Synthesis of Ferroelectric and Multiferroics Thin films of BiMnO3/ SrTiO3 and Structural, Piezoelectric, Magnetic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties Characterization

Glory Valentine Umoh (2022, [Tesis de doctorado])

Multiferroic characteristics of BiMnO3 thin films offer great prospects to explore, either

in terms of ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, or ferroelasticity. Ferroelectric and

ferromagnetic materials can be used in data storage due to their electrical and magnetic

properties. Ferroelastic can find its application in microelectromechanical systems

devices. This dissertation focused on the synthesis, characterization, and improvement of

the multiferroic properties of polycrystalline BiMnO3 thin films as well as the elaboration

influence of Cu on the magnetism of BiMnO3 thin films. BiMnO3 films were grown on

three different substrates, Si (001), Pt-buffered Si (001), Nb-doped SrTiO3 (100), and also

doped with different amounts of Cu. The films were characterized using techniques such

as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), HRTEM

observations, by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy

(AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Visible-near-IR

spectroscopy (Vis-NIR), electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS), nanoindenter,

superconductor quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, and finally, the

polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops of the BiMnO3 thin films were conducted

at 200 and 300 K. There are several studies on the growth of thin films, however, they are

not clear and in some cases contradictory, therefore, different parameters were controlled

during the deposition in terms of working pressure, RF power, substrate, deposition

10

temperature, and target to substrate distance. After deposition ex-situ thermal treatment

was carried out in order to compensate for the volatility of bismuth and also to eliminate

secondary phase.

Kramer’s–Krӧnig analysis was used to determine bandgap, via a polynomial fit in the

energy loss function (ELF) plot with an Eg = 1.63 eV, complex dielectric function, and

static dielectric constant, ε* = 4.68 of the grown BiMnO3 thin films. The reflection

coefficient Ґl of the BiMnO3 thin films was used to elucidate the reflection loss in the

BiMnO3 thin films. XPS analysis revealed the existence of Mn charge transition of 3+

and 4+ states. Resistivity result describes BIMnO3 as a semiconductor. The

nanomechanical characterization demonstrated that the region of penetration depth was

below 10% of BiMnO3 film thickness. Young's modulus (E), hardness (H), and Stiffness

(S) were measured to be 142 ± 3 GPa, 8 ± 0.2 GPa, and 44072 ± 45 N/m respec

SÍNTESIS DE MATERIALES Materiales Multiferroicos CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES FÍSICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Multispectral-derived genotypic similarities from budget cameras allow grain yield prediction and genomic selection augmentation in single and multi-environment scenarios in spring wheat

Jose Crossa Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez Morten Lillemo (2024, [Artículo])

Multispectral Imaging Grain Yield Genomic Prediction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GRAIN YIELDS HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING SPRING WHEAT

Do provisioning ecosystem services change along gradients of increasing agricultural production?

Ronju Ahammad Stephanie Tomscha Sarah Gergel Frédéric Baudron Jean-Yves Duriaux Chavarría Samson Foli Dominic Rowland Josh Van Vianen Terence Sunderland (2024, [Artículo])

Context: Increasing agricultural production shapes the flow of ecosystem services (ES), including provisioning services that support the livelihoods and nutrition of people in tropical developing countries. Although our broad understanding of the social-ecological consequences of agricultural intensification is growing, how it impacts provisioning ES is still unknown. Objectives: We examined the household use of provisioning ES across a gradient of increasing agricultural production in seven tropical countries (Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nicaragua and Zambia). We answered two overarching questions: (1) does the use of provisioning ES differ along gradients of agriculture production ranging from zones of subsistence to moderate and to high agriculture production? and (2) are there synergies and/or trade-offs within and among groups of ES within these zones? Methods: Using structured surveys, we asked 1900 households about their assets, livestock, crops, and collection of forest products. These questions allowed us to assess the number of provisioning ES households used, and whether the ES used are functionally substitutable (i.e., used similarly for nutrition, material, and energy). Finally, we explored synergies and trade-offs among household use of provisioning ES. Results: As agricultural production increased, provisioning ES declined both in total number and in different functional groups used. We found more severe decreases in ES for relatively poorer households. Within the functional groups of ES, synergistic relationships were more often found than trade-offs in all zones, including significant synergies among livestock products (dairy, eggs, meat) and fruits. Conclusions: Considering landscape context provides opportunities to enhance synergies among provisioning services for households, supporting resilient food systems and human well-being.

Agricultural Production Zones Agricultural Intensifcation Synergies and Trade-Offs Landscape Multifunctionality Social-Ecological Systems CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE INTENSIFICATION ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LANDSCAPE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Interculturalidad. Diversidad de Diversidades

IRVING SAMADHI AGUILAR ROCHA (2023, [Libro])

Esta obra sobre interculturalidad y diversidades parte de un contexto universal, es decir, se enmarca en los procesos de globalización del presente siglo XXI. Uno de los debates sostenidos al interior del campo filosófico y de las ciencias sociales, se concentra en las formas de construir un diálogo intercultural capaz de superar fundamentalismos políticos, ideológicos, étnicos y religiosos.

Las perspectivas para abordar el tema son diversas y se plantean desde problemáticas diferentes; por ejemplo, la reproducción de diferentes prácticas socioculturales a distintas escalas, la organización de las actividades contemporáneas comunes a todos, las interacciones entre distintos actores y países. En todas ellas, la interculturalidad, entendida como un diálogo, implica relaciones conflictivas. Los conflictos, desde diferentes enfoques, producen cambios sociales y, además, se interiorizan a nivel emocional.

Este libro pone en evidencia, a través de las diferentes investigaciones aquí reunidas, las situaciones de opresión y resistencia histórica, cultural y socioeconómica existentes en las sociedades. El carácter de las propuestas es crítico, debido al acercamiento a diversas posturas teóricas planteadas en contextos problemáticos y por mostrar conflictos de intereses políticos y económicos, individuales y grupales. En este sentido, se parte de marcos teóricos que posibiliten los discursos sobre lo diverso.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA Pluralismo cultural, Multiculturalismo ,Sociología

Cálculo del tensor dieléctrico efectivo de medios anisotrópicos granulados

Calculation of the effective dielectric tensor of granular anisotropic media

Carlos Enrique Román Velázquez (1999, [Tesis de doctorado])

En este trabajo nos hemos dedicado al problema del cálculo de la respuesta dieléctrica de sistemas formados por partículas anisotrópicas. Desarrollamos dos enfoques que aplicamos a dos distintos tipos de sistemas. En el primero, dentro de la aproximación dipolar, desarrollamos un formalismo para el cálculo del tensor dieléctrico efectivo de un medio compuesto granular con partículas anisotrópicas. Esto se hace dentro de la Aproximación de Campo Medio (ACM) basados en un modelo estadístico microscópico del material. Siguiendo un desarrollo riguroso, justificado en todo momento, desarrollamos una extensión de la ACM para este tipo de materiales. Esto nos ha permitido obtener correcciones al tensor dieléctrico efectivo al considerar correlaciones orientación-posición de las partículas, que son despreciadas usualmente en el método de cálculo de la ACM. Uno de los objetivos en esta parte es presentar una alternativa a los modelos fenomenológicos basados en la extensión de la ecuación de Maxwell Garnett o del método de Lorentz tomados de la teoría de la respuesta dieléctrica de medios con inclusiones isotrópicas. Por otra parte, lo riguroso de nuestro formalismo nos permite resolver controversias existentes entre los resultados de otros modelos no suficientemente justificados. En un segundo enfoque desarrollamos una representación espectral multipolar de la respuesta dieléctrica efectiva de un medio constituido por partículas esferoidales con tamaños, posiciones y orientaciones arbitrarias. Esta representación permite determinar la respuesta del sistema directamente de sus propiedades geométricas. Este método lo hemos aplicado a dos importantes sistemas de partículas anisotrópicas de geometría restringida. En el primero de ellos calculamos la polarizabilidad efectiva de una partícula esferoidal situada sobre un sustrato. En este caso la representación espectral de la respuesta dieléctrica nos ha permitido desarrollar un estudio sistemático de las propiedades ópticas de este sistema y determinar la importancia de las contribuciones multipolares en la respuesta del sistema como función de la forma de la partícula, su distancia al sustrato, y las propiedades dieléctricas del sustrato y el medio en que está inmersa. Aplicamos este...

esferoides, dieléctrico, multipolo CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES FÍSICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES FÍSICAS

Epistasis activation contributes substantially to heterosis in temperate by tropical maize hybrids

Liu Xiaogang Yunbi Xu (2022, [Artículo])

Genome-Wide Association Study Epistatic Effects Protein Interaction Multiple-Hybrid Population CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA HETEROSIS MAIZE PROTEINS HYBRIDS

Calibrated multi-model ensemble seasonal prediction of Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall

Nachiketa Acharya Carlo Montes Timothy Joseph Krupnik (2023, [Artículo])

Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall (BSMR), typically from June through September (JJAS), represents the main source of water for multiple sectors. However, its high spatial and interannual variability makes the seasonal prediction of BSMR crucial for building resilience to natural disasters and for food security in a climate-risk-prone country. This study describes the development and implementation of an objective system for the seasonal forecasting of BSMR, recently adopted by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). The approach is based on the use of a calibrated multi-model ensemble (CMME) of seven state-of-the-art general circulation models (GCMs) from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble project. The lead-1 (initial conditions of May for forecasting JJAS total rainfall) hindcasts (spanning 1982–2010) and forecasts (spanning 2011–2018) of seasonal total rainfall for the JJAS season from these seven GCMs were used. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) regression is used to calibrate the raw GCMs outputs against observations, which are then combined with equal weight to generate final CMME predictions. Results show, compared to individual calibrated GCMs and uncalibrated MME, that the CCA-based calibration generates significant improvements over individual raw GCM in terms of the magnitude of systematic errors, Spearman's correlation coefficients, and generalised discrimination scores over most of Bangladesh areas, especially in the northern part of the country. Since October 2019, the BMD has been issuing real-time seasonal rainfall forecasts using this new forecast system.

Multi-Model Ensemble Seasonal Forecasting CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE SERVICES FORECASTING MONSOONS

Genomic selection: A tool for accelerating the efficiency of molecular breeding for development of climate-resilient crops

UTTAM KUMAR Rajeev Ranjan Kumar Philomin Juliana Sundeep Kumar (2022, [Artículo])

Genomic Selection Single-Trait Genomic Selection Multi-Trait Genomic Selection Genomic Estimated Breeding Value Climate-Resilient Crops CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION CLIMATE CHANGE STRESS CLIMATE RESILIENCE CROPS ABIOTIC STRESS BIOTIC STRESS

Gender, rainfall endowment, and farmers’ heterogeneity in wheat trait preferences in Ethiopia

Hom Nath Gartaula Moti Jaleta (2024, [Artículo])

Wheat is a vital cereal crop for smallholders in Ethiopia. Despite over fifty years of research on wheat varietal development, consideration of gendered trait preferences in developing target product profiles for wheat breeding is limited. To address this gap, our study used sex-disaggregated survey data and historical rainfall trends from the major wheat-growing regions in Ethiopia. The findings indicated heterogeneity in trait preferences based on gender and rainfall endowment. Men respondents tended to prefer wheat traits with high straw yield and disease-resistance potential, while women showed a greater appreciation for wheat traits related to good taste and cooking quality. Farmers in high rainfall areas seemed to prioritize high straw yield and disease resistance traits, while those in low rainfall areas valued good adaptation traits more highly. Most of the correlation coefficients among the preferred traits were positive, indicating that farmers seek wheat varieties with traits that serve multiple purposes. Understanding men's and women's preferences and incorporating them in breeding and seed systems could contribute to the development of more targeted and effective wheat varieties that meet the diverse needs of men and women farmers in Ethiopia.

Trait Preferences Multivariate Probit Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS GENDER RAINFALL PROBIT ANALYSIS

Genome-wide association study of common resistance to rust species in tetraploid wheat

Daniela Marone Anna Maria Mastrangelo Karim Ammar Filippo Maria Bassi Meinan Wang Xianming Chen Diego Rubiales Oadi Matny Brian Steffenson (2024, [Artículo])

Wheat Rusts Tetraploid Wheat Multi-Location Trials CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI TETRAPLOIDY WHEAT RUSTS GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES