Development of a thermoelectric test for electrical contactors

PABLO OROZCO CORRAL FRANCISCO JAVIER IBARRA VILLEGAS NOE VILLA VILLASEÑOR (2023, [Artículo])

In the economic model in which we develop, there is a dependence on the means of transport that every day is increasing and due to the importance of electrification in the issue of efficient and clean transportation, has caused the need for companies supplying components for automotive manufacturers to evolve and develop new technologies to stay ahead of the needs of their customers being in full evolution towards electrified transport. This evolution extends not only to manufacturing but to the test methods that currently exist, since automotive standards require suppliers to test in laboratory, the components they sell to their customers to ensure their correct operation.

Electrical contactors Powered thermal cycle endurance Busbars Electrification industry INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Risk aversion, impatience, and adoption of conservation agriculture practices among smallholders in Zambia

Hambulo Ngoma João Vasco Silva Frédéric Baudron Isaiah Nyagumbo Christian Thierfelder (2024, [Artículo])

Sustainable agricultural practices such as conservation agriculture have been promoted in southern Africa for nearly three decades, but their adoption remains low. It is of policy interest to unpack behavioural drivers of adoption to understand why adoption remains lower than anticipated. This paper assesses the effects of risk aversion and impatience on the extent and intensity of the adoption of conservation agriculture using panel data collected from 646 households in 2021 and 2022 in Zambia. We find that 12% and 18% of the smallholders were impatient and risk averse, respectively. There are two main empirical findings based on panel data Probit and Tobit models. First, on the extensive margin, being impatient is correlated with a decreased likelihood of adopting combined minimum-tillage (MT) and rotation by 2.9 percentage points and being risk averse is associated with a decreased propensity of adopting combined minimum tillage (MT) and mulching by 3.2 percentage points. Being risk averse is correlated with a decreased chance of adopting basins by 2.8 percentage points. Second, on the intensive margin, impatience and risk aversion are significantly correlated with reduced adoption intensity of basins, ripping, minimum tillage (MT), and combined MT and rotation by 0.02–0.22 ha. These findings imply a need to embed risk management (e.g., through crop yield insurance) in the scaling of sustainable agricultural practices to incentivise adoption. This can help to nudge initial adoption and to protect farmers from yield penalties that are common in experimentation stages.

Risk and Time Preferences CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION RISK SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION SMALLHOLDERS

Value chain research and development: The quest for impact

Jason Donovan (2023, [Artículo])

Motivation: For decades, governments, donors, and practitioners have promoted market-based development approaches (MBDA), most recently in the form of value chain development (VCD), to spur economic growth and reduce poverty. Changes in approaches have been shaped by funders, practitioners and researchers in ways that are incompletely appreciated. Purpose: We address the following questions: (1) how have researchers and practitioners shaped discussions on MBDA?; and (2) how has research stimulated practice, and how has practice informed research? We hypothesize that stronger exchange between researchers and practitioners increases the relevance and impact of value chain research and development. Methods and approach: We adopt Downs' (1972) concept of issue-attention cycles, which posits that attention to a particular issue follows a pattern where, first, excitement builds over potential solutions; followed by disenchantment as the inherent complexity, trade-offs, and resources required to solve it become apparent; and consequently attention moves on to a new issue. We review the literature on MBDA to see how far this framing applies. Findings: We identify five cycles of approaches to market-based development over the last 40 or more years: (1) non-traditional agricultural exports; (2) small and medium enterprise development; (3) value chains with a globalization perspective; (4) value chains with an agri-business perspective; and (5) value chain development. The shaping and sequencing of these cycles reflect researchers' tendency to analyse and criticize MBDA, while providing limited guidance on workable improvements; practitioners' reluctance to engage in critical reflection on their programmes; and an institutional and funding environment that encourages new approaches. Policy implications: Future MBDA will benefit from stronger engagement between researchers, practitioners, and funders. Before shifting attention to new concepts and approaches, achievements and failures in previous cycles need to be scrutinized. Evidence-based practice should extend for the length of the issue-attention cycle; preferably it should arrest the cycling of attention. Funders can help by requiring grantees to critically reflect on past action, by providing “safe spaces” for sharing such reflections, and by engaging in joint learning with practitioners and researchers.

Agri-Food Value Chains Issue-Attention Cycles Market-Based Development Approaches CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA VALUE CHAINS PRIVATE SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDERS

La relación entre el crimen y ciclo económico en México: un enfoque espacial

Ricardo Masahiro Solis Ichien (2021, [Tesis de maestría])

En este trabajo se analiza la influencia del ciclo económico sobre los niveles de crimen en México desde el marco conceptual de la teoría de Cantor y Land (1985), los cuales distinguen el efecto de oportunidad y motivación criminal. Se presenta el análisis para el caso mexicano y se evalúa empíricamente el modelo de Cantor y Land para las 32 entidades federativas con datos trimestrales del 2010 a 2019. Utilizando un modelo econométrico que incorpora la interacción espacial en la tasa de crímenes y en el término de error, así como su rezago temporal, al que se le denomina como modelo espacial autorregresivo con errores autorregresivos de orden 1 (SARAR (1,1)) dinámico, se evalúa el modelo para siete tipos de crímenes: homicidios dolosos, secuestros, extorsiones, robo a negocios, robo a casa-habitación, robo de vehículo y robo a transeúnte. Los resultados muestran que se verifica la teoría de Cantor y Land (1985) para cuatro de los siete tipos de delitos. Los robos analizados se caracterizan como robos de necesidad y robos de especialización. Se encuentra evidencia del comportamiento espacial de la actividad criminal donde algunos delitos tienen un efecto regional y otros se concentran.

Crime -- Effect of business cycles on -- Mexico -- Econometric models. Violence -- Effect of business cycles on -- Mexico -- Econometric models. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Solanum tuberosum Microtuber Development under Darkness Unveiled through RNAseq Transcriptomic Analysis

ELIANA VALENCIA LOZANO LISSET HERRERA ISIDRON Osiel Salvador Recoder-Meléndez Aarón Barraza Celis JOSE LUIS CABRERA PONCE (2022, [Artículo])

"Potato microtuber (MT) development through in vitro techniques are ideal propagules for producing high quality potato plants. MT formation is influenced by several factors, i.e., photoperiod, sucrose, hormones, and osmotic stress. We have previously developed a protocol of MT induction in medium with sucrose (8% w/v), gelrite (6g/L), and 2iP as cytokinin under darkness. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis. Here we show that 1715 up- and 1624 down-regulated genes were involved in this biological process. Through the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses performed in the STRING database (v11.5), we found 299 genes tightly associated in 14 clusters. Two major clusters of up-regulated proteins fundamental for life growth and development were found: 29 ribosomal proteins (RPs) interacting with 6 PEBP family members and 117 cell cycle (CC) proteins. The PPI network of up-regulated transcription factors (TFs) revealed that at least six TFs–MYB43, TSF, bZIP27, bZIP43, HAT4 and WOX9–may be involved during MTs development. The PPI network of down-regulated genes revealed a cluster of 83 proteins involved in light and photosynthesis, 110 in response to hormone, 74 in hormone mediate signaling pathway and 22 related to aging."

transcriptome-wide analysis, microtubers, potato, Solanum tuberosum, darkness, cell cycle, ribosomal proteins, PEBP family genes, cytokinin BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS GENÉTICA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS

Efecto del fotoperiodo y la temperatura sobre la composición bioquímica en reproductores silvestres de cabrilla sardinera, Mycteroperca rosacea (Streets, 1877)

Effect of photoperiod and temperature on the biochemical composition in wild broodstock of sardine cabrilla, Mycteroperca rosacea (Streets, 1877)

JOSE ANTONIO ESTRADA GODINEZ MINERVA CONCEPCION MALDONADO GARCIA VICENTE GRACIA LOPEZ Rene Rebollar MILTON ALEJANDRO SPANOPOULOS ZARCO (2014, [Artículo])

"Se estimó el factor de condición (K), el índice gonadosomático (IGS), hepatosomático (IHS) y de grasa visceral (IGV), así como la composición bioquímica en diferentes tejidos de reproductores silvestres de cabrilla sardinera, Mycteroperca rosacea, para evaluarlos a lo largo de un ciclo reproductivo y ver la relación que presentan los cambios con respecto a la temperatura del agua y fotoperiodo de la zona de muestreo. Se capturaron 187 reproductores, 146 hembras y 41 machos en el golfo de California, México. Se observaron diferencias significativas (P < 0,005) en los IGS, IHS e IGV; en el caso de K no se encontraron diferencias. También, se observaron variaciones significativas (P < 0,05) en la mayoría de los parámetros bioquímicos, encontrándose los valores más altos durante la etapa de desove, mientras que los más bajos durante la etapa de reposo. Todos los índices estimados y los parámetros bioquímicos determinados, se correlacionaron significativamente (P < 0,05) con el fotoperiodo, mientras que solo se encontraron correlaciones significativas (P < 0,05) entre el IGS e IGV con respecto a la temperatura del agua."

"Condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index, (IGS), hepatosomatic index (IHS) and fat visceral index (IGV) were estimated and the biochemical composition in different tissues of wild leopard grouper broodstock was determinate too, in order to evaluate them along a reproductive cycle and see the relationship of these changes with respect to the water temperature and photoperiod in the sampling area. 187 brooders were caught, 146 females and 41 males in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Significant differences (P < 0.005) in the IGS, IHS and IGV but not for K were observed. Significant changes (P < 0.05) were also observed in most of the biochemical parameters, being the highest value during the spawning stage, whereas the lowest occurred during the resting stage. Significant correlations (P < 0.05) between all estimated indices and biochemical parameters were observed, while only significant correlations (P < 0.05) between the IGS and IGV with respect to water temperature."

Mycteroperca rosacea, cabrilla sardinera, ciclo reproductivo, composición bioquímica, fotoperiodo, temperatura, golfo de California wavelet sardine, reproductive cycle, biochemical composition, photoperiod, temperature, Gulf of California BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) FISIOLOGÍA ANIMAL FISIOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Espirales del instante: los haikus de Hondonada de Jorge Tenorio

ABRAHAM PERALTA VELEZ (2019, [Artículo])

Artículo número 3 de la Sección Tema. 12 páginas. tyvlliii

El haiku, desde José Juan Tablada, se ha transculturalizado a las formas de la lírica hispánica, de tal manera que se puede apreciar, por ejemplo, el uso de rimas, de tropos clásicos de la retórica o una enunciación del yo lírico en devaneos elegiacos, celebratorios, filosóficos, etc. Sin embargo, el poeta mexicano, Jorge Tenorio, ha buscado acercarse al haiku, no desde la propia retórica hispánica a la que pertenece, evitando rimas, metáforas u otros tropos afines a la tradición iniciada por José Juan Tablada, sino a través de la idea del vacío del budismo zen, que tiene como consecuencia en la conformación del poemario Hondonada (2008) la expresión del tiempo discontinuo del instante, explicado por Gaston Bachelard, la expresión de la insubstancialidad del yo lírico, el origen dependiente de los fenómenos y el mostrar transparente, contemplativo, lo que está sucediendo en ese instante, a través del viaje en la intemperie, a la manera de Matsuo Bashō, como otra forma de asir ser, opuesto al tiempo de la acumulación y la conquista de la morada.

Haiku, from José Juan Tablada, has been transculturalized to the forms of Hispanic lyric, so that one can appreciate, for example, the use of rhymes, of classical rhetoric tropes or an enunciation of the lyrical self in elegiac rallies, celebratory, philosophical, etc. However, the Mexican poet, Jorge Tenorio, has sought to approach haiku, not from the Hispanic rhetoric to which it belongs, avoiding rhymes, metaphors or other tropes related to the tradition initiated by José Juan Tablada, but through the idea from the void of Zen Buddhism, which results in the conformation of the poem book Hondonada (2008), the expression of the discontinuous time of the instant, explained by Gaston Bachelard, the expression of the insubstantiality of the lyrical self, the dependent origin of phenomena and the display transparent, contemplative, what is happening at that moment, through the trip in the open, in the manner of Matsuo Basho, as another way of asserting itself, as opposed to the time of accumulation and conquest of the abode.

Espiral, vacío, intemperie, yo lírico, tiempo, discontinuidad, instante. Spiral, emptiness, weather, lyrical self, time, discontinuity, instant. HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS TEORÍA, ANÁLISIS Y CRÍTICA LITERARIAS

Reconocimiento continuo de la Lengua de Señas Mexicana

Continuous recognition of Mexican Sign Language

Ricardo Fernando Morfín Chávez (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

La Lengua de Señas Mexicana (LSM) es la lengua utilizada por la comunidad Sorda en México, y, a menudo, subestimada y pasada por alto por la comunidad oyente, lo que resulta en la exclusión sistemática de las personas Sordas en diversos aspectos de la vida. Sin embargo, la tecnología puede desempeñar un papel fundamental en acercar a la comunidad Sorda con la comunidad oyente, promoviendo una mayor inclusión y comprensión entre ambas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es diseñar, implementar y evaluar un sistema de reconocimiento continuo de señas estáticas en LSM mediante, visión por computadora y técnicas de aprendizaje máquina. Se establecieron objetivos específicos, que incluyen la generación de un conjunto de datos de señas estáticas, pertenecientes al alfabeto manual de la LSM, el diseño de un modelo de reconocimiento, y la evaluación del sistema, tanto en la modalidad aislada como en la continua. La metodología involucra dos evaluaciones distintas. La primera se enfoca en el reconocimiento de señas estáticas en el dominio aislado, para ello se capturaron datos de 20 participantes realizando movimientos de la mano en múltiples ángulos. Se evaluaron diversas técnicas de aprendizaje automático, destacando que el enfoque basado en Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial (SVM) obtuvo los mejores resultados (F1-Score promedio del 0.91). La segunda evaluación se concentra en el reconocimiento continuo de señas estáticas, con datos recopilados de seis participantes con diferentes niveles de competencia en LSM, logrando un rendimiento sólido con errores cercanos al 7 %. Además, se evaluó la viabilidad del sistema en aplicaciones de tiempo real, demostrando un excelente desempeño (velocidad promedio de procesamiento de 45 cuadros por segundo). A pesar de los logros alcanzados, es importante reconocer que este proyecto se centró en el reconocimiento continuo de señas estáticas en LSM. Queda pendiente, como un desafío interesante, la exploración del reconocimiento continuo de señas dinámicas en LSM para futuras investigaciones. Se considera esencial explorar enfoques orientados a la escalabilidad y aplicaciones en tiempo real en investigaciones posteriores.

This study focuses on the continuous recognition of static signs in Mexican Sign Language (Lengua de Señas Mexicana (LSM)), the language used by the Deaf community in Mexico. Despite its significance, LSM is often underestimated and overlooked, leading to the systematic exclusion of Deaf individuals in various aspects of life. The primary objective of this work is to design, implement, and evaluate a continuous static sign recognition system in LSM using computer vision and machine learning techniques. Specific goals were established, including the creation of a dataset of static signs belonging to the manual alphabet of LSM, the design of a recognition model, and the evaluation of the system in both isolated and continuous modes. The methodology involves two distinct evaluations. The first one focuses on the recognition of static signs in the isolated domain, for which data from 20 participants performing hand movements at various angles were collected. Various machine learning techniques were evaluated, with the Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial (SVM)-based approach achieving the best results (average F1-Score of 0.91). The second evaluation centers on the continuous recognition of static signs, using data collected from six participants with varying levels of competence in LSM, achieving robust performance with errors close to 7 %. Furthermore, the feasibility of the system in real-time applications was assessed, demonstrating excellent performance (average processing speed of 45 frames per second). Despite the achievements, it is important to recognize that this project focused on continuous recognition of static signs in LSM. It remains an interesting challenge to explore the continuous recognition of dynamic signs in LSM for future research. It is considered essential to explore scalability-oriented approaches and real-time applications in subsequent investigations.

Lengua de Señas Mexicana (LSM), visión por computadora, aprendizaje automático, alfabeto manual de la LSM, reconocimiento automático de señas estáticas, reconocimiento aislado de señas, reconocimiento continuo de señas, aplicacion Mexican Sign Language (LSM), computer vision, machine learning, LSM manual alpahbet, automatic recognition of static signs, isolated sign recognition, continuous sign recognition, real-time aplications INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ORDENADORES ENSEÑANZA CON AYUDA DE ORDENADOR ENSEÑANZA CON AYUDA DE ORDENADOR

Variability of Microcirculation Detected by Blood Pulsation Imaging

Alexei Kamshilin (2013, [Artículo])

The non-invasive assessment of blood flow is invaluable for the diagnostic and monitoring treatment of numerous vascular and neurological diseases. We developed a non-invasive and non-contact method of blood pulsation imaging capable of visualizing and monitoring of the two-dimensional distribution of two key parameters of peripheral blood flow: the blood pulsation amplitude and blood pulsation phase. The method is based on the photoplethysmographic imaging in the reflection mode. In contrast with previous imaging systems we use new algorithm for data processing which allows two dimensional mapping of blood pulsations in large object's areas after every cardiac cycle. In our study we carried out the occlusion test of the arm and found (i) the extensive variability of 2D-distribution of blood pulsation amplitude from one cardiac cycle to another, and (ii) existence of the adjacent spots to which the blood is asynchronously supplied. These observations show that the method can be used for studying of the multicomponent regulation of peripheral blood circulation. The proposed technique is technologically simple and cost-effective, which makes it applicable for monitoring the peripheral microcirculation in clinical settings for example, in diagnostics or testing the efficiency of new medicines. © 2013 Kamshilin et al.

algorithm, article, blood analysis, heart cycle, human, human experiment, image analysis, imaging system, male, microcirculation, peripheral circulation, photoelectric plethysmography, process development, Algorithms, Diagnostic Imaging, Diagnostic T CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA MATEMÁTICAS ANÁLISIS NUMÉRICO ANÁLISIS NUMÉRICO

Offshore wind energy climate projection using UPSCALE climate data under the RCP8.5 emission scenario

MARKUS SEBASTIAN GROSS (2016, [Artículo])

In previous work, the authors demonstrated how data from climate simulations can be utilized to estimate regional wind power densities. In particular, it was shown that the quality of wind power densities, estimated from the UPSCALE global dataset in offshore regions of Mexico, compared well with regional high resolution studies. Additionally, a link between surface temperature and moist air density in the estimates was presented. UPSCALE is an acronym for UK on PRACE (the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe)-weather-resolving Simulations of Climate for globAL Environmental risk. The UPSCALE experiment was performed in 2012 by NCAS (National Centre for Atmospheric Science)- Climate, at the University of Reading and the UK Met Office Hadley Centre. The study included a 25.6-year, five-member ensemble simulation of the HadGEM3 global atmosphere, at 25km resolution for present climate conditions. The initial conditions for the ensemble runs were taken from consecutive days of a test configuration. In the present paper, the emphasis is placed on the single climate run for a potential future climate scenario in the UPSCALE experiment dataset, using the Representation Concentrations Pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario. Firstly, some tests were performed to ensure that the results using only one instantiation of the current climate dataset are as robust as possible within the constraints of the available data. In order to achieve this, an artificial time series over a longer sampling period was created. Then, it was shown that these longer time series provided almost the same results than the short ones, thus leading to the argument that the short time series is sufficient to capture the climate. Finally, with the confidence that one instantiation is sufficient, the future climate dataset was analysed to provide, for the first time, a projection of future changes in wind power resources using the UPSCALE dataset. It is hoped that this, in turn, will provide some guidance for wind power developers and policy makers to prepare and adapt for climate change impacts on wind energy production. Although offshore locations around Mexico were used as a case study, the dataset is global and hence the methodology presented can be readily applied at any desired location. © Copyright 2016 Gross, Magar. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reprod

atmosphere, climate change, Europe, Mexico, sampling, time series analysis, university, weather, wind power, climate, risk, theoretical model, wind, Climate, Models, Theoretical, Risk, Wind CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA