Presencia de Perkinsus marinus en el ambiente y en los moluscos Anadara tuberculosa, Mytella strigata y Crassostrea corteziensis de la costa de Nayarit

Presence of Perkinsus marinus in the environment and in the mollusks Anadara tuberculosa, Mytella strigata and Crassostrea corteziensis from the coast of Nayarit

Naoki Abraham Kawamoto Camacho (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

El parásito Perkinsus marinus cuyo ciclo de vida le permite subsistir en el ambiente y cumplir su ciclo dentro del hospedero es el agente causal de la perkinsosis, letal para Crasssotrea virginica y enlistado por la Organización Mundial de Salud Animal (OMSA). El comercio de ostiones entre el Golfo de México y el Pacífico mexicano ha generado preocupaciones sanitarias al introducir estos moluscos en comunidades costeras del Pacífico. P. marinus formaría parte de la microbiota ambiental y estar en los moluscos bivalvos de estos ambientes. En el presente estudio se emplearon las técnicas PCR, qPCR, secuenciación de amplicones y de próxima generación, así como análisis de microbioma para determinar la presencia de P. marinus en el ambiente y en los moluscos Anadara tuberculosa, Mytella strigata y Crassostrea corteziensis que coexisten en el estero Pozo Chino, Nayarit. Además, se analizaron muestras embebidas en parafina de Tabasco, Veracruz (C. virginica), Nayarit y Sinaloa (C. corteziensis) para realizar comparaciones genotípicas. La prevalencia de infección mediante PCR fue de 86% en ostiones de la zona baja y media del estero, y de 66% en la zona alta, mientras que para M. strigata fue de 2.2% por qPCR. No se detectó a P. marinus en el ambiente ni en A. tuberculosa. La identidad del parásito fue de 86.1 al 100% mediante secuenciación dirigida. Los primers que amplifican productos de 130 pb fueron más eficaces. La no detección del parásito en el entorno se debe a su baja presencia, consecuencia de la baja salinidad, ausencia de infecciones graves y la falta de eventos inusuales de mortalidad, evitando la liberación masiva del parásito en el ambiente. Además, la baja detección en M. strigata y ausencia en A. tuberculosa puede relacionarse con su susceptibilidad. El análisis del microbioma eucariótico mostró a P. marinus como parte de la microbiota en C. corteziensis. En el ambiente los grupos más abundantes fueron copépodos, moluscos, poliquetos y diatomeas. Se requiere profundizar en su estudio en el ambiente y hospederos a lo largo del año para dimensionar mejor el riesgo sanitario que se enfrenta en una zona donde se ha establecido el parásito.

The parasite Perkinsus marinus, whose life cycle allows it to survive in the environment and complete its cycle within the host, is the causative agent of perkinsosis, lethal to Crassostrea virginica, and listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH). The trade of oysters between the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Pacific coast has raised sanitary concerns by introducing these mollusks into coastal communities on the Pacific. In areas where detection has occurred, P. marinus would be part of the environmental microbiota (plankton/sediments) and in coexisting bivalve mollusks. In this study, PCR, Real-Time PCR (qPCR), amplicon sequencing and next-generation sequencing techniques, as well as microbiome analysis, were employed to determine the presence of P. marinus in the environment (plankton and sediments) and in the mollusks Anadara tuberculosa, Mytella strigata, and Crassostrea corteziensis coexisting in the Pozo Chino estuary, Nayarit. Paraffin-embedded samples from Tabasco, Veracruz (C. virginica), Nayarit, and Sinaloa (C. corteziensis) were also analyzed for genotypic comparisons. The infection prevalence through PCR was 86% in oysters from the lower and middle zones of the estuary and 66% in the upper zone, while for M. strigata, it was 2.2% by RT-PCR. P. marinus was not detected in the environment or in A. tuberculosa. Directed sequencing revealed a parasite identity of 86.1 to 100%. Primers amplifying 130 bp products were more effective. The lack of detection of the parasite in the environment is due to its low presence, resulting from low salinity, the absence of records of severe infections, and the lack of unusual mortality events, preventing massive release of the parasite into the environment. Additionally, the isolated detection in M. strigata and absence in A. tuberculosa may be related to their susceptibility. Analysis of eukaryotic microbiomes identified P. marinus as part of the microbiota in C. corteziensis. In the environment, the most abundant groups were copepods, mollusks, polychaetes, and diatoms. Further studies in the environment and hosts throughout the year are required to better understand the health risks in an area where the parasite has become established.

Perkinsus marinus, Anadara tuberculosa, Mytella strigata, Crassostrea, protista, Pozo Chino, susceptibilidad Perkinsus marinus, Anadara tuberculosa, Mytella strigata, Crassostrea, protist, Pozo Chino, susceptibility CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA

Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica y la vulnerabilidad social.

SALVADOR VILLERIAS SALINAS (2022, [Capítulo de libro])

En el espacio geográfico concurren diversos procesos naturales y sociales: geológicos, hidrológicos, tecnológicos y provocados por el hombre, que pueden provocar cierto riesgo en la población. En este contexto, la forma de evaluarlo se relaciona con el estudio de la amenaza y la vulnerabilidad. Todo esto se encuentra inmerso en complejos procesos (Hilhorst y Bankoff, 2004) que se insertan en la intersección de la relación entre la sociedad y la naturaleza.

CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO GEOGRAFÍA OTRAS

Evaluación de la calidad del agua mediante el uso de δ15N en materia orgánica particulada de cenotes de zonas agropecuarias en el estado de Yucatán

JOCELYNE DAYANNA FRIAS HERNANDEZ (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO HIDROLOGÍA AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS

Integrative taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of genus Aplysina (Demospongiae: Verongida) from Mexican Pacific

José Antonio Cruz-Barraza (2012, [Artículo])

Integrative taxonomy provides a major approximation to species delimitation based on integration of different perspectives (e.g. morphology, biochemistry and DNA sequences). The aim of this study was to assess the relationships and boundaries among Eastern Pacific Aplysina species using morphological, biochemical and molecular data. For this, a collection of sponges of the genus Aplysina from the Mexican Pacific was studied on the basis of their morphological, chemical (chitin composition), and molecular markers (mitochondrial COI and nuclear ribosomal rDNA: ITS1-5.8-ITS2). Three morphological species were identified, two of which are new to science. A. clathrata sp. nov. is a yellow to yellow-reddish or -brownish sponge, characterized by external clathrate-like morphology; A. revillagigedi sp. nov. is a lemon yellow to green, cushion-shaped sometimes lobate sponge, characterized by conspicuous oscules, which are slightly elevated and usually linearly distributed on rims; and A. gerardogreeni a known species distributed along the Mexican Pacific coast. Chitin was identified as the main structural component within skeletons of the three species using FTIR, confirming that it is shared among Verongida sponges. Morphological differences were confirmed by DNA sequences from nuclear ITS1-5.8-ITS2. Mitochondrial COI sequences showed extremely low but diagnostic variability for Aplysina revillagigedi sp. nov., thus our results corroborate that COI has limited power for DNA-barcoding of sponges and should be complemented with other markers (e.g. rDNA). Phylogenetic analyses of Aplysina sequences from the Eastern Pacific and Caribbean, resolved two allopatric and reciprocally monophyletic groups for each region. Eastern Pacific species were grouped in general accordance with the taxonomic hypothesis based on morphological characters. An identification key of Eastern Pacific Aplysina species is presented. Our results constitute one of the first approximations to integrative taxonomy, phylogeny and evolutionary biogeography of Eastern Pacific marine sponges; an approach that will significantly contribute to our better understanding of their diversity and evolutionary history. © 2012 Cruz et al.

chitin, genomic DNA, mitochondrial DNA, molecular marker, ribosome DNA, allopatry, Aplysina clatharata, Aplysina gerardogreeni, Aplysina revillagigedi, article, DNA barcoding, DNA sequence, genetic polymorphism, genetic variability, infrared spectros CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Cell carbon content and biomass assessments of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico

LORENA PATRICIA LINACRE ROJAS (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

This study assessed the cell carbon content and biomass for genera of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Carbon content estimates were based on biovolume calculations derived from linear dimension measurements of individual cells and the approximate geometric body shape of each genus. Then, biomass assessments were performed for both groups in two gulf regions (Perdido and Coatzacoalcos) using these carbon content factors and cell abundances. After four seasonal cruises, 11,817 cells of dinoflagellates and 3,412 cells of diatoms were analyzed. Diverse body shapes and cell sizes were observed among 46 dinoflagellate genera and 37 diatom genera. Nano-cells of dinoflagellates (68% <20 μm) and micro-cells of diatoms (77% 20–200 μm, mostly 50–75 μm) were predominant. According to this cell-size structure, on average, diatoms contained 40% more carbon per cell than dinoflagellates. Contrasting carbon content estimates were observed within the genera of both microalgae. Large carbon averages (>10,000 pg C cell-1) were attributed to Gonyaulacal and some occasional genera of dinoflagellates (e.g., Pyrocystis and Noctiluca) and centric diatoms. In contrast, values up to 3 orders of magnitude lower were found for Peridinial and Gymnodinial dinoflagellates and pennate diatoms. Based on these carbon content estimates, which can be considered representative for most of this oceanic ecosystem, seasonal and regional differences were found in the biomass assessments conducted for these functional groups. Overall, dinoflagellates (mostly low-carbon Gymnodinales) had larger depth-integrated biomass than diatoms (mainly rich-carbon centric forms) within the euphotic zone. An exception to it was the late-summer cruise at the Coatzacoalcos region when a surface bloom of centric diatoms was observed in stations influenced by river runoff. This work contributes useful reference information for future ecological studies and models for understanding the biogeochemical functioning of this open-ocean ecosystem. © 2021 Linacre et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Carbon, biomass, Oceanic ecosystem, Southern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Hyperiid amphipods from the Gulf of Ulloa and offshore region, Baja California: The possible role of the gelatinous zooplankton as a transport vector into the coastal shelf waters

Bertha Lavaniegos (2020, [Artículo])

Hyperiid amphipod species from the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California, and the adjacent region (from the shelf break to 200 km offshore) were analyzed to evaluate diversity and abundances. This productive area supports small-scale commercial fisheries, including sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), abalones, clams, and others. Strong coastal upwelling events were observed during summer seasons of the period 2002-2008 between Punta Eugenia and Punta Abreojos. The upwelling plumes at Punta Abreojos are transported southward in slope waters bordering the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, contributing to the separation of coastal and oceanic regions, and explain differences in amphipod diversity and abundances between both regions. In the offshore region, the most abundant species were Vibilia armata, Lestrigonus schizogeneios, Primno brevidens, and Eupronoe minuta, similar to previous findings in northern regions of Baja California and southern California. However, abundances of these species were lower (10-30 individuals/1000 m3), only reaching 20-50% of abundance levels reported off northern Baja California. In the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, amphipods were virtually absent during 2002, 2003 and 2006. However, during 2004 and 2005, abundances of P. brevidens increased (54 and 20 ind/1000 m3, respectively). Moreover, during the late summer of 2007, abundances of L. schizogeneios, P. brevidens, Lycaea nasuta, Lycaea pulex, and Simorhynchotus antennarius increased considerably (261, 39, 31, 68, 416 ind/1000 m3, respectively), indicating occasional utilization of the coastal shelf by pelagic amphipods. Changes in gelatinous populations (medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, doliolids, and salps) paralleled changes in hyperiid populations, with highest abundances in 2005-2008 in the coastal shelf. Significant correlations of 17 amphipod species with gelatinous taxa, which are often used as host organisms by hyperiid amphipods, suggest that gelatinous presence enhanced hyperiid abundance and promoted the progression of hyperiid amphipods onto the coastal shelf during parts of the 2002-2008 period. © 2020 Bertha E. Lavaniegos. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

abalone, Amphipoda, article, Baja California, clam, clinical article, Ctenophora, Eugenia, female, fishery, human, human experiment, male, medusa, nonhuman, Panulirus interruptus, plume, summer, zooplankton, Amphipoda, animal, California, ecosystem, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Diversidad de fauna asociada al sargazo (Sargasum fluitans y Sargasum natans) y su relación con las características físicas del agua en el norte del Caribe mexicano

HELDER ABRAHAM BERZUNZA PASOS (2024, [Tesis de maestría])

CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO HIDROLOGÍA HIDROBIOLOGÍA HIDROBIOLOGÍA

El sonido es el alma del Carnaval: Estudio de la dimensión sonora en el carnaval rural de Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Atltzayanca, Tlaxcala

EMMANUEL MENDEZ CANO (2021, [Tesis de maestría])

"El objetivo a alcanzar consiste en conocer cómo opera la dimensión sonora en el desarrollo del Carnaval o danza de Pascua. De esa manera, posibilitará estudiar el modo de acción de las ejecuciones musicales y de los sonidos emitidos por los carnavaleros, así como sus efectos suscitados en los carnavaleros y en la audiencia. Así, el análisis de los aspectos auditivos permitirá entender qué tiene de específico el Carnaval. El contenido de esta tesis se encuentra estructurado en tres capítulos: “Un Carnaval de presencias sonoras”; “Trampas para escuchar” y “Batallas de sonido”. La organización del capitulado se articula en función de los segmentos dancísticos que componen al Carnaval."

Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Atltzayanca, Tlaxcala -- Carnaval HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA ANTROPOLOGÍA ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL

Diseño y evaluación del Club de Educación Ambiental y Sustentabilidad como estrategia para la apropiación de ecotecnias en la escuela Francisco González Bocanegra de la delegación la Pila San Luis Potosí, SLP

MARIANA BUENDIA-OLIVA (2020, [Tesis de doctorado])

Este trabajo se centra en analizar el contexto de una escuela primaria pública ubicada en una zona de alta marginación en México que ha sido beneficiada con la construcción de ecotecnias, para diseñar una propuesta educativa formal que contribuya a su apropiación entre la comunidad educativa. La investigación siguió un enfoque cualitativo. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizaron diversas herramientas; en los maestros y directivos se analizó el nivel de conocimientos y el grado de incorporación de la dimensión ambiental y de sustentabilidad (A&S) en el curriculum, mediante grupos focales, entrevistas y cuestionarios. Con los niños se utilizó la técnica de dibujo y se aplicó un cuestionario diagnóstico para analizar sus conocimientos y sus percepciones sobre temas relacionados con A&S. Los resultados sirvieron para diseñar la estructura y contenidos de un programa educativo acorde a sus necesidades, basado en el uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo.

Una vez diseñada la propuesta se implementó bajo la modalidad de Club en la escuela Francisco González Bocanegra ubicado en la Delegación La Pila, SLP, SLP, México durante el ciclo escolar 2018-2019. El club se ofreció como una actividad diseñada e implementada en el marco de la autonomía curricular y también funcionó como estrategia de acompañamiento del proyecto “Modelo de sustentabilidad para la gobernanza de comunidades vulnerables”. El diseño del club consideró: 1) el análisis del contexto, 2) la sustentabilidad como eje rector y 3) el uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo. La investigación siguió un enfoque mixto. Los resultados permitieron evaluar la efectividad del uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo y la pertinencia del club como herramienta para su apropiación. La sistematización del proceso también contribuyó a identificar alcances y limitaciones del componente de autonomía curricular del NME.

This work focuses on analyzing the context of a public elementary school located in an area of high marginalization in Mexico that has benefited from the construction of ecotechnics, to design a formal educational proposal that contributes to its appropriation educational community. The research followed a qualitative approach. Various tools were used for data collection; teachers and managers analyzed the level of knowledge and degree of incorporation of the environmental and sustainability dimension (A&S) into the curriculum, through focus groups, interviews and questionnaires. Children used the drawing technique and applied a diagnostic questionnaire to analyze their knowledge and perceptions on A&S-related topics. The results served to design the structure and contents of an educational program according to their needs, based on the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource.

Once the proposal was designed it was implemented under the club modality in the Francisco González Bocanegra school located in the La Pila Delegation, SLP, SLP, Mexico during the 2018-2019 school year. The club was offered as an activity designed and implemented within the framework of curriculum autonomy and also served as an accompanying strategy for the project "Sustainability Model for the Governance of Vulnerable Communities". The design of the club considered: 1) the analysis of the context, 2) sustainability as the guiding axis and 3) the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource. The research followed a mixed approach. The results made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource and the relevance of the club as a tool for its appropriation. The systematization of the process also helped to identify scopes and limitations of the curriculum autonomy component of the ENM.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Evaluación de receptores purinérgicos en pacientes con COVID-19

Rubén Omar Urbina Rodríguez (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

Durante COVID-19 el ATP liberado por el tejido pulmonar dañado puede interactuar con los receptores purinérgicos y modificar la respuesta inmune. Debido a su modulación en la respuesta inflamatoria, la actividad purinérgica puede representar un factor de riesgo en los pacientes. En este trabajo se evaluaron perfiles purinérgicos P2X1, P2X4, P2X7 y PA2A en células mononucleares de sangre venosa periférica de 22 pacientes con COVID-19 y 10 sujetos control, por citometría de flujo y qPCR y su relación con parámetros metabólicos y antropométricos. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de los perfiles P2X7 y PA2A durante la enfermedad y parámetros antropométricos y metabólicos como el índice de masa corporal y concentraciones de colesterol LDL.

During COVID-19, ATP released from damaged lung tissue can interact with purinergic receptors and modify the immune response. Due to its modulation in the inflammatory response, purinergic activity may represent a risk factor in patients. In this work, P2X1, P2X4, P2X7 and PA2A purinergic profiles were evaluated in peripheral venous blood mononuclear cells from 22 patients with COVID-19 and 10 control subjects, by flow cytometry and qPCR and their relationship with metabolic and anthropometric parameters. The results demonstrate the importance of the P2X7 and PA2A profiles during the disease and anthropometric and metabolic parameters such as body mass index and LDL cholesterol concentrations.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD