Genome-wide association analysis of tan spot disease resistance in durum wheat accessions from Tunisia

marwa laribi Sarrah Ben M'barek Carolina Sansaloni Susanne Dreisigacker (2023, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DISEASE RESISTANCE HARD WHEAT GENETIC DIVERSITY GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES LANDRACES POPULATION STRUCTURE

Exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of wheat landrace population conserved at ICARDA genebank

Muhammad Massub Tehseen Fatma Aykut Tonk Ahmed Amri Carolina Sansaloni Ezgi Kurtulus Muhammad Salman Mubarik Kumarse Nazari (2022, [Artículo])

Wheat Landraces Genetic Diversity SNP Markers Analysis of Molecular Variance AMOVA CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BREEDING DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS GENETIC VARIATION GENETIC DISTANCE GENETIC IMPROVEMENT GENETIC MARKERS HEXAPLOIDY LANDRACES POPULATION STRUCTURE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM TRITICUM AESTIVUM WHEAT

Vermifiltración para tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales y municipales

Lina Cardoso MERCEDES ESPERANZA RAMIREZ CAMPEROS Marco Antonio Garzón-Zúñiga (2011, [Documento de trabajo])

En la ciudad de Cuernavaca existen más de 38 barrancas con un promedio de 8 a 15 km de longitud. En todo el municipio, que comprenden además de la capital del estado, poblados como Ahuatepec, Ocotepec, Santa María, Tetela del Monte o Chipitlán, el número asciende a 80 barrancas. Las barrancas son usadas como drenajes por las comunidades asentadas en las laderas y en las cercanías de los márgenes de las mismas y se utilizan como tiraderos de desechos al aire libre. Se propone el uso de una tecnología de innovación como es la vermifiltración para el tratamiento del agua residual de casas habitación y pequeñas unidades habitacionales que descargan a barrancas y apantles donde no se pueden construir drenajes municipales convencionales. Además, esta tecnología también puede ser utilizada para pequeños efluentes industriales (Q<1 L s-1) lo cual servirá para reducir la toxicidad de sus descargas.

Tratamiento de aguas residuales Efluentes industriales Efluentes domésticos Vermifiltración Informes de proyectos Morelos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Diversidad y precariedad laboral: el trabajo doméstico de mujeres indígenas en municipios de Chihuahua, México

Juan Jaime Loera Gonzalez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

El presente artículo tiene como objeto presentar descriptivamente expresiones etnográficas de la diversidad de estrategias laborales de mujeres indígenas (fundamentalmente Rarámuri) en ámbitos semi-rurales en los municipios de Delicias, Rosales y Meoqui en el Estado de Chihuahua. Específicamente, el artículo aborda el papel que juega el trabajo doméstico realizado por mujeres indígenas como opción y estrategia laboral en contextos de precariedad y desigualdad social y económica.

Trabajo doméstico Pueblos indígenas Desigualdad CIENCIAS SOCIALES; HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS SOCIALES HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Genetic diversity and genome-wide association study for the phenology response of winter wheats of North America, Western Asia, and Europe

Susanne Dreisigacker Marta Lopes Miguel Sanchez-Garcia (2023, [Artículo])

Winter Wheat Panel Precision Phenology Effective Markers CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENETIC DIVERSITY (AS RESOURCE) GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES PHENOLOGY PHOTOPERIODICITY POPULATION STRUCTURE VERNALIZATION WINTER WHEAT

Women, economic resilience, gender norms in a time of climate change: what do we know?

Cathy Farnworth Anne Rietveld Rachel Voss Angela Meentzen (2023, [Artículo])

This literature delves into 82 research articles, published between 2016 and 2022, to develop a deep understanding of how women manage their lives and livelihoods within their agrifood systems when these systems are being affected, sometimes devastatingly, by climate change. The Findings show that four core gender norms affect the ability of women to achieve economic resilience in the face of climate change operate in agrifood production systems. Each of these gender norms speaks to male privilege: (i) Men are primary decision-makers, (ii) Men are breadwinners, (iii) Men control assets, and (iv) Men are food system actors. These gender norms are widely held and challenge women’s abilities to become economically resilient. These norms are made more powerful still because they fuse with each other and act on multiple levels, and they serve to support other norms which limit women’s scope to act. It is particularly noteworthy that many institutional actors, ranging from community decision-makers to development partners, tend to reinforce rather than challenge gender norms because they do not critically review their own assumptions.

However, the four gender norms cited are not hegemonic. First, there is limited and intriguing evidence that intersectional identities can influence women’s resilience in significant ways. Second, gender norms governing women’s roles and power in agrifood systems are changing in response to climate change and other forces, with implications for how women respond to future climate shocks. Third, paying attention to local realities is important – behaviours do not necessarily substantiate local norms. Fourth, women experience strong support from other women in savings groups, religious organisations, reciprocal labour, and others. Fifth, critical moments, such as climate disasters, offer potentially pivotal moments of change which could permit women unusually high levels of agency to overcome restrictive gender norms without being negatively sanctioned. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

Economic Resilience Intersectional Identities Women Groups Support CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ECONOMICS RESILIENCE CLIMATE CHANGE GENDER NORMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS WOMEN

Product development for Eastern Africa: EA-PP1

&

EA-PP2

Berhanu Tadesse Ertiro Aparna Das Yoseph Beyene Dan Makumbi Manje Gowda Suresh L.M. Anani Bruce Walter Chivasa Vijay Chaikam Juan Burgueño Prasanna Boddupalli (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TESTING DATA MAIZE

Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize

C.M. Parihar Hari Sankar Nayak Dipaka Ranjan Sena Renu Pandey Mahesh Gathala ML JAT (2023, [Artículo])

The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and 30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to enhance the system adaptability.

Net Returns Subsurface Drip Irrigation Subsurface Drip Fertigation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA EFFICIENCY GRAIN NITROGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSIOLOGY WATER SUPPLY CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FERTIGATION GROUNDWATER NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY WATER PRODUCTIVITY

Regional analysis of the wage discrimination in the indigenous workers in Mexico

Christian De la Luz-Tovar SIBYL ITALIA PINEDA SALAZAR (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The objective of this research is to estimate and decompose the wage gap between indigenous and non-indigenous workers by region in Mexico, to examine whether there are regional differences in the existing wage inequality that a priori affects the indigenous population and whether these differences can be attributed to the job profile of this group or by systematic labor discrimination against them. Using the data from the 2018 National Household Expenditure Revenue Survey (ENIGH-N) and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it was found that indigenous workers face a wage gap in all regions of the county. But, this gap is more pronounced in the center and south regions, where, on average, the associated component with labor discrimination has a percentage greater than 56. In contrast, in the north-central and northern regions of Mexico, the residual component is on average less than 33%, which suggests that the wage gap is explained by differences in productivity between groups.                         

Labor economics Ethnicity wage gap Indigenous population Regions Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition Economía laboral Brecha salarial étnica Población indígena Regiones Descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Análisis espectral de consumo doméstico de agua potable

Felipe Arreguin ALVARO ALBERTO ALDAMA RODRIGUEZ Velitchko Tzatchkov VICTOR HUGO ALCOCER YAMANAKA HECTOR ALEXIS ESPINOSA GAYOSSO (2009, [Artículo])

Una de las variables con mayor incertidumbre en su comportamiento dentro del análisis hidráulico de las redes de agua potable es el consumo de agua proveniente de los usuarios. Recientemente, se ha demostrado que el consumo en el ámbito domiciliario tiene un carácter estocástico y se han desarrollado diferentes metodologías que intentan representar esta variable. Sin embargo, no es posible definir con exactitud dos situaciones: 1) el grado de información que se pierde al muestrear la señal con cierto intervalo de registro y la posible presencia de enmascaramiento (aliasing); y 2) la frontera (rango) en el tiempo, en el cual pueden aplicarse estos procesos de agregación y desagregación temporal. El proceso basado en el análisis de Fourier se puede aplicar como herramienta de desagregación temporal y obtener el intervalo de registro óptimo de medición en campo. A partir de la metodología, se obtuvo que el rango de aplicación del esquema está entre los 240 y 1 segundos. En otras palabras, es posible medir con intervalo de registro hasta 240 segundos y recuperar información con intervalo de registro de un segundo. El método se validó con mediciones en campo de consumo doméstico realizadas en una ciudad mexicana.

Análisis espectral Consumo doméstico de agua Modelos estocásticos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA