Título
Effect of differentiated injection ratio, gas flow rate, and slag thickness on mixing time and open eye area in gas-stirred ladle assisted by physical modeling
Autor
Enrique Jardón
Luis Gerardo Trápaga Martínez
Carlos Gonzalez-Rivera
Marco Ramirez
Nivel de Acceso
Acceso Abierto
Identificador alterno
doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050555
pissn: 2075-4701
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/9/5/555
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/metals/special_issues/Metallurgical_Processing
Materias
Gas-stirred ladle - (PALABRA CLAVE DEL AUTOR) Physical modeling - (PALABRA CLAVE DEL AUTOR) Optimization - (PALABRA CLAVE DEL AUTOR) Particle image velocimetry - (PALABRA CLAVE DEL AUTOR) Steelmaking - (PALABRA CLAVE DEL AUTOR) INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA - (CTI) CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS - (CTI) INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA QUÍMICAS - (CTI) METALES - (CTI) METALES - (CTI)
Resumen o descripción
In this work, the effects of equal (50%/50%) or differentiated (75%/25%) gas flow ratio, gas flow rate, and slag thickness on mixing time and open eye area were studied in a physical model of a gas stirred ladle with dual plugs separated by an angle of 180°. The effect of the variables under study was determined using a two-level factorial design. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to establish, through the analysis of the flow patterns and turbulence kinetic energy contours, the effect of the studied variables on the hydrodynamics of the system. Results revealed that differentiated injection ratio significantly changes the flow structure and greatly influences the behavior of the system regarding mixing time and open eye area. The Pareto front of the optimized results on both mixing time and open eye area was obtained through a multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The results are conclusive in that the ladle must be operated using differentiated flow ratio for optimal performance.
Daniel R. González Morales (UNAM. Fac. Química), coautor.
This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Simulation Technologies of Metallurgical Processing).
Author contributions: Conceptualization, M.A.R.-A. and G.T.; methodology, L.E.J.-P.; software, D.R.G.-M. and L.E.J.-P.; formal analysis, C.G.-R.; writing—original draft preparation, L.E.J.-P. and C.G.-R.; writing—review and editing, M.A.R.-A. and G.T.; funding, M.A.R.-A.
Funding: This research was funded by DGAPA UNAM, grant number PAPIIT IN115619.
Luis Enrique Jardón-Pérez, CVU 624968, as a student registered in the Doctoral Program in Chemical Engineering at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), thanks CONACyT for financial support through a Ph.D. scholarship. Additionally, authors thank A. Amaro-Villeda for technical assistance through the development of this research work.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Editor
MDPI
Fecha de publicación
2019
Tipo de publicación
Artículo
Versión de la publicación
Versión publicada
Recurso de información
Formato
application/pdf
Fuente
Metals, v. 9, no. 5, article number 555
Idioma
Inglés
Audiencia
Público en general
Repositorio Orígen
CIATEQ Digital
Descargas
296