Oxidative stress in aging: advances in proteomic approaches

DANIEL ORTUÑO SAHAGUN; Mercè Pallàs; ARGELIA ESPERANZA ROJAS MAYORQUIN

Título

Autor

DANIEL ORTUÑO SAHAGUN

Mercè Pallàs

ARGELIA ESPERANZA ROJAS MAYORQUIN

Nivel de Acceso

Acceso Abierto

Licencia

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Materias

Resumen o descripción

Abstract: Aging is a gradual, complex process in which cells, tissues, organs, and the whole organism itself deteriorate in a progressive and irreversible manner that, in the majority of cases, implies pathological conditions that affect the individual’s Quality of Life (QOL). Although extensive research efforts in recent years have been made, the anticipation of aging and prophylactic or treatment strategies continue to experience major limitations. In this review, the focus is essentially on the compilation of the advances generated by cellular expression profile analysis through proteomics studies (two-dimensional [2D] electrophoresis and mass spectrometry [MS]), which are currently used as an integral approach to study the aging process. Additionally, the relevance of the oxidative stress factors is discussed. Emphasis is placed on postmitotic tissues, such as neuronal, muscular, and red blood cells, which appear to be those most frequently studied with respect to aging. Additionally, models for the study of aging are discussed in a number of organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, senescence-accelerated probe-8 mice (SAMP8), naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), and the beagle canine. Proteomic studies in specific tissues and organisms have revealed the extensive involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in aging.

Conclusion: One limitation of some of the reports presented here is that details regarding animal ages, care, and behavior assessments/measures are limited, which impedes cross-study comparison and meta-analyses. Also, cell types and their particular characteristics rendered comparison of the effect of ROS on RBC or neurons difficult, for example, as well as under in vitro or in vivo conditions. Thus, therefore more and wider studies are needed.

In humans, it is difficult to compare among proteomic studies because of insufficient characterization of the study material, the small number of patients involved in studies, and variations in experimental designs. At present, basic aging research has arrived at a pharmaceutical phase, with the testing of novel drugs designed to extend a healthy life by targeting specific biochemical pathways, perhaps in specific organs [123]. In this respect, the National Institute on Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP) experimentally evaluates chemical compounds with potential senescence-retarding effects that can be administered to mice in food or water [124]. While initial results are far from surprising, the experimental design is robust; therefore, it will be useful in order to develop a similar program in mouse genetics in aging.

It is evident that the sole fact of identifying the whole genome sequence of an organism, or to know the whole isoforms and modifications of its products (proteins), is not sufficient for complete elucidation of the aging process. It is necessary to integrate all of this information in a functional manner that reflects more precisely the real situation. Therefore, as important as the generation of all “omic” information is, the development of instruments to analyze and evaluate this efficiently is equally important. In this regard, bioinformatics and computational biology are devoted to performing these analyses, both based on systems biology, that is, the construction of gene, protein, and metabolic pathway networks that interact among them to constitute functional modules (Figure 1). In turn, they integrate design models for prediction from clinical phenotypes to diagnostic and therapeutic strategies after experimentation takes place. Albeit proteomics has already contributed relevant insights in the field of aging research and attempts have been made, in animal models such as mice to map aging-related brain proteins within the context of the biological processes involved [51]; a reference mapping of proteins in healthy aging human subjects has yet to be performed. Nonetheless, with the continued advances in proteomic technology, the study of the proteome during aging is entering a brand new phase of discovery.

Editor

Hindawi

Fecha de publicación

2014

Tipo de publicación

Artículo

Recurso de información

http://148.243.51.198/jspui/handle/20.500.12100/17142

Formato

Adobe PDF

application/pdf

Fuente

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (1942-0994) vol. 2014 (2014)

Idioma

Inglés

Relación

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2014/573208/

Repositorio Orígen

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE GERIATRIA

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