Estudio de biomarcadores metabólicos en la piel relacionados con el envejecimiento en una población del noroeste de México

Study of metabolic biomarkers in the skin related to aging in a population from northwest Mexico

JHORDAN OJEDA GONZALEZ (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

La piel, siendo el órgano más grande, es fácilmente accesible para la obtención de muestras no invasivas. Esto convierte a la piel en una valiosa fuente de datos biológicos para la evaluación del estado de salud de los individuos. Sin embargo, la edad desempeña un papel central en casi todos los procesos humanos, y si no se tiene en cuenta adecuadamente, podría introducir sesgos al evaluar la condición de la piel. Por lo tanto, comprender cómo la edad afecta el metabolismo de la piel es crucial para crear perfiles del tipo y abundancia de metabolitos en diferentes etapas del desarrollo humano. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las diferencias metabólicas en la piel entre sujetos mexicanos de diferentes grupos de edad. Para lograrlo, se recolectaron muestras superficiales de piel (obtenidas mediante hisopos de algodón) de 75 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 74 años. Los datos metabolómicos se obtuvieron a través de cromatografía líquida-espectrometría de masas en tándem (LC-MS2), mientras que la identificación de metabolitos y los análisis estadísticos se realizaron utilizando programas informáticos exhaustivos y complementarios (GNPS, Sirius, MZmine, Metaboanalyst, entre otros). Después de un extenso uso de herramientas quimioinformáticas, se identificaron de manera putativa 2,193 metabolitos (peptídicos y no peptídicos) de diversas clases químicas, como ácidos carboxílicos y sus derivados, acilos grasos, benceno y sus derivados sustituidos, compuestos organooxigenados, entre otros. Algunos metabolitos se cree que son sintetizados por bacterias. A través de un análisis de regresión logística con ajuste de covariables, identificamos varios metabolitos asociados positiva y negativamente con la edad, algunos de los cuales eran específicos para cada género. Los hallazgos de este trabajo incluyen la identificación de potenciales biomarcadores del envejecimiento como ciclo(Leu-Pro), destiobiotina, entre muchos otros, y también se proponen las principales clases químicas afectadas, como son azoles, diazinas y polipéptidos. En general, hemos contribuido a iluminar el panorama químico de la piel humana en una población mexicana, sugiriendo metabolitos que podrían funcionar potencialmente como biomarcadores de envejecimiento y enfermedades. No obstante, para validar nuestros hallazgos, se requieren estudios más amplios con grupos étnicos diversos y tamaños de muestra más grandes.

The skin, being the largest organ, is readily accessible for non-invasive sampling, making it a valuable source of biological data that could facilitate the assessment of individuals health status. However, age exerts a central role in nearly all human processes, and if not appropriately accounted for, it could introduce biases when assessing skin condition. Therefore, understanding how age affects skin metabolism is crucial for creating profiles of the types and abundances of metabolites across different stages of human development. This study aimed to uncover metabolic differences in the skin among Mexican subjects of different age groups. To achieve this, surface skin samples (collected via cotton swabs) were gathered from 75 patients spanning ages 3 to 74. Metabolomic data was obtained through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS2), while metabolite identification and statistical analyses were performed using comprehensive yet complementary software (GNPS, Sirius, MZmine, Metaboanalyst, among others). After an exhaustive use of comprehensive chemoinformatic tools, a total of 2,529 metabolites (peptidic and non-peptidic) were putatively identified covering diverse chemical classes, such as carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, benzene and substituted derivatives, organooxygen compounds, among others. Some metabolites are thought to be synthesized by bacteria. Through logistic regression analysis and covariate adjustment, we identified several metabolites positively and negatively associated with age, some of which were gender specific. The findings of this study include the identification of potential aging biomarkers such as cyclo(Leu-Pro), dethiobiotin, among many others, and the proposal of the major affected chemical classes, including azoles, diazines, and polypeptides. Overall, we have contributed to illuminating the chemical landscape of human skin within a Mexican population, hinting at metabolites that could potentially function as aging and disease biomarkers. Nonetheless, to validate our findings, broader studies involving diverse ethnic groups and larger sample sizes are required.

Metabolómica, Espectrometría-de-masas, Quimioinformática, Envejecimiento-de-la-piel, Biomarcadores Metabolomics, Mass-Spectrometry, Chemoinformatics, Skin-aging, Biomarkers BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES DE LA BIOLOGÍA OTRAS OTRAS

Tránsito de avenidas en cauces mediante redes neuronales artificiales

FRANCISCO JAVIER APARICIO MIJARES JUAN PABLO MOLINA AGUILAR (2006, [Artículo])

Los métodos hidrológicos comúnmente utilizados para el tránsito de avenidas presentan limitantes

en el análisis de problemas complejos como, por ejemplo, los casos de trenes de avenidas, la presencia de flujos laterales o las uniones de ríos, principalmente en los casos en que no se cuenta con medición hidrométrica de toda la red hidrológica. Las características de las redes neuronales artificiales las convierten en una posibilidad para su aplicación al tránsito de avenidas, pues presentan diversas ventajas respecto a los métodos hidrológicos tradicionales. La aplicación de redes neuronales artificiales a distintos casos muestra que, contando con información y seleccionando la topología adecuada, es posible obtener resultados con una precisión similar a los métodos hidráulicos e hidrológicos con datos habitualmente disponibles en registros hidrométricos, que son escasos para la aplicación de dichos métodos. La aplicación de redes neuronales artificiales de arquitecturas simples en el caso de avenidas reales aisladas y trenes de avenidas en la región hidrológica 30, así como en registros anuales en la confluencia de los ríos Manso y Cajones, que forman el río Tesechoacán, muestra claramente las bondades de su utilización.

Tránsito de avenidas Métodos hidrológicos Redes neuronales artificiales CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Redes neuronales artificiales en la estimación de la evapotranspiración de referencia

Artificial neural networks in the estimation of reference evapotranspiration

ROCIO CERVANTES OSORNIO RAMON ARTEAGA RAMIREZ MARIO ALBERTO VAZQUEZ PEÑA WALDO OJEDA BUSTAMANTE ABEL QUEVEDO NOLASCO (2011, [Artículo])

Las redes neuronales artificiales representan un vasto campo de investigación, puesto que han demostrado tener aplicación en varios campos de la ciencia, su capacidad de lidiar con no linealidades en diversos fenómenos, y los diferentes trabajos realizados en la estimación y/o pronóstico para predecir variables climáticas, que inciden directa e indirectamente en la evapotranspiración de referencia y la propia evapotranspiración ha originado el desarrollo de este trabajo. El objetivo fue presentar una revisión de literatura sobre redes neuronales artificiales, para la estimación de la evapotranspiración de referencia y variables relacionadas, que incluye: la teoría y fundamentos de las redes neuronales artificiales y el algoritmo backpropagation; algunas similitudes y diferencias entre los modelos estadísticos tradicionales y las redes neuronales artificiales; aplicaciones de las redes neuronales artificiales en la estimación de la evapotranspiración de referencia; y variables que se asocian con las perspectivas de las redes neuronales artificiales en la predicción de variables agroclimáticas

Evapotranspiración Redes neuronales artificiales Predicción INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Classification of Cucumber Leaves Based on Nitrogen Content Using the Hyperspectral Imaging Technique and Majority Voting.

Sajad Sabzi Razieh Pourdarbani Mohammad Hossein Rohban Alejandro Fuentes_Penna José Luis Hernández-Hernández Mario Hernández Hernández (2021, [Artículo])

Improper usage of nitrogen in cucumber cultivation causes nitrate accumulation in the fruit and results in food poisoning in humans; therefore, mandatory evaluation of food products becomes inevitable. Hyperspectral imaging has a very good ability to evaluate the quality of fruits and vegetables in a non-destructive manner. The goal of the present paper was to identify excess nitrogen in cucumber plants. To obtain a reliable result, the majority voting method was used, which takes into account the unanimity of five classifiers, namely, the hybrid artificial neural network¿imperialism competitive algorithm (ANN-ICA), the hybrid artificial neural network¿harmonic search (ANN-HS) algorithm, linear discrimination analysis (LDA), the radial basis function network (RBF), and the Knearest- neighborhood (KNN). The wavelengths of 723, 781, and 901 nm were determined as optimal wavelengths using the hybrid artificial neural network¿biogeography-based optimization (ANNBBO) algorithm, and the performance of classifiers was investigated using the optimal spectrum. The results of a t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the precision of the algorithm when using the optimal wavelengths and wavelengths of the whole range. The correct classification rate of the classifiers ANN-ICA, ANN-HS, LDA, RBF, and KNN were 96.14%, 96.11%, 95.73%, 64.03%, and 95.24%, respectively. The correct classification rate of majority voting (MV) was 95.55% for test data in 200 iterations, which indicates the system was successful in distinguishing nitrogen-rich leaves from leaves with a standard content of nitrogen.

artificial neural network cucumber hyperspectral imaging majority voting nitrogen INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ALIMENTOS

Rapid effects of marine reserves via larval dispersal

Richard Cudney Bueno (2009, [Artículo])

Marine reserves have been advocated worldwide as conservation and fishery management tools. It is argued that they can protect ecosystems and also benefit fisheries via density-dependent spillover of adults and enhanced larval dispersal into fishing areas. However, while evidence has shown that marine reserves can meet conservation targets, their effects on fisheries are less understood. In particular, the basic question of if and over what temporal and spatial scales reserves can benefit fished populations via larval dispersal remains unanswered. We tested predictions of a larval transport model for a marine reserve network in the Gulf of California, Mexico, via field oceanography and repeated density counts of recently settled juvenile commercial mollusks before and after reserve establishment. We show that local retention of larvae within a reserve network can take place with enhanced, but spatially-explicit, recruitment to local fisheries. Enhancement occurred rapidly (2 yrs), with up to a three-fold increase in density of juveniles found in fished areas at the downstream edge of the reserve network, but other fishing areas within the network were unaffected. These findings were consistent with our model predictions. Our findings underscore the potential benefits of protecting larval sources and show that enhancement in recruitment can be manifested rapidly. However, benefits can be markedly variable within a local seascape. Hence, effects of marine reserve networks, positive or negative, may be overlooked when only focusing on overall responses and not considering finer spatially-explicit responses within a reserve network and its adjacent fishing grounds. Our results therefore call for future research on marine reserves that addresses this variability in order to help frame appropriate scenarios for the spatial management scales of interest. © 2009 Cudney-Bueno et al.

article, environmental monitoring, fishery, larva, marine environment, marine species, Mexico, mollusc, nonhuman, oceanography, prediction, animal, biology, environmental protection, food industry, geography, growth, development and aging, larva, met CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Suppression of breast tumor growth and metastasis by an engineered transcription factor

Adriana Beltran Lopez (2011, [Artículo])

Maspin is a tumor and metastasis suppressor playing an essential role as gatekeeper of tumor progression. It is highly expressed in epithelial cells but is silenced in the onset of metastatic disease by epigenetic mechanisms. Reprogramming of Maspin epigenetic silencing offers a therapeutic potential to lock metastatic progression. Herein we have investigated the ability of the Artificial Transcription Factor 126 (ATF-126) designed to upregulate the Maspin promoter to inhibit tumor progression in pre-established breast tumors in immunodeficient mice. ATF-126 was transduced in the aggressive, mesenchymal-like and triple negative breast cancer line, MDA-MB-231. Induction of ATF expression in vivo by Doxycycline resulted in 50% reduction in tumor growth and totally abolished tumor cell colonization. Genome-wide transcriptional profiles of ATF-induced cells revealed a gene signature that was found over-represented in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) "Normal-like" intrinsic subtype of breast cancer and in poorly aggressive, ER+ luminal A breast cancer cell lines. The comparison transcriptional profiles of ATF-126 and Maspin cDNA defined an overlapping 19-gene signature, comprising novel targets downstream the Maspin signaling cascade. Our data suggest that Maspin up-regulates downstream tumor and metastasis suppressor genes that are silenced in breast cancers, and are normally expressed in the neural system, including CARNS1, SLC8A2 and DACT3. In addition, ATF-126 and Maspin cDNA induction led to the re-activation of tumor suppressive miRNAs also expressed in neural cells, such as miR-1 and miR-34, and to the down-regulation of potential oncogenic miRNAs, such as miR-10b, miR-124, and miR-363. As expected from its over-representation in ER+ tumors, the ATF-126-gene signature predicted favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. Our results describe for the first time an ATF able to reduce tumor growth and metastatic colonization by epigenetic reactivation of a dormant, normal-like, and more differentiated gene program. © 2011 Beltran et al.

artificial transcription factor 126, complementary DNA, doxycycline, estrogen receptor, maspin, microRNA, retrovirus vector, transcription factor, unclassified drug, estrogen receptor, serine proteinase inhibitor, SERPIN B5, SERPIN-B5, transcription BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)