Impact of different on-farm management practices on bread wheat quality: a case study in the Yaqui Valley

Facundo Tabbita Iván Ortíz-Monasterios Francisco Javier Pinera-Chavez Maria Itria Ibba Carlos Guzman (2023, [Artículo])

BACKGROUND: Continuous development of new wheat varieties is necessary to satisfy the demands of farmers, industry, and consumers. The evaluation of candidate genotypes for commercial release under different on-farm conditions is a strategy that has been strongly recommended to assess the performance and stability of new cultivars in heterogeneous environments and under different farming systems. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the grain yield and quality performance of ten different genotypes across six contrasting farmers' field conditions with different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization levels, and to develop suggestions to aid breeding programs and farmers to use resources more efficiently. Genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) interaction biplot analyses were used to identify the genotypes with the strongest performance and greatest stability in the Yaqui Valley. RESULTS: Analyses showed that some traits were mainly explained by the genotype effect, others by the field management conditions, and the rest by combined effects. The most representative and diverse field conditions in the Yaqui Valley were also identified, a useful strategy when breeders have limited resources. The independent effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels and their interaction were analyzed for each trait. The results showed that full irrigation was not always necessary to maximize grain yield in the Yaqui Valley. Other suggestions for more efficient use of resources are proposed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of on-farm trials with GGE interaction analyses is an effective strategy to include in breeding programs to improve processes and resources. Identifying the most outstanding and stable genotypes under real on-farm systems is key to the development of novel cultivars adapted to different management and environmental conditions.

Wheat Quality Bread Wheat Bread-Making CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SOFT WHEAT QUALITY FARMING SYSTEMS

Agroecology can promote climate change adaptation outcomes without compromising yield in smallholder systems

Sieglinde Snapp Yodit Kebede Eva Wollenberg (2023, [Artículo])

A critical question is whether agroecology can promote climate change mitigation and adaptation outcomes without compromising food security. We assessed the outcomes of smallholder agricultural systems and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) against 35 mitigation, adaptation, and yield indicators by reviewing 50 articles with 77 cases of agroecological treatments relative to a baseline of conventional practices. Crop yields were higher for 63% of cases reporting yields. Crop diversity, income diversity, net income, reduced income variability, nutrient regulation, and reduced pest infestation, indicators of adaptative capacity, were associated with 70% or more of cases. Limited information on climate change mitigation, such as greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration impacts, was available. Overall, the evidence indicates that use of organic nutrient sources, diversifying systems with legumes and integrated pest management lead to climate change adaptation in multiple contexts. Landscape mosaics, biological control (e.g., enhancement of beneficial organisms) and field sanitation measures do not yet have sufficient evidence based on this review. Widespread adoption of agroecological practices and system transformations shows promise to contribute to climate change services and food security in LMICs. Gaps in adaptation and mitigation strategies and areas for policy and research interventions are finally discussed.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE CROPS FOOD SUPPLY GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES FARMING SYSTEMS AGROECOLOGY FOOD SECURITY LESS FAVOURED AREAS SMALLHOLDERS YIELDS NUTRIENTS BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL CARBON SEQUESTRATION LEGUMES

La construcción social del indígena en espacios urbanos latinoamericanos

Patricio Barrientos Pereira (2005, [Tesis de doctorado])

Lo que van a leer en las siguientes páginas, básicamente es un ejercicio de carácter teórico y etnográfico, donde se busca plasmar aspectos del mundo indígena urbano en relación con el entorno social vigente en ciudades como Guadalajara y Santiago. Originalmente partió como un trabajo etnográfico, pero al paso del tiempo y de las dudas que iban surgiendo, se transformó en un intento de visualizar el proceso de la construcción de la nación vigente en Chile y México...

Migración Rural-Urbana Desarrollo de la Comunidad Estructura Social Etnología HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA ANTROPOLOGÍA ETNOGRAFÍA Y ETNOLOGÍA ETNOGRAFÍA Y ETNOLOGÍA

Innovative approaches to integrating gender into conventional maize breeding: lessons from the Seed Production Technology for Africa project

Rachel Voss Jill Cairns Michael Olsen Esnath Tatenda Hamadziripi (2023, [Artículo])

The integration of gender concerns in crop breeding programs aims to improve the suitability and appeal of new varieties to both women and men, in response to concerns about unequal adoption of improved seed. However, few conventional breeding programs have sought to center social inclusion concerns. This community case study documents efforts to integrate gender into the maize-focused Seed Production Technology for Africa (SPTA) project using innovation history analysis drawing on project documents and the authors’ experiences. These efforts included deliberate exploration of potential gendered impacts of project technologies and innovations in the project’s approach to variety evaluation, culminating in the use of decentralized on-farm trials using the tricot approach. Through this case study, we illustrate the power of active and respectful collaborations between breeders and social scientists, spurred by donor mandates to address gender and social inclusion. Gender integration in this case was further facilitated by open-minded project leaders and allocation of funding for gender research. SPTA proved to be fertile ground for experimentation and interdisciplinary collaboration around gender and maize breeding, and has provided proof of concept for larger breeding projects seeking to integrate gender considerations.

Crop Breeding On-Farm Trials Tricot CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER CROPS BREEDING ON-FARM RESEARCH SOCIAL INCLUSION CITIZEN SCIENCE MAIZE

Agricultural value chains in Sudan: an annotated bibliography

Hugo De Groote Paswel Marenya (2023, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAINS CASH CROPS FOOD CROPS LIVESTOCK SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS GENDER SOCIAL INCLUSION POSTHARVEST LOSSES BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Estrategia de atención para la introducción de agua potable y saneamiento en comunidades rurales dispersas

EDUARDO LOPEZ RAMIREZ Gemma Millán ROBERTO ROMERO PEREZ RICARDO VICTOR LOPEZ MERA JOSE LUIS MARTINEZ RUIZ Denise Soares (2017, [Documento de trabajo])

El objetivo del presente proyecto ha sido generar una propuesta de política pública que permita el diseño, la elaboración e implementación de acciones para dotar, en el corto plazo, de agua potable a comunidades rurales dispersas en México y que sea acorde al entorno social y ambiental de éstas. El proyecto asume que la identificación, cuantificación, caracterización y análisis de las localidades rurales dispersas, así como el conocimiento de sus condiciones sociales, culturales y económicas, posibilite elaborar una política pública de atención, basada en el conocimiento de su entorno social y ambiental, que permita dotar de mejores servicios de agua potable a dichas localidades. El presente estudio inició con el primer momento de la política pública, es decir “el diseño”, el cual necesariamente debe realizarse a partir de un diagnóstico del problema que se desea resolver (en este caso la situación de las localidades rurales dispersas).

Abastecimiento de agua Seguridad hídrica Factores socioeconómicos Zonas rurales CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Estrategias para la adopción social de tecnologías de agua y saneamiento

ROBERTO ROMERO PEREZ DENISE SOARES Gemma Millán Rita Vázquez del Mercado Arribas EDUARDO LOPEZ RAMIREZ (2015, [Documento de trabajo])

En materia de agua, según los datos de INEGI, aún hay 9.5 millones de personas sin acceso a este servicio. Si a esta población, la que carecen totalmente de infraestructura hidráulica, se suman los hogares que no disponen de agua dentro de su vivienda (tienen el servicio en la comunidad, pero fuera del terreno de la vivienda), la cifra aumenta a 25 millones de personas. Para contar con el vital líquido estas personas deben acarrear el agua de alguna forma y muchas veces desde grandes distancias. Para salvar este obstáculo y aspirar a lograr una cobertura plena de los servicios de agua potable y saneamiento de estas comunidades, se deben impulsar estrategias de implementación de los programas sociales, donde las comunidades participen en todas las etapas de los proyectos, además de privilegiarse la utilización de tecnologías alternativas o apropiadas. El éxito de este tipo de iniciativas, además del bajo costo y la facilidad en la operación de las tecnologías, ha sido el involucramiento de las propias comunidades en el proceso de diseño, construcción, operación y mantenimiento de las tecnologías. En este documento se revisan los lineamientos, las reglas de operación, las estrategias y metodologías de implementación, evaluación y seguimiento que emplean los programas gubernamentales y organizaciones sociales. Se trata de identificar los factores que intervienen para determinar el éxito o el fracaso de los programas de agua y saneamiento. El objetivo principal es, conocer los programas gubernamentales y de organizaciones de la sociedad civil que atienden la cobertura de agua y saneamiento en comunidades rurales, y, mediante la realización de tres estudios de caso, identificar los factores de éxito y fracaso en la adopción social de tecnologías instaladas. Con los resultados alcanzados se elaboraron recomendaciones para que los programas sociales puedan facilitar la adopción social de tecnologías hídricas.

Abastecimiento de agua Saneamiento Tecnología apropiada Zonas rurales Programas gubernamentales CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Implementing the nature's contributions framework: A case study based on farm typologies in small-scale agroecosystems from the Mexico highlands

Laura Alicia Rodríguez-Bustos natalia palacios rojas (2023, [Artículo])

Small-Scale Agriculture MasAgro CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE POLICIES AGROECOSYSTEMS SMALL SCALE FARMING

Agroecology and systems analysis for sustainable agriculture

Santiago Lopez-Ridaura (2022, [Artículo])

Multi-Criteria Tradeoffs Synergies CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGROECOLOGY INDICATORS SUSTAINABILITY FARMING SYSTEMS

Situated learning through local stories: positioning socio-ecological concerns, knowledge and practices in school

Rosa Guadalupe Mendoza Zuany Juan Carlos A. Sandoval Rivera Paula Martínez Bautista (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The article analyzes the importance of the local stories, which contain concerns, knowledge and practices to look after the socio-ecological environment, to trigger situated and pertinent teaching and learning processes in primary education in rural and indigenous contexts in Veracruz, Mexico. In particular, it focuses on the stories about care in the framework of a deep socio-ecological crisis in two Nahua communities of the Huasteca region. Interview-conversations were carried out with community actors in the two communities in which 32 stories emerged. The analysis allowed the identification of socio-ecological concerns of the community, characteristics of the stories that show their potential in the learning processes, as well as types of knowledge and practices that are rarely considered in the classroom, which are capable of being linked to curricular content, in order to contribute to reflection and action on the socio-ecological crisis of the communities.

aprendizaje narración de historias medio ambiente ambiente socio-cultural escuela rural CIENCIAS SOCIALES; HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS SOCIALES HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA Learning story telling environment socio-cultural environment rural school