How a holobiome perspective could promote intensification, biosecurity and eco-efficiency in the shrimp aquaculture industry

Eric Daniel Gutiérrez Pérez RICARDO VAZQUEZ JUAREZ FRANCISCO JAVIER MAGALLON BARAJAS MIGUEL ANGEL MARTINEZ MERCADO GRISEL ALEJANDRA ESCOBAR ZEPEDA Paola Magallón Servín (2022, [Artículo])

"The aquaculture industry faces many challenges regarding the intensification of shrimp rearing systems. One of these challenges is the release of excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus into coastal areas, causing disruption in nutrient cycling and microbial equilibrium, which are important for coastal productivity. Biosecurity within the shrimp rearing systems can also be compromised by disruption to the nutrient fluxes, and as consequence the microbiome of the system. In certain conditions, these changes could lead to the blooming of potentially pathogenic bacteria. These changes in the external microbiome of the system and the constant fluctuations of nutrients can affect the intestinal microbiome of shrimp, which is involved in the growth and development of the host, affecting nutrient absorption, regulating metabolic processes, synthesising vitamins, modulating the immune response and preventing growth of pathogenic bacteria. It has been suggested that specific changes in the intestinal microbiome of Litopenaeus vannamei may be an avenue through which to overcome some of the problems that this industry faces, in terms of health, growth and waste. Recent research, however, has focussed mainly on changes in the intestinal microbiome. Researchers have overlooked the relevance of other aspects of the system, such as the microbiome from the benthic biofilms; zooplankton, plankton and bacterioplankton; and other sources of microorganisms that can directly affect the microbial status of the intestinal and epiphytic communities, especially in rearing systems that are based on intensification and microbial maturation processes, such as a biofloc system. It is therefore necessary to place holobiome studies into context, including the ‘holobiome of the aquaculture system’ (microbiomes that make up the culture system and their interactions) and not only the intestinal microbiome. Thus, we describe factors that affect the shrimp microbiome, the methodology of study, from sampling to bioinformatic workflows, and introduce the concept of the ‘holobiome of the aquaculture system’ and how this enables us to promote the intensification, biosafety and eco-efficiency of shrimp farming. The holobiome perspective implies a greater investment of resources and time for research, but it will accelerate the development of technology that will benefit the development and sustainability of the aquaculture industry."

litopenaeus vannamei, microbiome, intensification, biofloc, holobiome of aquaculture systems CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PRODUCCIÓN ANIMAL NUTRICIÓN NUTRICIÓN

What Are Medusozoans, and Why Do They Sting?

José Agüero Mariae del Carmen Estrada González Leonela Rosales Catalán Ariadne Molina Alonso MARIA DE LOS ANGELES MENDOZA BECERRIL (2022, [Artículo])

"Medusozoans are marine animals without backbones that live near the coasts, or in the depths of the oceans. Some of them are large, but others are even tinier than a seed. Medusozoans have been living on Earth for more than 600 million years. Their bodies are 95% water. Some medusozoans live attached to a surface, but others can swim freely. All medusozoans have tentacles, armed with stinging cells called nematocysts. When the nematocysts are triggered, the tiny stingers inside them can travel at speeds up to 67 km per hour. Around 3% of medusozoans are harmful to humans. Therefore, when visiting beaches where these harmful medusozoans live, it is necessary to take some precautions. Wearing protective clothing and not touching a medusozoan stranded on the beach will help you stay safe and healthy, so you can enjoy your beach day!"

Medusozoans BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ZOOLOGÍA MARINA ZOOLOGÍA MARINA

Trophic ecology of Mexican Pacific harbor seal colonies using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes

MARICELA JUAREZ RODRIGUEZ (2020, [Artículo])

There is limited information that provides a comprehensive understanding of the trophic ecology of Mexican Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) colonies. While scat analysis has been used to determine the diet of some colonies, the integrative characterization of its feeding habits on broader temporal and spatial scales remains limited. We examined potential feeding grounds, trophic niche width, and overlap, and inferred the degree of dietary specialization using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) in this subspecies. We analyzed δ13C and δ15N on fur samples from pups collected at five sites along the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Fur of natal coat of Pacific harbor seal pups begins to grow during the seventh month in utero until the last stage of gestation. Therefore pup fur is a good proxy for the mother's feeding habits in winter (∼December to March), based on the timing of gestation for the subspecies in this region. Our results indicated that the δ13C and δ15N values differed significantly among sampling sites, with the highest mean δ15N value occurring at the southernmost site, reflecting a well-characterized north to south latitudinal 15N-enrichment in the food web. The tendency identified in δ13C values, in which the northern colonies showed the most enriched values, suggests nearshore and benthic-demersal feeding habits. A low variance in δ13C and δ15N values for each colony (<1‰) and relatively small standard ellipse areas suggest a specialized foraging behavior in adult female Pacific harbor seals in Mexican waters. © 2020 Juárez-Rodríguez et al.

carbon, delta carbon 13, delta nitrogen 15, isotope, nitrogen, unclassified drug, carbon, nitrogen, Article, correlational study, feeding behavior, latitude, Mexico, nonhuman, organism colony, Pinnipedia, population abundance, species richness, troph BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)

Underwater vessel noise in a commercial and tourist bay complex in the Mexican Central Pacific

David Alonso Rosales Chapula CHRISTIAN DANIEL ORTEGA ORTIZ Myriam Llamas González ARAMIS OLIVOS ORTIZ ERNESTO TORRES OROZCO Braulio Leon-Lopez Eduardo Romero Vivas (2022, [Artículo])

"Noise generated by ship traffic is increasing around the world. Hence, there is need to effectively evaluate anthropogenic noise levels in marine habitats. In this study, the noise contribution of ships in the Santiago–Manzanillo bay complex, on the Pacific coast of central Mexico, was assessed. The semienclosed bay complex is one of the most important commercial ports in Mexico, and it is an area with high biological richness and tourism demand, including demand by the informal humpback whale watching industry. Bottom-fixed recording systems were deployed at the entrance to the bay, near the commercial port (Manzanillo Bay), and within the tourist area (Santiago Bay). Monthly acoustic records were obtained from September 2015 to August 2016. Boat categories confirmed by visual sightings were associated with their acoustic signals. According to the diagnostic frequency range, vessel noise was classified into noise coming from large ships (50–220 Hz) or from small vessels (290–500 Hz). Large ships were always detected at both stations, while, as expected, small vessels were more common in tourist areas. Vessel noise in the entire area ranged from 130 to 170 dB (RMS re 1 μPa) and was present up to a median of 81.8% of the time throughout the year, with higher prevalence from 1200 to 1600 hours. Marine traffic activities were constant in the area, but frequency content and sound pressure levels were not equally distributed across the bay. Therefore, it is important to consider the possible differential impacts on marine fauna inhabiting the area."

"El ruido generado por el tránsito de embarcaciones ha ido en aumento a nivel mundial, por lo que se requiere evaluar objetivamente los niveles de ruido antropogénico en los hábitats marinos. En este estudio, se evaluó la contribución de las embarcaciones a los niveles de ruido en el complejo de bahías Santiago-Manzanillo, en la costa del Pacífico central mexicano. Este complejo de bahías semicerradas es uno de los puertos comerciales más importantes de México y, a su vez, un área con alta riqueza biológica y demanda turística, incluida la demanda de la industria informal de avistamiento de ballenas jorobadas. Desde septiembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2016, se obtuvieron registros acústicos mensuales de sistemas de grabación fijos colocados en la entrada a la bahía, cerca del puerto comercial (bahía de Manzanillo) y dentro del área turística (bahía de Santiago). Los barcos avistados durante las grabaciones se asociaron a sus señales acústicas y se agruparon por categoría. De acuerdo con su rango diagnóstico de frecuencia, el ruido de los barcos se clasificó en barcos grandes (50–220 Hz) y pequeños (290–500 Hz). Los barcos grandes siempre se detectaron en ambas estaciones, mientras que, como se esperaba, los barcos pequeños fueron más comunes en las zonas turísticas. El ruido de embarcaciones en toda la zona osciló entre 130 y 170 dB (RMS re 1 μPa) y estuvo presente en una mediana de hasta el 81.8% del tiempo a lo largo del año, con mayor prevalencia entre las 1200 y 1600 horas. Las actividades del tráfico marítimo fueron constantes en el área, pero el contenido de frecuencias y los niveles de presión sonora no se distribuyeron por igual a lo largo de la bahía, por lo que se deben diferenciar los posibles impactos sobre la fauna marina que habita en el área."

ruido de embarcaciones, puerto comercial, puerto turístico, disturbio, ballenas vessel noise, commercial port, tourist port, disturbance, whales BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL

HERENCIA MENDELIANA EN MICROSATÉLITES DE ABULÓN AMARILLO Haliotis corrugata

MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN PINK ABALONE Haliotis corrugata MICROSATELLITES

HERANÇA MENDELIANA DOS MICROSSATÉLITES DE AMARELO ABULON Haliotis corrugata

NOE DIAZ VILORIA RICARDO PEREZ ENRIQUEZ DANIEL AGUILAR OSUNA Pedro Cruz Hernández (2013, [Artículo])

"En México la pesquería de abulón amarillo (Haliotis corrugata) se ha visto fuertemente afectada por la sobrepesca y factores ambientales. En este contexto, la repoblación de los bancos silvestres mediante liberación de larvas o juveniles producidos en laboratorio se ha vislumbrado como una alternativa para incrementar la producción. Cualquier programa de repoblamiento debe considerar una estrategia de manejo genético que evite la pérdida de diversidad genética y que permita dar seguimiento del pedigrí de los individuos producidos en laboratorio y liberados posteriormente en los bancos naturales. Uno de los requisitos de los marcadores moleculares tipo microsatélites empleados para la asignación de parentesco en análisis de pedigrí es su conformación al modelo de herencia mendeliana. En el presente estudio se analizaron larvas veliger de H. corrugata de tres familias no emparentadas (cada una de hermanos completos) con 11 loci microsatélites para evaluar si sus clases genotípicas se ajustaban a las proporciones esperadas bajo herencia mendeliana. Las proporciones genotípicas de ocho loci (Hco15, Hco19, Hco22, Hco47-2, Hco47-3, Hco194, Hka3 y Hka56) se ajustaron a las proporciones mendelianas esperadas, dos loci (Hco47-1 y Hco97) mostraron desviaciones significativas (P<0,05) y en un locus (Hco16) no se pudo comprobar segregación mendeliana. Para análisis de parentesco futuros en esta especie se recomienda el uso de un grupo de al menos seis loci en el cual deben incluirse Hco19, Hco22, Hco47-2 y Hka3 debido a sus moderados a altos polimorfismos."

"In Mexico, the pink abalone (Haliotis corrugata) fishery has been strongly affected by overfishing and environmental factors. In this context, reseeding of natural beds through the release of hatchery produced larvae or juveniles, has been envisioned as an alternative to increase production. Any reseeding program should take in account a genetic management strategy, which avoids the loss of genetic diversity and enables to follow the pedigree of hatchery produced individuals being released in the natural beds. One of the requisites of microsatellites as molecular markers for parentage assignment is their agreement to Mendelian inheritance model. In the present study, Haliotis corrugata veliger larvae from three unrelated families (of fullsibs each), were analyzed with 11 microsatellite loci, to assess if their genotypic classes were in agreement to expected ratios under Mendelian inheritance. The genotypic ratios of eight loci (Hco15, Hco19, Hco22, Hco47-2, Hco47-3, Hco194, Hka3, and Hka56) were in agreement with Mendelian expected ratios, two loci (Hco47-1 and Hco97) showed significant deviations (P<0.05), and in one locus (Hco16) Mendelian segregation could not be demonstrated. From the results we suggest the use a group of at least 6 loci in subsequent parentage analyses in which loci Hco19, Hco22, Hco47-2 and Hka3 should be included because their moderate to high polymorphisms."

Abalón, Haliotis corrugata, Hermanos Completos, Herencia Mendeliana, Microsatélites pink abalone, microsatellites BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) GENÉTICA ANIMAL GENÉTICA ANIMAL

Redescription of Selenops minutus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900 (Aranei: Selenopidae)

DAVID CHAME VAZQUEZ MARIA LUISA JIMENEZ JIMENEZ CARLOS PALACIOS CARDIEL (2022, [Artículo])

"In this work we redescribe and rediagnose both sexes of the flattie spider Selenops minutus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900. In addition, we provide the first record of S. minutus from Mexico."

Araneae, new record, flattie spider, Chiapas, Mexico BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) TAXONOMÍA ANIMAL TAXONOMÍA ANIMAL

Comparación de la bioacústica de dos especies del género rana (Amphibia: Ranidae) en Honduras

EMMANUEL ORELLANA MURILLO (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Expansión poblacional reciente en la historia evolutiva de la anchoveta de California Engraulis mordax

Recent population expansion in the evolutionary history of the Californian anchovy Engraulis mordax

NOE DIAZ VILORIA LAURA SANCHEZ VELASCO RICARDO PEREZ ENRIQUEZ (2012, [Artículo])

"La anchoveta de California Engraulis mordax, es una especie templada que pudo haber pasado por un proceso de disyunción poblacional, debido al proceso postglacial de calentamiento del agua alrededor de la punta de la península de Baja California, hace unos 10,000 años. Se realizó un análisis genético para probar la hipótesis nula de homogeneidad genética entre el Golfo de California, México y el sur de California, EUA y si este era el caso, estimar el tiempo de surgimiento de haplotipos en términos de coalescencia. Se analizaron en total 80 secuencias de la región control hipervariable (ADNmt) de E. mordax, capturadas en la región central del Golfo de California (n = 40) y el sur de California (n = 40). A pesar del gran número de haplotipos únicos, no se observó diferenciación genética significativa entre localidades (FST = –0.0025, p = 0.686). Una distribución unimodal en la frecuencia del número de diferencias entre haplotipos indica un modelo de expansión rápida en el tamaño poblacional, que basado en una tasa mutacional de 3.6% por millón de años para la región control, indicó un tiempo de diferenciación nucleotídica relativamente reciente de aproximadamente 61,000 años. Este periodo de tiempo corresponde al Pleistoceno tardío, después de la formación de la península de Baja California, sugiriendo expansiones poblacionales en cada una de las localidades, seguidas del último episodio de glaciación, el cual quizás contribuyó a la migración de esta especie de afinidad templada entre las dos localidades y a su homogenización genética. Sin embargo este único evento reciente de flujo genético en la historia evolutiva de la especie, no explica por sí solo los patrones de distribución encontrados en las frecuencias de diferencias nucleotídicas."

"The Californian anchovy Engraulis mordax, a temperate species, may have undergone a process of population disjunction from experiencing post-glacial water heating processes around the tip of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico about 10,000 b.p. A genetic analysis was performed to test the null hypothesis of genetic homogeneity between the Gulf of California and Southern California, U. S. A., and if this is the case, to estimate the time of haplotype emergence in terms of coalescence. A total of 80 sequences of the mtDNA hypervariable control region of E. mordax captured in the central Gulf of California (n = 40) and Southern California (n = 40) were analyzed. In spite of the large number of private haplotypes, no significant genetic differentiation among sites (FST = –0.0025, p = 0.686) was observed. An unimodal distribution of mismatch frequency between haplotypes indicated a model of rapid expansion in population size that, based on a mutation rate of 3.6% per million years in the control region, indicates a relatively recent nucleotide differentiation

time of approximately 61,000 years. This time period corresponds to the late Pleistocene, suggesting population expansions at each locality, followed by the last episode of glaciation, which may have contributed to migration of this temperate-affinity species between two locations and the genetic homogenization. However this unique recent event of gene flow in the evolutionary history of species does not explain by itself the mismatch distribution patterns found."

ADN mitocondrial, expansión poblacional reciente, flujo genético, región control, reloj molecular. Control region, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, molecular clock, recent population expansion. BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ZOOLOGÍA MARINA ZOOLOGÍA MARINA

Reubicación de enjambres de abejas de Apis mellifera en zonas urbanas y periurbanas

JOSÉ CHAVIER DE ARAUJO FREITAS (2023, [Artículo])

Hoy día podemos encontrar poblaciones silvestres de Apis mellifera de origen africanizado en todo el país, siendo además la abeja que la mayoría de los apicultores tienen en sus apiarios. Estas abejas africanizadas tuvieron su origen en un proceso de hibridación entre abejas africanizadas y europeas que ocurrió en México, pero que tuvo su origen en Brasil. Estos enjambres en zonas urbanas son un riesgo para la salud pública, ya que su presencia puede ocasionar accidentes y víctimas fatales, por lo cual es necesario saber qué hacer cuando se está ante la presencia de ellos.

ABEJAS MELIFERAS ENJAMBRE DEFENSIVIDAD AFRICANIZACION YUCATAN MEXICO BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) INVERTEBRADOS INVERTEBRADOS

First record of Band-tailed Pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata (Columbiformes: Columbidae) in the Sonoran Desert of Baja California

Jonathan Gabriel Escobar Flores MARIANA DELGADO FERNANDEZ OSCAR EDUARDO DELGADO GONZALEZ (2016, [Artículo])

"We report the presence of the Band-tailed Pigeon, which was not previously recorded in the Sonoran Desert in Baja California. The site was 140 km south of the nearest forest. The presence of the pigeon further documents the propensity of Band-tailed Pigeons to wander widely."

Baja California Peninsula; Cataviña; desert; forest; riparian vegetation BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL