Cell carbon content and biomass assessments of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico

LORENA PATRICIA LINACRE ROJAS (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

This study assessed the cell carbon content and biomass for genera of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Carbon content estimates were based on biovolume calculations derived from linear dimension measurements of individual cells and the approximate geometric body shape of each genus. Then, biomass assessments were performed for both groups in two gulf regions (Perdido and Coatzacoalcos) using these carbon content factors and cell abundances. After four seasonal cruises, 11,817 cells of dinoflagellates and 3,412 cells of diatoms were analyzed. Diverse body shapes and cell sizes were observed among 46 dinoflagellate genera and 37 diatom genera. Nano-cells of dinoflagellates (68% <20 μm) and micro-cells of diatoms (77% 20–200 μm, mostly 50–75 μm) were predominant. According to this cell-size structure, on average, diatoms contained 40% more carbon per cell than dinoflagellates. Contrasting carbon content estimates were observed within the genera of both microalgae. Large carbon averages (>10,000 pg C cell-1) were attributed to Gonyaulacal and some occasional genera of dinoflagellates (e.g., Pyrocystis and Noctiluca) and centric diatoms. In contrast, values up to 3 orders of magnitude lower were found for Peridinial and Gymnodinial dinoflagellates and pennate diatoms. Based on these carbon content estimates, which can be considered representative for most of this oceanic ecosystem, seasonal and regional differences were found in the biomass assessments conducted for these functional groups. Overall, dinoflagellates (mostly low-carbon Gymnodinales) had larger depth-integrated biomass than diatoms (mainly rich-carbon centric forms) within the euphotic zone. An exception to it was the late-summer cruise at the Coatzacoalcos region when a surface bloom of centric diatoms was observed in stations influenced by river runoff. This work contributes useful reference information for future ecological studies and models for understanding the biogeochemical functioning of this open-ocean ecosystem. © 2021 Linacre et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Carbon, biomass, Oceanic ecosystem, Southern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Hyperiid amphipods from the Gulf of Ulloa and offshore region, Baja California: The possible role of the gelatinous zooplankton as a transport vector into the coastal shelf waters

Bertha Lavaniegos (2020, [Artículo])

Hyperiid amphipod species from the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California, and the adjacent region (from the shelf break to 200 km offshore) were analyzed to evaluate diversity and abundances. This productive area supports small-scale commercial fisheries, including sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), abalones, clams, and others. Strong coastal upwelling events were observed during summer seasons of the period 2002-2008 between Punta Eugenia and Punta Abreojos. The upwelling plumes at Punta Abreojos are transported southward in slope waters bordering the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, contributing to the separation of coastal and oceanic regions, and explain differences in amphipod diversity and abundances between both regions. In the offshore region, the most abundant species were Vibilia armata, Lestrigonus schizogeneios, Primno brevidens, and Eupronoe minuta, similar to previous findings in northern regions of Baja California and southern California. However, abundances of these species were lower (10-30 individuals/1000 m3), only reaching 20-50% of abundance levels reported off northern Baja California. In the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, amphipods were virtually absent during 2002, 2003 and 2006. However, during 2004 and 2005, abundances of P. brevidens increased (54 and 20 ind/1000 m3, respectively). Moreover, during the late summer of 2007, abundances of L. schizogeneios, P. brevidens, Lycaea nasuta, Lycaea pulex, and Simorhynchotus antennarius increased considerably (261, 39, 31, 68, 416 ind/1000 m3, respectively), indicating occasional utilization of the coastal shelf by pelagic amphipods. Changes in gelatinous populations (medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, doliolids, and salps) paralleled changes in hyperiid populations, with highest abundances in 2005-2008 in the coastal shelf. Significant correlations of 17 amphipod species with gelatinous taxa, which are often used as host organisms by hyperiid amphipods, suggest that gelatinous presence enhanced hyperiid abundance and promoted the progression of hyperiid amphipods onto the coastal shelf during parts of the 2002-2008 period. © 2020 Bertha E. Lavaniegos. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

abalone, Amphipoda, article, Baja California, clam, clinical article, Ctenophora, Eugenia, female, fishery, human, human experiment, male, medusa, nonhuman, Panulirus interruptus, plume, summer, zooplankton, Amphipoda, animal, California, ecosystem, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Diversidad de fauna asociada al sargazo (Sargasum fluitans y Sargasum natans) y su relación con las características físicas del agua en el norte del Caribe mexicano

HELDER ABRAHAM BERZUNZA PASOS (2024, [Tesis de maestría])

CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO HIDROLOGÍA HIDROBIOLOGÍA HIDROBIOLOGÍA

Offshore wind energy climate projection using UPSCALE climate data under the RCP8.5 emission scenario

MARKUS SEBASTIAN GROSS (2016, [Artículo])

In previous work, the authors demonstrated how data from climate simulations can be utilized to estimate regional wind power densities. In particular, it was shown that the quality of wind power densities, estimated from the UPSCALE global dataset in offshore regions of Mexico, compared well with regional high resolution studies. Additionally, a link between surface temperature and moist air density in the estimates was presented. UPSCALE is an acronym for UK on PRACE (the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe)-weather-resolving Simulations of Climate for globAL Environmental risk. The UPSCALE experiment was performed in 2012 by NCAS (National Centre for Atmospheric Science)- Climate, at the University of Reading and the UK Met Office Hadley Centre. The study included a 25.6-year, five-member ensemble simulation of the HadGEM3 global atmosphere, at 25km resolution for present climate conditions. The initial conditions for the ensemble runs were taken from consecutive days of a test configuration. In the present paper, the emphasis is placed on the single climate run for a potential future climate scenario in the UPSCALE experiment dataset, using the Representation Concentrations Pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario. Firstly, some tests were performed to ensure that the results using only one instantiation of the current climate dataset are as robust as possible within the constraints of the available data. In order to achieve this, an artificial time series over a longer sampling period was created. Then, it was shown that these longer time series provided almost the same results than the short ones, thus leading to the argument that the short time series is sufficient to capture the climate. Finally, with the confidence that one instantiation is sufficient, the future climate dataset was analysed to provide, for the first time, a projection of future changes in wind power resources using the UPSCALE dataset. It is hoped that this, in turn, will provide some guidance for wind power developers and policy makers to prepare and adapt for climate change impacts on wind energy production. Although offshore locations around Mexico were used as a case study, the dataset is global and hence the methodology presented can be readily applied at any desired location. © Copyright 2016 Gross, Magar. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reprod

atmosphere, climate change, Europe, Mexico, sampling, time series analysis, university, weather, wind power, climate, risk, theoretical model, wind, Climate, Models, Theoretical, Risk, Wind CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Transición de leña a gas licuado a presión (GLP) en el sur de México, oportunidad para la mitigación del cambio climático en la región menos desarrollada del país

Transition from biomass to LP gas in southern Mexico, an opportunity for climate change mitigation in the least developed region in the country

Elio Guarionex Lagunes Díaz María Eugenia González Rosende Alfredo Ortega Rubio (2015, [Artículo])

"En los estados del sur de México, entre un 25% y un 55% de los hogares dependen de la leña para cocinar, lo cual trae consecuencias en el ambiente, el desarrollo y la salud. No obstante, el conocimiento de estas consecuencias y la migración hacia combustibles modernos ha permanecido relegada de las políticas de desarrollo. En este trabajo, partiendo de una descripción del panorama de uso de leña en el país y su importancia como fuente de energía, se presenta una aproximación para estimar ahorros en emisiones de CO2 logrables por la transición a gas licuado a presión (GLP), los cuales pueden alcanzar 3.14 Mt CO2e, 26% menos que el escenario base. Se finaliza con una discusión de la transición hacia combustibles modernos, las barreras que la impiden y los logros y fallos de la distribución de estufas ahorradoras de leña, la principal iniciativa gubernamental para aliviar el consumo de leña en el país."

"Between 25% and 55% of households in southern Mexico depend on biomass for cooking, which carries serious consequences on the environment, development and health. In spite of the knowledge of these consequences, transition from biomass to modern fuels has remained outside energy and development policies. In the present work, after describing the panorama of fuelwood use in the country and its importance as an energy source, an approach is presented for estimating CO2 savings achievable by transition to pressurized liquefied gas (LP). These savings can reach 3.14 Mt CO2e, 26% less than the baseline scenario. At the end we discuss on the transition to modern fuels in Mexico, the barriers that hinder it and the achievements and failures of the distribution of fuelwood saving cookstoves, as the only and most important governmental initiative to alleviate biomass use, comparing it with other priorities in the government's agenda."

Transición energética, cambio climático, política energética. Energy transition, climate change, energy policy. CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO METEOROLOGÍA CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA

El sonido es el alma del Carnaval: Estudio de la dimensión sonora en el carnaval rural de Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Atltzayanca, Tlaxcala

EMMANUEL MENDEZ CANO (2021, [Tesis de maestría])

"El objetivo a alcanzar consiste en conocer cómo opera la dimensión sonora en el desarrollo del Carnaval o danza de Pascua. De esa manera, posibilitará estudiar el modo de acción de las ejecuciones musicales y de los sonidos emitidos por los carnavaleros, así como sus efectos suscitados en los carnavaleros y en la audiencia. Así, el análisis de los aspectos auditivos permitirá entender qué tiene de específico el Carnaval. El contenido de esta tesis se encuentra estructurado en tres capítulos: “Un Carnaval de presencias sonoras”; “Trampas para escuchar” y “Batallas de sonido”. La organización del capitulado se articula en función de los segmentos dancísticos que componen al Carnaval."

Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Atltzayanca, Tlaxcala -- Carnaval HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA ANTROPOLOGÍA ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL

Diseño y evaluación del Club de Educación Ambiental y Sustentabilidad como estrategia para la apropiación de ecotecnias en la escuela Francisco González Bocanegra de la delegación la Pila San Luis Potosí, SLP

MARIANA BUENDIA-OLIVA (2020, [Tesis de doctorado])

Este trabajo se centra en analizar el contexto de una escuela primaria pública ubicada en una zona de alta marginación en México que ha sido beneficiada con la construcción de ecotecnias, para diseñar una propuesta educativa formal que contribuya a su apropiación entre la comunidad educativa. La investigación siguió un enfoque cualitativo. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizaron diversas herramientas; en los maestros y directivos se analizó el nivel de conocimientos y el grado de incorporación de la dimensión ambiental y de sustentabilidad (A&S) en el curriculum, mediante grupos focales, entrevistas y cuestionarios. Con los niños se utilizó la técnica de dibujo y se aplicó un cuestionario diagnóstico para analizar sus conocimientos y sus percepciones sobre temas relacionados con A&S. Los resultados sirvieron para diseñar la estructura y contenidos de un programa educativo acorde a sus necesidades, basado en el uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo.

Una vez diseñada la propuesta se implementó bajo la modalidad de Club en la escuela Francisco González Bocanegra ubicado en la Delegación La Pila, SLP, SLP, México durante el ciclo escolar 2018-2019. El club se ofreció como una actividad diseñada e implementada en el marco de la autonomía curricular y también funcionó como estrategia de acompañamiento del proyecto “Modelo de sustentabilidad para la gobernanza de comunidades vulnerables”. El diseño del club consideró: 1) el análisis del contexto, 2) la sustentabilidad como eje rector y 3) el uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo. La investigación siguió un enfoque mixto. Los resultados permitieron evaluar la efectividad del uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo y la pertinencia del club como herramienta para su apropiación. La sistematización del proceso también contribuyó a identificar alcances y limitaciones del componente de autonomía curricular del NME.

This work focuses on analyzing the context of a public elementary school located in an area of high marginalization in Mexico that has benefited from the construction of ecotechnics, to design a formal educational proposal that contributes to its appropriation educational community. The research followed a qualitative approach. Various tools were used for data collection; teachers and managers analyzed the level of knowledge and degree of incorporation of the environmental and sustainability dimension (A&S) into the curriculum, through focus groups, interviews and questionnaires. Children used the drawing technique and applied a diagnostic questionnaire to analyze their knowledge and perceptions on A&S-related topics. The results served to design the structure and contents of an educational program according to their needs, based on the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource.

Once the proposal was designed it was implemented under the club modality in the Francisco González Bocanegra school located in the La Pila Delegation, SLP, SLP, Mexico during the 2018-2019 school year. The club was offered as an activity designed and implemented within the framework of curriculum autonomy and also served as an accompanying strategy for the project "Sustainability Model for the Governance of Vulnerable Communities". The design of the club considered: 1) the analysis of the context, 2) sustainability as the guiding axis and 3) the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource. The research followed a mixed approach. The results made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource and the relevance of the club as a tool for its appropriation. The systematization of the process also helped to identify scopes and limitations of the curriculum autonomy component of the ENM.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Evaluación de receptores purinérgicos en pacientes con COVID-19

Rubén Omar Urbina Rodríguez (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

Durante COVID-19 el ATP liberado por el tejido pulmonar dañado puede interactuar con los receptores purinérgicos y modificar la respuesta inmune. Debido a su modulación en la respuesta inflamatoria, la actividad purinérgica puede representar un factor de riesgo en los pacientes. En este trabajo se evaluaron perfiles purinérgicos P2X1, P2X4, P2X7 y PA2A en células mononucleares de sangre venosa periférica de 22 pacientes con COVID-19 y 10 sujetos control, por citometría de flujo y qPCR y su relación con parámetros metabólicos y antropométricos. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de los perfiles P2X7 y PA2A durante la enfermedad y parámetros antropométricos y metabólicos como el índice de masa corporal y concentraciones de colesterol LDL.

During COVID-19, ATP released from damaged lung tissue can interact with purinergic receptors and modify the immune response. Due to its modulation in the inflammatory response, purinergic activity may represent a risk factor in patients. In this work, P2X1, P2X4, P2X7 and PA2A purinergic profiles were evaluated in peripheral venous blood mononuclear cells from 22 patients with COVID-19 and 10 control subjects, by flow cytometry and qPCR and their relationship with metabolic and anthropometric parameters. The results demonstrate the importance of the P2X7 and PA2A profiles during the disease and anthropometric and metabolic parameters such as body mass index and LDL cholesterol concentrations.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

Nopal feeding reduces adiposity, intestinal inflammation and shifts the cecal microbiota and metabolism in high-fat fed rats

SOFÍA MORÁN RAMOS (2018, [Artículo])

Nopal is a cactus plant widely consumed in Mexico that has been used in traditional medicine to aid in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. We previously showed that chronic consumption of dehydrated nopal ameliorated hepatic steatosis in obese (fa/fa) rats; however, description of the effects on other tissues is sparse. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nopal cladode consumption on intestinal physiology, microbial community structure, adipose tissue, and serum biochemistry in diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed either a normal fat (NF) diet or a HF diet containing 4% of dietary fiber from either nopal or cellulose for 6 weeks. Consumption of nopal counteracted HF-induced adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy, and induced profound changes in intestinal physiology. Nopal consumption reduced biomarkers of intestinal inflammation (mRNA expression of IL-6) and oxidative stress (ROS), modfied gut microbiota composition, increasing microbial diversity and cecal fermentation (SCFA), and altered the serum metabolome. Interestingly, metabolomic analysis of dehydrated nopal revealed a high choline content, which appeared to generate high levels of serum betaine, that correlated negatively with hepatic triglyceride (TAG) levels. A parallel decrease in some of the taxa associated with the production of trimethylamine, suggest an increase in choline absorption and bioavailability with transformation to betaine. The latter may partially explain the previously observed effect of nopal on the development of hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence on the effects of nopal consumption on normal and HF-diet induced changes in the intestine, the liver and systemic metabolism.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

Evaluación de los efectos en salud por la exposición a plaguicidas en niños de San Luis Potosí

NORMA EDITH RIVERO PEREZ (2012, [Tesis de doctorado])

En comunidades agrícolas, el riesgo a la salud por la exposición a plaguicidas es mayor comparada con la población en general, debido a que existen diferentes rutas de exposición (alimento, agua, polvo, suelo), por la proximidad de sus hogares a los campos donde se aplican plaguicidas, por los usos y costumbres relacionados con el lavado en casa de la ropa de trabajo contaminada con plaguicida, por el almacenamiento de agroquímicos en el hogar en recipientes no identificados, lo que trae como consecuencia un mayor riesgo de exposición. Existe preocupación por esclarecer en niños los efectos de la exposición a sustancias neurotóxicas, que afectan el desarrollo neurobiológico, riesgo reconocido para algunos contaminantes ambientales y potenciales para otras sustancias, sobre todo en exposiciones crónicas a bajas dosis, que pueden causar efectos no evidentes en el examen clínico de rutina.

La mayoría de los estudios epidemiológicos se han centrado en evaluar el daño sobre el neurodesarrollo de los niños por la exposición a sustancias químicas de manera individual, en etapas tempranas del desarrollo y en un medio ambiente específico a través de una ruta o vía de exposición. Por el contrario son escasos los estudios que se han realizado para medir el efecto por la exposición postnatal a mezclas de sustancias químicas a largo plazo y el funcionamiento cognitivo en niños de distintas edades.

El presente estudio se realizó en la comunidad agrícola de El Refugio, Cd. Fernández, SLP, ubicada en la parte media del Estado. Esta comunidad presenta la mayor actividad agrícola de la región, en donde la aplicación de plaguicidas (Organoclorados, Organofosforados, Carbamatos, Piretroides), herbicidas y fertilizantes es amplia y diversa. La segunda actividad económica de la población de estudio, es la elaboración de ladrillos, para lo cual utilizan diversos materiales de combustión desde biomasa, llantas, hasta la quema de aceites usados.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD