The potential of UAV and very high-resolution satellite imagery for yellow and stem rust detection and phenotyping in Ethiopia

Gerald Blasch David Hodson Francelino Rodrigues (2023, [Artículo])

Very high (spatial and temporal) resolution satellite (VHRS) and high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery provides the opportunity to develop new crop disease detection methods at early growth stages with utility for early warning systems. The capability of multispectral UAV, SkySat and Pleiades imagery as a high throughput phenotyping (HTP) and rapid disease detection tool for wheat rusts is assessed. In a randomized trial with and without fungicide control, six bread wheat varieties with differing rust resistance were monitored using UAV and VHRS. In total, 18 spectral features served as predictors for stem and yellow rust disease progression and associated yield loss. Several spectral features demonstrated strong predictive power for the detection of combined wheat rust diseases and the estimation of varieties’ response to disease stress and grain yield. Visible spectral (VIS) bands (Green, Red) were more useful at booting, shifting to VIS–NIR (near-infrared) vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI, RVI) at heading. The top-performing spectral features for disease progression and grain yield were the Red band and UAV-derived RVI and NDVI. Our findings provide valuable insight into the upscaling capability of multispectral sensors for disease detection, demonstrating the possibility of upscaling disease detection from plot to regional scales at early growth stages.

Very High Resolution Imagery Disease Detection Methods Early Growth Stages CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES STEM RUST PHENOTYPING HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING WHEAT

Vida de un muerto. Entre nuestro universo y el otro

Nicolás Amoroso Boelcke (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

Capítulo número 3 de la Sección Imágenes y representaciones.

Se analiza el film Raymond & Ray, desde la construcción de la vida de Harris, personaje muerto desde el principio del film, y esto se hace mediante las palabras, no con escenas de la infancia que mencionan Raymond y Ray ni tampoco en las acciones que participa con los otros perso¬najes que hablan de él. Harris habita el filme desde las palabras.

Semiotics and motion pictures. Culture--Semiotic models. Dialogue analysis. Semiótica y cine. Análisis del diálogo. NX180.S46 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS TEORÍA, ANÁLISIS Y CRÍTICA DE LAS BELLAS ARTES CINEMATOGRAFÍA

Maize crop coefficient estimation based on spectral vegetation indices and vegetation cover fraction derived from UAV-based multispectral images

MARIANA DE JESUS MARCIAL PABLO RONALD ERNESTO ONTIVEROS CAPURATA WALDO OJEDA BUSTAMANTE (2021, [Artículo])

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040668

Remote sensing-based crop monitoring has evolved unprecedentedly to supply multispectral imagery with high spatial-temporal resolution for the assessment of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Several methodologies have shown a high correlation between the Vegetation Indices (VIs) and the crop coefficient (Kc). This work analyzes the estimation of the crop coefficient (Kc) as a spectral function of the product of two variables: VIs and green vegetation cover fraction (fv). Multispectral images from experimental maize plots were classified to separate pixels into three classes (vegetation, shade, and soil) using the OBIA (Object Based Image Analysis) approach. Only vegetation pixels were used to estimate the VIs and fv variables. The spectral Kcfv:VI models were compared with Kc based on Cumulative Growing Degree Days (CGDD) (Kc-cGDD). The maximum average values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), WDRVI, and EVI2 indices during the growing season were 0.77, 0.21, and 1.63, respectively. The results showed that the spectral Kcfv:VI model showed a strong linear correlation with Kc-cGDD (R2 > 0.80). The model precision increases with plant densities, and the Kcfv:NDVI with 80,000 plants/ha had the best fitting performance (R2 = 0.94 and RMSE = 0.055). The results indicate that the use of spectral models to estimate Kc based on high spatial and temporal resolution UAV-images, using only green pixels to compute VI and fv crop variables, offers a powerful and simple tool for ETc assessment to support irrigation scheduling in agricultural areas.

Grado de crecimiento diario Gestión del riego Percepción remota Análisis de imágenes basado en objetos CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Risk, Covid-19 and hospital care in Mexico City: Are we moving toward a new medical practice?

Rubén Muñoz (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Covid-19 pandemic has entailed new challenges for health care in the Mexican public health sector, producing changes in clinical practices that are now handling patients infected with covid-19 and also outpatient consultations at tertiary-level care hospitals. Some of these challenges are related to the perception of risk held by physicians regarding the possibility of contracting or transmitting covid-19 during their work,and to the management of risk from the standpoint of biomedical organizational culture linked to the material and symbolic conditions of public health services predating the pandemic. We analyze these issues from a anthropological research based on in-depth interviews to physicians that work with covid-19 patients at “Covid-19 hospitals” or “hybrid hospitals” in Mexico City. Covid-19 has arrived in social relations and perceptions of risk in the arena of health care and involves knowing and transforming some structural and symbolic conditions, resignified with the pandemic, for proper medical care.

Covid-19 percepción de riesgo personal de salud atención médica hospitalaria cultura organizacional biomédica CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES risk perception health care workers hospital care biomedical organizational culture

Voter´´´'s dilemma between honest and competent candidates in the 2018 elections in Mexico and Brazil

José Daniel Sousa Oliva (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article is dedicated to understanding and explaining the electoral dilemma “Dishonest, but competent” and “Honest, but incompetent” in the elections of legislators, governors and municipal presidents in 2018 in Mexico and Brazil. The research questions that guided the investigation are: Why are there voters in Mexico and Brazil who vote for “dishonest” candidates? And how do the voters of those countries decide their vote in the face of this dilemma? The theoretical approach of this work is Social Psychology through two analytical tools: the Funnel of Causality and the Tripartite Model of Attitudes. The methodology is mixed, quantitative and qualitative, using statistical models with data from the international surveys World Values Survey and Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, as well as the application of Focus Groups in the distance modality. In this way, four categories of voter are proposed: moralist, moralist-moderate, pragmatic-moderate and pragmatic. The arguments of this work are: first, that regardless of cultural differences, there is an “affective voter” “non-rational” who makes decisions based on emotions and intuition, demonstrating that the affective components of attitudes are more relevant than the cognitive ones in electoral choice; second, that voting for “dishonest” candidates is determined under a greater influence of “short-term factors” such as candidate characteristics and short-term events rather than “long-term factors” such as party loyalties and ideology.

politics, electoral behavior, political culture, democracy, public opinion. política, comportamiento electoral, cultura política, democracia, opinión pública. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Voter´´´'s dilemma between honest and competent candidates in the 2018 elections in Mexico and Brazil

José Daniel Sousa Oliva (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article is dedicated to understanding and explaining the electoral dilemma “Dishonest, but competent” and “Honest, but incompetent” in the elections of legislators, governors and municipal presidents in 2018 in Mexico and Brazil. The research questions that guided the investigation are: Why are there voters in Mexico and Brazil who vote for “dishonest” candidates? And how do the voters of those countries decide their vote in the face of this dilemma? The theoretical approach of this work is Social Psychology through two analytical tools: the Funnel of Causality and the Tripartite Model of Attitudes. The methodology is mixed, quantitative and qualitative, using statistical models with data from the international surveys World Values Survey and Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, as well as the application of Focus Groups in the distance modality. In this way, four categories of voter are proposed: moralist, moralist-moderate, pragmatic-moderate and pragmatic. The arguments of this work are: first, that regardless of cultural differences, there is an “affective voter” “non-rational” who makes decisions based on emotions and intuition, demonstrating that the affective components of attitudes are more relevant than the cognitive ones in electoral choice; second, that voting for “dishonest” candidates is determined under a greater influence of “short-term factors” such as candidate characteristics and short-term events rather than “long-term factors” such as party loyalties and ideology.

politics, electoral behavior, political culture, democracy, public opinion. política, comportamiento electoral, cultura política, democracia, opinión pública. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

The social responsibility of tobacco production in Nayarit. Who pays the price?

Dagoberto De Dios Hernández Jesús Antonio Madera Pacheco (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

In Nayarit, Mexico, there is an Integrated System of Tobacco Production (SIPT) which operates mainly with the participation of campesino families. However, for some preparatory work and to guarantee the harvest, local jornaleros and indigenous migrant families from the mountainous regions of Nayarit, Jalisco, Durango, and Zacatecas are hired, manly on a temporarily basis. They live for several months in precarious conditions in the houses and yards of the growers and on the agricultural plots. Since the Marco’s Convention and the General Law on Tobacco Control, the companies that control the SIPT have adopted new narratives and strategies for managing and sustaining their businesses, mainly emphasizing the so-called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The objective of this article is to analyze the CSR actions of the tobacco companies from an approach of accumulation by dispossession, understanding CSR as a capitalist tool for the extraction of surplus value. With the support of a qualitative methodology, based on bibliographic and hemerographic review, direct observation, field diaries and interviews, also corporate actions comprised between 2018 and 2023 have also been documented. British American Tobacco and Tabacos del Pacífico Norte have "sponsored" the operation of the Florece centers and the Sustenta program in the tobacco fields of Nayarit, even though, in the tobacco reality of the tobacco industry the operation of such programs and their costs are assumed and absorbed by the growers, while the companies disseminate an image of sustainable business management.

Tobacco Social Responsibility Tobacco companies Indigenous families CMCT Tabaco Responsabilidad social Empresas tabacaleras Familias indígenas CIENCIAS SOCIALESCIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

The social responsibility of tobacco production in Nayarit. Who pays the price?

Dagoberto De Dios Hernández Jesús Antonio Madera Pacheco (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

In Nayarit, Mexico, there is an Integrated System of Tobacco Production (SIPT) which operates mainly with the participation of campesino families. However, for some preparatory work and to guarantee the harvest, local jornaleros and indigenous migrant families from the mountainous regions of Nayarit, Jalisco, Durango, and Zacatecas are hired, manly on a temporarily basis. They live for several months in precarious conditions in the houses and yards of the growers and on the agricultural plots. Since the Marco’s Convention and the General Law on Tobacco Control, the companies that control the SIPT have adopted new narratives and strategies for managing and sustaining their businesses, mainly emphasizing the so-called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The objective of this article is to analyze the CSR actions of the tobacco companies from an approach of accumulation by dispossession, understanding CSR as a capitalist tool for the extraction of surplus value. With the support of a qualitative methodology, based on bibliographic and hemerographic review, direct observation, field diaries and interviews, also corporate actions comprised between 2018 and 2023 have also been documented. British American Tobacco and Tabacos del Pacífico Norte have "sponsored" the operation of the Florece centers and the Sustenta program in the tobacco fields of Nayarit, even though, in the tobacco reality of the tobacco industry the operation of such programs and their costs are assumed and absorbed by the growers, while the companies disseminate an image of sustainable business management.

Tobacco Social Responsibility Tobacco companies Indigenous families CMCT Tabaco Responsabilidad social Empresas tabacaleras Familias indígenas CIENCIAS SOCIALESCIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

“Ahora los jueces hablan bonito” : DIMENSIÓN RITUAL Y EFICACIA SIMBÓLICA DEL PROCESO PENAL ORAL QUE INVOLUCRA PERSONAS INDÍGENAS EN CONFLICTO CON LA LEY FEDERAL EN OAXACA, MÉXICO

LAURA ANAID SIERRA FAJARDO (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

“El 18 de junio de 2008, se promulgo la reforma penal constitucional en México, iniciando la transición de un sistema de justicia inquisitivo-mixto a uno oral y público. En esta investigación analizo juicios de la oralidad penal que involucra personas indígenas en conflicto con la ley federal en Oaxaca. El argumento central del estudio sostiene que este modelo procesal crea un espacio de encuentro entre el estado mexicano y los pueblos indígenas, así como una nueva economía del castigo que invisibiliza la violencia (i)legítima ejercida por el Estado sobre personas indígenas en conflicto con la ley y sus sistemas de justicia. La investigación se basa en un estudio etnográfico e interpretativo realizando en tribunales federales y extensivo a su campo sociopolítico y cultural. Por las temáticas y perspectivas que se abordan, se circunscribe en tres áreas de estudio: 1). En la antropología simbólica, al examinar la dimensión ritual, cultural y la eficacia simbólica de las prácticas judiciales. 2) en la antropología del Estado, al profundizar en la relación Estado-Pueblos indígenas partiendo del proceso penal oral y la cultura jurídica local como punto de encuentro; y 3) en la antropología del derecho o jurídica, al utilizar la etnografía como método de estudio para observar y analizar las prácticas cotidianas en el campo socio-jurídico y en el proceso judicial dando cuenta de las interrelaciones entre derecho, cultura y sociedad. Los hallazgos de la tesis comprenden el papel de la oralidad penal en la perpetuación de mecanismos discursivos de dominación racial que subordinan y devalúan las identidades culturales indígenas, teniendo como efecto un castigo penal diferenciado basado en el silenciamiento social. Además, visibiliza la agencia de intérpretes traductores de lenguas indígenas, defensores públicos bilingües y otros agentes aliados de la justicia pluralista, quienes desafían la cultura jurídica local desde visiones otras del derecho”.

Autonomía indígena. Administración de justicia - México - Oaxaca. Jueces - Oaxaca - Historia. Cortes - Oaxaca - Historia. Juicios orales - México - Oaxaca. Tesis - Doctorado en Antropología, CDMX. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS JURÍDICAS Y DERECHO ORGANIZACIÓN JURÍDICA FUNCIONARIOS DE JUSTICIA Y PROCESOS JUDICIALES FUNCIONARIOS DE JUSTICIA Y PROCESOS JUDICIALES

Estrategias, dilemas y oportunidades de la nueva misión y visión del Infonavit: un estudio de caso

Strategies, dilemmas and opportunities of the new mission and visión of Infonavit: a case study

Edgar Eugenio Ramírez De la Cruz David Arellano_Gault (2014, [Artículo])

The present article describes the design and implementation process of a new misión and vision at the Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers (Infonavit), which took place in 2009. The change in mission was an organization that had been highly successful in producing mortgage lending and financial returns between 2001 and 2006 in order to fulfill a broader mission that includes the quality of life of users and the economic, social and environmental sustainability of communities. This change led to tensions between the centralizing logic and process control, which allowed past success, and the flexibility needed at the local level to achieve the new goals. The paper describes the tensions and dilemmas that arise in this organizational change comparing two perspectives: the prospect of a transition that is seen as linear, smooth and successful from headquarters with a chaotic, incomplete and full of complications that are perceived from those implementing the changes. The document provides a final note on the changes that seem necessary to reconcile, at least in principle, these tensions and dilemmas.

El presente artículo describe los procesos de diseño e implementación de una nueva misión y visión del Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores (Infonavit), que tuvo lugar en 2009. El cambio de misión llevó a una organización que había sido altamente exitosa en otorgar créditos hipotecarios y rendimientos financieros entre los años 2001 y 2006 a intentar cumplir una misión más amplia, que incluye la calidad de vida de los usuarios y la sustentabilidad económica, social y ambiental de las comunidades. Este cambio generó tensiones entre la lógica centralizadora y de control de procesos, que permitió el éxito pasado, y la flexibilidad necesaria para alcanzar los nuevos objetivos. El documento describe las tensiones y los dilemas que se presentan en este cambio organizacional comparando dos perspectivas: la perspectiva de una transición que se aprecia como lineal, suave y exitosa desde las oficinas centrales frente a una caótica, incompleta y llena de complicaciones que perciben quienes implementan los cambios. El documento ofrece una reflexión final sobre los cambios que parecerían necesarios para conciliar, al menos en principio, estas tensiones y dilemas.

Implementación Política de vivienda CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES