Gender dynamics of weed management under conservation agriculture: Insights from the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia

Hom Nath Gartaula (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER WEED CONTROL CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE ZERO TILLAGE

Association of specific expansins with growth in maize leaves is maintained under environmental, genetic, and developmental sources of variation

Francois Tardieu (2007, [Artículo])

Environmental Stimuli Expansins CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CELLS CROPS GENETIC ENGINEERING PROTEINS TISSUE EPIDERMIS ZEA MAYS

Weed management and tillage effect on rainfed maize production in three agro-ecologies in Mexico

Simon Fonteyne Abel Jaime Leal González Rausel Ovando Ravi Gopal Singh Nele Verhulst (2022, [Artículo])

Maize (Zea mays L.) is grown in a wide range of agro-ecological environments and production systems across Mexico. Weeds are a major constraint on maize grain yield, but knowledge regarding the best weed management methods is lacking. In many production systems, reducing tillage could lessen land degradation and production costs, but changes in tillage might require changes in weed management. This study evaluated weed dynamics and rainfed maize yield under five weed management treatments (pre-emergence herbicide, post-emergence herbicide, pre-emergence + post-emergence herbicide, manual weed control, and no control) and three tillage methods (conventional, minimum and zero tillage) in three agro-ecologically distinct regions of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in 2016 and 2017. In the temperate Mixteca region, weeds reduced maize grain yields by as much as 92% and the long-growing season required post-emergence weed control, which gave significantly higher yields. In the hot, humid Papaloapan region, weeds reduced maize yields up to 63% and pre-emergence weed control resulted in significantly higher yields than treatments with post-emergence control only. In the semi-arid Valles Centrales region, weeds reduced maize yields by as much as 65%, but weed management was not always effective in increasing maize yield or net profitability. The most effective weed management treatments tended to be similar for the three tillage systems at each site, although weed pressure and the potential yield reduction by weeds tended to be higher under zero tillage than minimum or conventional tillage. No single best option for weed management was found across sites or tillage systems. More research, in which non-chemical methods should not be overlooked, is thus needed to determine the most effective weed management methods for the diverse maize production systems across Mexico.

Corn Integrated Weed Management Manual Weed Control CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE WEED CONTROL MINIMUM TILLAGE ZERO TILLAGE

Spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall and temperature variability and trends for climate resilient maize farming system in major agroecology zones of northwest Ethiopia

Kindie Tesfaye Dereje Ademe Enyew Adgo (2023, [Artículo])

Spatiotemporal studies of the annual and seasonal climate variability and trend on an agroecological spatial scale for establishing a climate-resilient maize farming system have not yet been conducted in Ethiopia. The study was carried out in three major agroecological zones in northwest Ethiopia using climate data from 1987 to 2018. The coefficient of variation (CV), precipitation concertation index (PCI), and rainfall anomaly index (RAI) were used to analyze the variability of rainfall. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were also applied to estimate trends and slopes of changes in rainfall and temperature. High-significance warming trends in the maximum and minimum temperatures were shown in the highland and lowland agroecology zones, respectively. Rainfall has also demonstrated a maximum declining trend throughout the keremt season in the highland agroecology zone. However, rainfall distribution has become more unpredictable in the Bega and Belg seasons. Climate-resilient maize agronomic activities have been determined by analyzing the onset and cessation dates and the length of the growth period (LGP). The rainy season begins between May 8 and June 3 and finishes between October 26 and November 16. The length of the growth period (LGP) during the rainy season ranges from 94 to 229 days.

Climate Trends Spatiotemporal Analysis Agroecology Zone CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGROECOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE VARIABILITY MAIZE

Unsupervised segmentation and clustering time series approach to Southern Africa rainfall regime changes

Lovemore  Chipindu Walter Mupangwa Isaiah Nyagumbo Mainassara Zaman-Allah (2023, [Artículo])

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Facebook Prophet Hidden Markov Model Regression Regression with Hidden Logistic Process CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA COASTAL AREAS SEMIARID ZONES SUBHUMID ZONES RAINFALL CLIMATE CHANGE

Molecular characterization of doubled haploid lines derived from different cycles of the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize population

Jode Edwards Sarah Hearne (2023, [Artículo])

Homozygous Lines CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENETIC DIVERSITY (AS RESOURCE) GENETIC RESOURCES ZEA MAYS GENOTYPING DOUBLED HAPLOIDS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS

Using Sentinel-2 to track field-level tillage practices at regional scales in smallholder systems

Preeti Rao ML JAT Balwinder-Singh Deepak Bijarniya Urs Schulthess Rajbir Singh Meha Jain (2021, [Artículo])

Sentinel-2 Random Forest Google Earth Engine CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SATELLITES ZERO TILLAGE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE SMALLHOLDERS

ANÁLISIS DE PIGMENTOS, PEROXIDASA, PROLINA Y PROTEÍNAS DE TRES ESPECIES DE Paulownia BAJO ESTRES HÍDRICO

ANALYSIS OF PIGMENTS, PEROXIDASE, PROLINE AND PROTEINS OF THREE Paulownia SPECIES UNDER WATER STRESS

José Manuel Llano Sotelo Lilia Alcaráz Meléndez (2012, [Artículo])

"Los árboles del género Paulownia son de rápido crecimiento y tienen importancia económica en Asia como materia prima de uso común en la elaboración de muebles, instrumentos musicales y cercos, lo que ha despertado interés por cultivarlos en diferentes ambientes. Con el objetivo de evaluar la tolerancia al estrés hídrico se eligieron tres especies, P. imperialis, P. fortunei y P. elongata, porque son las que se utilizan en China con mayor frecuencia en la reforestación y en la industria maderera. Se realizaron análisis bioquímicos de las hojas para determinar los siguientes componentes: como pigmentos, a las clorofilas total, a y b; β-caroteno, violaxantina y luteína); las enzimas peroxidasa y prolina, así como proteínas solubles, insolubles y totales en tres diferentes condiciones de humedad del suelo, bajo dos condiciones ambientales, campo e invernadero, entre los cuales se observaron diferencias significativas; destaca un incremento del contenido de pigmentos y peroxidasa, y una disminución de las proteínas y prolina en el ambiente controlado, principalmente. Al evaluar la respuesta al estrés hídrico entre las especies se concluyó que P. imperialis y P. elongata son más tolerantes que P. fortunei, debido a su mayor contenido de prolina, mas proteínas totales y solubles, indicadores de una mejor tolerancia a condiciones de estrés."

"Paulownia trees are fast growing and are economically important in Asia as raw material regularly used for furniture, musical instruments, fences, etc., which rose some interest in their cultivation in different environments. In order to assess water stress tolerance, three of these species, P. imperialis, P. fortunei and P. elongate, were selected as they are the most commonly used in reforestation and wood industry in China. Biochemical analyses were performed in leaves, to determine the following elements: pigments (total, a and b chlorophyll; β-carotene, violaxanthin; lutein), peroxidase, proline, total, soluble and insoluble proteins, under three moisture soil concentrations and two environments, field and greenhouse, the latter of which revealed significant differences between them; there is an increment in pigment and peroxidase content and a decrease in protein and proline content, mainly in the greenhouse environment. When water stress was assessed among species, it was concluded that P. imperialis and P. elongata are more tolerant than P. fortunei because of their higher content of proline, total and soluble proteins, which are major tolerance markers in stress conditions. "

Aminoácidos, luteína, Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu, Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl., Paulownia imperialis Siebold & Zucc., peroxidasa, violaxantina Amino acids BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) FISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL FISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Variabilidad climática en México: algunos impactos hidrológicos, sociales y económicos

IGNACIO SANCHEZ COHEN GABRIEL DIAZ PADILLA WALDO OJEDA BUSTAMANTE IGNACIO ORONA CASTILLO José Villanueva Díaz JOSE LUIS GONZALEZ BARRIOS Guillermo González Cervantes (2008, [Artículo])

El grado de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) está ligado al desarrollo socioeconómico de las naciones acorde con sus esquemas productivos. Bajo la tendencia actual, a corto plazo se espera un acelerado incremento de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera. Para correlacionar el cambio del clima con distintos impactos terrestres, en este trabajo se parte de una descripción del balance de energía, enfatizando la importancia de la presencia de GEI en la atmósfera. Los resultados indican que la agricultura en México ha sufrido impactos negativos de este proceso, en términos de incertidumbre climática, y ha causado, junto con otros factores, la emigración del campo de miles de personas. Las consecuencias del cambio climático son cuantificadas en términos de anomalías de precipitación, disponibilidad de agua y disminución en la producción agrícola de acuerdo con modelos de simulación biológica de procesos bajo diferentes escenarios de producción de gases de efecto invernadero. Se concluye con una propuesta de mecanismos de acción y preguntas por responder mediante el desarrollo de investigación.

Zonas de riego Agricultura de temporal Cambio climático Impacto ambiental CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Do provisioning ecosystem services change along gradients of increasing agricultural production?

Ronju Ahammad Stephanie Tomscha Sarah Gergel Frédéric Baudron Jean-Yves Duriaux Chavarría Samson Foli Dominic Rowland Josh Van Vianen Terence Sunderland (2024, [Artículo])

Context: Increasing agricultural production shapes the flow of ecosystem services (ES), including provisioning services that support the livelihoods and nutrition of people in tropical developing countries. Although our broad understanding of the social-ecological consequences of agricultural intensification is growing, how it impacts provisioning ES is still unknown. Objectives: We examined the household use of provisioning ES across a gradient of increasing agricultural production in seven tropical countries (Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nicaragua and Zambia). We answered two overarching questions: (1) does the use of provisioning ES differ along gradients of agriculture production ranging from zones of subsistence to moderate and to high agriculture production? and (2) are there synergies and/or trade-offs within and among groups of ES within these zones? Methods: Using structured surveys, we asked 1900 households about their assets, livestock, crops, and collection of forest products. These questions allowed us to assess the number of provisioning ES households used, and whether the ES used are functionally substitutable (i.e., used similarly for nutrition, material, and energy). Finally, we explored synergies and trade-offs among household use of provisioning ES. Results: As agricultural production increased, provisioning ES declined both in total number and in different functional groups used. We found more severe decreases in ES for relatively poorer households. Within the functional groups of ES, synergistic relationships were more often found than trade-offs in all zones, including significant synergies among livestock products (dairy, eggs, meat) and fruits. Conclusions: Considering landscape context provides opportunities to enhance synergies among provisioning services for households, supporting resilient food systems and human well-being.

Agricultural Production Zones Agricultural Intensifcation Synergies and Trade-Offs Landscape Multifunctionality Social-Ecological Systems CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE INTENSIFICATION ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LANDSCAPE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES