Repositorio Nacional

Crop residue burning is a common practice in many parts of the world that causes air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Regenerative practices that return residues to the soil offer a ‘no burn’ pathway for addressing air pollution while building soil organic carbon (SOC). Nevertheless, GHG emissions in rice-based agricultural systems are complex and difficult to anticipate, particularly in production contexts with highly variable hydrologic conditions. Here we predict long-term net GHG fluxes for four rice residue management strategies in the context of rice-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India: burning, soil incorporation, livestock fodder, and biochar. Estimations were based on a combination of Tier 1, 2, and 3 modelling approaches, including 100-year DNDC simulations across three representative soil hydrologic categories (i.e., dry, median, and wet). Overall, residue burning resulted in total direct GHG fluxes of 2.5, 6.1, and 8.7 Mg CO2-e in the dry, median, and wet hydrologic categories, respectively. Relative to emissions from burning (positive values indicate an increase) for the same dry to wet hydrologic categories, soil incorporation resulted in a −0.2, 1.8, or 3.1 Mg CO2-e change in emissions whereas use of residues for livestock fodder increased emissions by 2.0, 2.1, or 2.3 Mg CO2-e. Biochar reduced emissions relative to burning by 2.9 Mg CO2-e in all hydrologic categories. This study showed that the production environment has a controlling effect on methane and, therefore, net GHG balance. For example, wetter sites had 2.8–4.0 times greater CH4 emissions, on average, than dry sites when rice residues were returned to the soil. To effectively mitigate burning without undermining climate change mitigation goals, our results suggest that geographically-target approaches should be used in the rice-based systems of Eastern India to incentivize the adoption of regenerative ‘no burn’ residue management practices.

Soil Carbon Rice Residue Burning Life Cycle Assessment CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SOIL CARBON RICE LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE GASES CLIMATE CHANGE

2022 Advanced wheat improvement course: Global wheat rust surveillance

monitoring

David Hodson (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT RUSTS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE NEW TECHNOLOGY REMOTE SENSING

Global rust monitoring

David Hodson (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT RUSTS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE REMOTE SENSING NEW TECHNOLOGY

Status of implementation new tools and technologies in the GMP- EA-PP1 Africa breeding pipeline

Yoseph Beyene Andrew Chavangi Manje Gowda Suresh L.M. Vijay Chaikam Anani Bruce Berhanu Tadesse Ertiro Walter Chivasa Jose Crossa Juan Burgueño Fidelis Owino (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BREEDING MAIZE PHENOTYPING NEW TECHNOLOGY

Polydomus karssenii gen. nov. sp. nov. is a dark septate endophyte with a bifunctional lifestyle parasitising eggs of plant parasitic cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.)

Samad Ashrafi Abdelfattah DABABAT Maria Finckh Marc Stadler Wolfgang Maier (2023, [Artículo])

Plant Parasitic Nematodes Nematode's Egg Parasites CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ENDOPHYTES NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGI NEW SPECIES PHYLOGENY PLANT NEMATODES TAXONOMY

Condiciones de vida, satisfacción y expectativas de futuro en los jóvenes de México, España y Ecuador: Un estudio comparativo

Eduardo Hernandez Laura Nadhielii Alfaro-Beracoechea (2023, [Artículo])

"En este artículo se da cuenta de un análisis comparativo de la percepción de condiciones de vida y expectativas de futuro de jóvenes internautas de México, Ecuador y España. Se efectuó un trabajo observacional, retrospectivo con alcance descriptivo y correlacional, aplicando un cuestionario en línea elaborado por la Red Iberoamericana de Investigación sobre Juventudes (2020). Participaron 937 jóvenes de 17 a 29 años de edad (x = 22.38 D.T. = 3.05). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los países en clima emocional y expectativas, mas no en otros indicadores de condiciones actuales. La obtención de la muestra se limitó a jóvenes internautas de tres países (Ecuador, España y México). Se sugiere invertir en estudios futuros que tengan alcances y diseños orientados a la ampliación de la muestra a jóvenes de otros estratos sociales, así como de otros países de Iberoamérica. Se hace un aporte significativo en la identificación de las relaciones entre variables que explican la percepción de las expectativas de futuro de los jóvenes. Los resultados confirman la manera en que las variables contextuales y de dominios cercanos (personales y comunitarios) dan a conocer la percepción del bienestar por los jóvenes".

Condiciones sociales -- Juventud -- México Adolescencia -- Aspectos sociales -- España Juventud -- Empleo -- Condiciones económicas HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Development and demographic parameters of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) when feeding on rice (Oryza sativa)

Timothy Joseph Krupnik (2023, [Artículo])

Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), native to the Americas, is a polyphagous insect pest feeding on more than 350 plant species. We studied the developmental and demographic parameters of the maize (Zea mays) strain of FAW on rice (Oryza sativa), and compared the results with its prime host, maize. The developmental period from egg to adult among rice varieties did not differ significantly; however, it did differ significantly between rice and maize, as feeding on rice rather than maize extends development duration of FAW larvae by 15.15%. FAW larvae collected and reared on maize were found to be of significantly higher weight than those reared on rice at two sequential dates of their development; pupal weight however was observed as statistically similar between these two host crops. Regardless of the host, female adults always emerged before males; in maize, female FAW appeared 3.36 days earlier than males. Females derived from rice had longer pre-oviposition periods and shorter oviposition ones than those derived from maize. In rice and maize, the age-specific fecundity rate (mx) peaked at 40 days and 33 days, respectively. When the Fall Armyworm consumed maize instead of rice, there was an increase in the reproduction rate (R 0), the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), and the finite rate of increase (λ). For instance, when FAW fed on rice, the rm value was 0.121, whereas it rose to 0.173 when FAW fed on maize. Feeding on rice instead of maize resulted in significantly longer mean length of generation (tG) and doubling time (tD) for the fall armyworm (FAW). This suggests that it took a longer time for the FAW population to double when it was fed rice under controlled greenhouse conditions. In summary, our research suggests that FAW can survive and complete its life cycle on rice plants and on multiple varieties of rice in Bangladesh. However, field verification is necessary before drawing strong conclusions as to the risk posed by FAW in rice. This requires additional studies of FAW and associated insect community dynamics under non-controlled conditions and in the context of multi-species interactions in Asian rice fields.

Invasive Pest Life Table Parameters CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA HOST PLANTS PESTS RICE SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA FALL ARMYWORMS