Tasas de pastoreo diarias del zooplacton en una localidad costera de Baja California, México

Ma. Eugenia del Carmen Matus Hernández (1991, [Tesis de maestría])

En una localidad costera de la Bahia de Todos Santos se efectuaron muestreosdiarios durante 15 dias enjulio de 1990. El objetivo fue evaluar las tasas de pastoreo de los herbivoros dominantes (micro y macrozooplancton) sobre la biomasafitoplanct6nica. Las

Productividad primaria,Poblaciones de fitoplancton,Baja California,Ciencias del mar CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE

Utilización de aguajes por el borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis cremnobates) y análisis de calidad del agua en Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, México

Watering sites use by bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis cremnobates) and water quality analysis in Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico

Jonathan Gabriel Escobar Flores SERGIO ALVAREZ CARDENAS Sara Cecilia Díaz Castro Aradit Castellanos Vera Jorge Torres Rodriguez MARIANA DELGADO FERNANDEZ (2016, [Artículo])

"Se analizó la utilización de aguajes por el borrego cimarrón en la Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, México durante la temporada de sequía de 2011 y 2013 y el periodo de lluvias e inicio de la temporada de sequía del 2015. Asimismo, se estudió la calidad del agua, con base en siete parámetros fisicoquímicos. Se obtuvieron 260 registros fotográficos de borregos cimarrones, donde hembras, añeros y corderos representaron el 73%. En el periodo de lluvias, en dos de los aguajes se obtuvieron valores de conductividad de 1.31 µS/cm2 y 1.92 µS/cm2, y de sólidos disueltos totales de l0.65 ppt y 0.95 ppt, indicando un bajo contenido de sales en el agua. Los valores de oxígeno disuelto mayores a 6.4 ppm, dureza del agua menor a 100 ppm y PH entre 6.5 y 8.5, sugieren que el agua tiene condiciones óptimas para ser bebida por los borregos cimarrones. Los aguajes con mayor utilización por los borregos fueron El Zamora (n = 120) y El Cordero (n = 67), donde se registraron las mejores condiciones de calidad de agua en este estudio. El mayor registro de hembras y añeros, asociado a condiciones óptimas de calidad del agua, confirman la importancia de los aguajes para la crianza y reclutamiento del borrego cimarrón."

"Water used by bighorn sheep during the 2011 and 2013 dry seasons and the rainy season and drought of 2015 in the Sierra Santa Isabel of the State of Baja California, Mexico was analyzed for seven physicochemical parameters. At four watering sites, 260 photographs of sheep were obtained. Females, yearlings, and lambs accounted for 73% of the photographs. In the rainy season at two watering sites, conductivity was 1.31 µS/cm2 and 1.92 µS/cm2 and total dissolved solids was 0.65 and 0.95 ppt, indicating low salt content and safe for bighorn sheep. The watering sites with greater use by bighorn sheep were El Zamora (n = 120) and El Cordero (n = 67), which also had the best water quality. The frequent use by females and yearlings of the two sites with optimal water quality support the belief that watering sites for lambing and recruitment of bighorn sheep is important."

Baja California, borrego cimarrón, calidad del agua, cámaras trampa. Baja California, bighorn sheep, water quality, camera traps. BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) MAMÍFEROS MAMÍFEROS

Variación fenotípica de caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos de Hesperoyucca whipplei (Asparagaceae) en Baja California, México

Phenotypic variation of vegetative and reproductive traits of Hesperoyucca whipplei (Asparagaceae) in Baja California, Mexico

Melissa Michelle Alvarez Mexia (2024, [Tesis de maestría])

La variación fenotípica hereditaria de diferentes órganos de las plantas se ha relacionado con adaptaciones para tolerar el ambiente abiótico y mantener relaciones ecológicas. Específicamente se ha planteado que los órganos vegetativos de las plantas están bajo selección por disponibilidad de agua o luz, mientras que la variación de rasgos florales en especies con polinización zoocórica está fuertemente influenciada por sus polinizadores. Esto sugiere que la fortaleza de la covariación fenotípica entre órganos vegetativos y florales puede ser diferente dependiendo del estrés ambiental considerado. Según la hipótesis de Berg, las plantas con sistemas de polinización especializados desvinculan la morfología floral de la variación fenotípica en los caracteres vegetativos debido a la presión selectiva del polinizador. Se probó esto en la yuca de chaparral, Hesperoyucca whipplei, ya que se distribuye en diferentes ambientes a lo largo de la península de Baja California, y es polinizada únicamente por la polilla Tegeticula maculata. Esperamos que la heterogeneidad ambiental afecte principalmente a los niveles de variación fenotípica de los órganos vegetativos de las poblaciones de H. whipplei, causando cambios en la morfología entre poblaciones. Sin embargo, dada la polinización obligada, esperamos que la variación de los rasgos florales sea menor que la variación de sus rasgos vegetativos. Para probarlo, se tomaron datos morfométricos vegetativos y reproductivos de 202 individuos en 16 localidades. Los resultados mostraron amplia variación fenotípica en los caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos no florales y una menor variación fenotípica en los caracteres florales, especialmente el pistilo, con el cual interactúa directamente el polinizador. La temperatura y precipitación influyeron significativamente en la variación de la altura total de la planta y sobre los pétalos y pistilo en las flores. Se detectó una asociación entre los caracteres vegetativos y los reproductivos no florales, mientras que no se encontró una relación con los caracteres florales. A partir de esto se identificaron dos módulos fenotípicos altamente integrados, uno vegetativo y uno floral, lo que respalda la hipótesis de Berg y sugiere que experimentan presiones de selección diferentes. Nuestros hallazgos resaltan como la variación fenotípica en poblaciones de plantas es modulada por condiciones ambientales e interacciones ecológicas.

Hereditary phenotypic variation of different plant organs has been related to adaptations that allow them to tolerate the abiotic environment and maintain ecological relationships with other organisms. Specifically, it has been proposed that the vegetative organs of the plants are under selection due to the availability of water or sunlight, while the variation of floral traits in species with zoochoric pollination is strongly influenced by their pollinators. This suggests that the strength of the phenotypic co-variation between vegetative and floral organs may be different depending on the environmental stress considered. According to Berg's hypothesis, plants with specialized pollination systems dissociate floral morphology from phenotypic variation in vegetative traits due to selective pressure from the pollinator. The chaparral yuca, Hesperoyucca whipplei, is a good model to test this, since it is distributed in different environments along the Baja California peninsula, and this plant is pollinated only by the Tegeticula maculata moth. We expect that environmental heterogeneity primarily affects the levels of phenotypic variation of the vegetative organs of H. whipplei populations, causing changes in morphology between populations. However, given the obligatory pollination by the moth, we expect that the variation in the floral traits will be lesser than the variation in their vegetative traits. To test this, vegetative and reproductive morphometric data were taken from 202 individuals in 16 locations. The results showed wide phenotypic variation in vegetative and non-floral reproductive traits and lower phenotypic variation in floral traits, especially the pistil, which directly interacts with the pollinator. Temperature and precipitation significantly influenced the variation of the total height of the plant and on the petals and pistil in the flowers. An association was detected between vegetative and non-floral reproductive characters, while no relationship was found with floral characters. From this, two highly integrated phenotypic modules, one vegetative and one floral, were identified, which supports Berg's hypothesis and suggests that they experience different selection pressures. Our findings highlight how phenotypic variation in plant populations is modulated by environmental conditions and ecological interactions.

Baja California, Hesperoyucca whipplei, hipótesis de Berg, variación fenotípica Baja California, Berg’s hypothesis, Hesperoyucca whipplei, phenotypic variation BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Hábitos alimenticios y aportación nutricional de la dieta de Paralichthys californicus, en la Bahía de Todos Santos y estero de Punta Banda, Ensenada, B.C

María Idalia Sandoval Muy (1995, [Tesis de maestría])

Se analizaron 289 estómagos para describir la dieta de Paralichthys californicus en la Bahía de Todos Santos y el Estero de Punta Banda (junio de 1992 a marzo de 1993), realizando una separación por área y estación (invierno y verano). Se determinó realizar la descripción de la dieta a nivel de grupos presa para categorizar las presas ingeridas, y se emplearon los índices de porciento numérico, de peso, de frecuencia de ocurrencia, y el Índice de Importancia Relativa (IIR). Los organismos de la bahía presentaron mayor talla promedio (154.2 ±D.E.37.2mm) que los colectados en el estero (107.9 ±36.85mm), la cual fue diferente (K-W, p<0.001) tanto entre las dos áreas como entre invierno y verano de cada zona. En ambos lugares los organismos de menor talla se encontraron en invierno. Se identificaron cuatro presas a nivel familia, ocho a nivel género, y 15 a nivel especie. Los principales componentes de la dieta en la bahía durante invierno, fueron mysidos con 88.4% del I.I.R. (Metainysidopsis elongata, 62. l %), carideos (10%) y peces; en el verano el grupo más importante nuevamente fue mysidos (98.7%), y el resto gamáridos, carideos y peces. De las presas presentes en el estero, los peces fueron los más importantes (95.6%) en el invierno destacando góbidos (60.63%) y principalmente Ilypnus gilberti (30.5%); en el verano, varias especies de góbidos 31.68% y otras especies de peces (35.2%). Se encontraron diferencias (p<0.01) en el número de presas tanto entre las dos áreas como entre el invierno y el verano de ambos lugares. En el estero, se detectaron diferencias en el porcentaje de proteínas de los contenidos estomacales en los dos grupos de tallas y estaciones del año; un resultado similar fue para lípidos. Una estimación de las calorías con base en el contenido de lípidos y proteínas de las principales presas, indicó que el aporte calórico al depredador está en función del número y tipo de presa ingerida y no a la selección de las presas por el lenguado, esto puede reflejar la disponibilidad del alimento. Los valores de ración diaria fueron mayores para la bahía (0.22-0.24 Kcal/g) que para el estero (0.10-0.12 Kcal/g), y no se encontró un efecto del cambio de temperatura entre verano e invierno (Q10 <1.4) para ambos lugares.

A total of 289 stomachs were analyzed to describe the diet of Paralichthys californicus juveniles in Bahía de Todos Santos and Estero de Punta Banda, B.C., México (June 1992 to March 1993); after the collection, the stomachs were grouped in winter and summer seasons of each area. Diet was described to higher-1evel taxonomic categories based on the percent in number, wet weight, and frequency of occurrence and the prey importance by the Index of Relative Importance (IIR). Largest organisms (154.2± D.E.37.2mm SL) were found in the hay than those from the estuary (107.9±.36.85mm), with a significative difference between areas and between winter and summer of each site (K-W, <0.001) In both areas the minor size organisms were collected during winter. The lowest taxon identified as preys in both areas were four at family leve1, and eight to genus and 15 to species level. Mysids (IRI = 88.4%) with Metamysidopsis elongata (62.1 %), carideans (10.2%), and fishes were the most important food items in the bay during winter; in summer, the mysids (IRI = 98.4%, M. elongata, IRI = 35.3%), carideans (0.9%) and the fishes, again. ln the estuary (winter), the rnost important were the fishes (IRI = 95.6%) with members of the gobies (60.63%) mainly llypnus gilberti (30.5%); a small percent was provided by invertebrates (0.08%); in summer, the fishes (66.9%), gamarids (17%) and the mysids ( 13. 8%) domínate the diet. Significant differences was found in prey numbers between areas and between seasons of each site. In the estuary, differences in the protein content from stomachs of two groups size were found; these differences were detected between seasons, and similar results was detected in lipids. The calories values (based in lipid and protein content) from the main prey, indicate that the caloric contribution is a function of kind and prey numbers, more than the selection by the halibul, this may indicate the food disponibility. The daily ration in bay (0.22-0.24 Kcal/g) was greater than in the estuary (0.10-0.12), and no effect of the temperature change in summer and winter (Q10 <1.4) for both areas were found.

Lenguado de california,Paralichthys californicus,Bahía de Todos Santos,Estero de Punta Banda,Baja California,Ciencias del mar CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE

Does access to improved grain storage technology increase farmers' welfare? Experimental evidence from maize farming in Ethiopia

Hugo De Groote Bart Minten (2024, [Artículo])

Seasonal price variability for cereals is two to three times higher in Africa than on the international reference market. Seasonality is even more pronounced when access to appropriate storage and opportunities for price arbitrage are limited. As smallholder farmers typically sell their production after harvest, when prices are low, this leads to lower incomes as well as higher food insecurity during the lean season, when prices are high. One solution to reduce seasonal stress is the use of improved storage technologies. Using data from a randomised controlled trial, in a major maize-growing region of Western Ethiopia, we study the impact of hermetic bags, a technology that protects stored grain against insect pests, so that the grain can be stored longer. Despite considerable price seasonality—maize prices in the lean season are 36% higher than after harvesting—we find no evidence that hermetic bags improve welfare, except that access to these bags allowed for a marginally longer storage period of maize intended for sale by 2 weeks. But this did not translate into measurable welfare gains as we found no changes in any of our welfare outcome indicators. This ‘near-null’ effect is due to the fact that maize storage losses in our study region are relatively lower than previous studies suggested—around 10% of the quantity stored—likely because of the widespread use of an alternative to protect maize during storage, for example a cheap but highly toxic fumigant. These findings are important for policies that seek to promote improved storage technologies in these settings.

Hermetic Storage Randomised Controlled Trial CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA STORAGE PILOT FARMS SEASONALITY WELFARE MAIZE

Transpiration of a tropical dry deciduous forest in Yucatan, Mexico

EVELYN RAQUEL SALAS ACOSTA José Luis Andrade Torres Jorge Perera ROBERTH ARMANDO US SANTAMARIA bernardo figueroa-espinoza Jorge M. Uuh-Sonda EDUARDO CEJUDO ESPINOSA (2022, [Artículo])

The study of forest hydrology and its relationships with climate requires accurate estimates of water inputs, outputs, and changes in reservoirs. Evapotranspiration is frequently the least studied component when addressing the water cycle; thus, it is important to obtain direct measurements of evaporation and transpiration. This study measured transpiration in a tropical dry deciduous forest in Yucatán (Mexico) using the thermal dissipation method (Granier-type sensors) in representative species of this vegetation type. We estimated stand transpiration and its relationship with allometry, diameter-at-breast-height categories, and previously published equations. We found that transpiration changes over time, being higher in the rainy season. Estimated daily transpiration ranged from 0.562 to 0.690 kg m–2 d–1 in the late dry season (April–May) and from 0.686 to 1.29 kg m–2 d–1 in the late rainy season (September–October), accounting for up to 51% of total evapotranspiration in the rainy season. These daily estimates are consistent with previous reports for tropical dry forests and other vegetation types. We found that transpiration was not species-specific; diameter at breast height (DBH) was a reliable way of estimating transpiration because water use was directly related to allometry. Direct measurement of transpiration would increase our ability to accurately estimate water availability and assess the responses of vegetation to climate change. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

SAP FLUX SEASONALITY STAND TRANSPIRATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DRY DECIDUOUS FOREST BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Variaciones en un transecto profundo frente a la costa de Nayarit, México

Emilio Palacios Hernández Luis Brito Castillo LAURA ELENA CARRILLO BIBRIEZCA CARLOS EDUARDO CABRERA RAMOS JORGE MANUEL MONTES ARECHIGA (2022, [Artículo])

"Six oceanographic cruises in a NE-SW transect were made nearshore of southern Sinaloa and Nayarit from March 2006 through May 2008, where no in situ hydrographic data are available. Applying the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10) to the observations, the hydrography and geostrophic currents of the region were characterized. Results indicate that surface variability (0-50 m) emerged mainly from seasonal atmospheric forcing. A relative salinity maximum was present during all cruises below this surface layer, which is attributed to a water mass intrusion of Subtropical Subsurface Water that could be associated with the Mexican Coastal Current. Another water mass intrusion is from the California Current. Samples from the 2007-2008 La Niña produced an uncommon circulation, where water flowing from the Gulf of California along the coast of Sinaloa was observed, opposite to what is commonly known as a mean circulation. This uncommon circulation matches the generation of anticyclonic eddies around the Islas Marias archipelago."

Gulf of California, Mexican Coastal Current, Nayarit Coast, seasonal variation, La Niña CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA DESCRIPTIVA OCEANOGRAFÍA DESCRIPTIVA

Hyperiid amphipods from the Gulf of Ulloa and offshore region, Baja California: The possible role of the gelatinous zooplankton as a transport vector into the coastal shelf waters

Bertha Lavaniegos (2020, [Artículo])

Hyperiid amphipod species from the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California, and the adjacent region (from the shelf break to 200 km offshore) were analyzed to evaluate diversity and abundances. This productive area supports small-scale commercial fisheries, including sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), abalones, clams, and others. Strong coastal upwelling events were observed during summer seasons of the period 2002-2008 between Punta Eugenia and Punta Abreojos. The upwelling plumes at Punta Abreojos are transported southward in slope waters bordering the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, contributing to the separation of coastal and oceanic regions, and explain differences in amphipod diversity and abundances between both regions. In the offshore region, the most abundant species were Vibilia armata, Lestrigonus schizogeneios, Primno brevidens, and Eupronoe minuta, similar to previous findings in northern regions of Baja California and southern California. However, abundances of these species were lower (10-30 individuals/1000 m3), only reaching 20-50% of abundance levels reported off northern Baja California. In the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, amphipods were virtually absent during 2002, 2003 and 2006. However, during 2004 and 2005, abundances of P. brevidens increased (54 and 20 ind/1000 m3, respectively). Moreover, during the late summer of 2007, abundances of L. schizogeneios, P. brevidens, Lycaea nasuta, Lycaea pulex, and Simorhynchotus antennarius increased considerably (261, 39, 31, 68, 416 ind/1000 m3, respectively), indicating occasional utilization of the coastal shelf by pelagic amphipods. Changes in gelatinous populations (medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, doliolids, and salps) paralleled changes in hyperiid populations, with highest abundances in 2005-2008 in the coastal shelf. Significant correlations of 17 amphipod species with gelatinous taxa, which are often used as host organisms by hyperiid amphipods, suggest that gelatinous presence enhanced hyperiid abundance and promoted the progression of hyperiid amphipods onto the coastal shelf during parts of the 2002-2008 period. © 2020 Bertha E. Lavaniegos. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

abalone, Amphipoda, article, Baja California, clam, clinical article, Ctenophora, Eugenia, female, fishery, human, human experiment, male, medusa, nonhuman, Panulirus interruptus, plume, summer, zooplankton, Amphipoda, animal, California, ecosystem, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

La organización social de los frontereños. De las juntas vecinales al ayuntamiento en Baja California durante el siglo XIX

Abraham Uribe Núñez (2024, [Tesis de doctorado])

En septiembre de 1876, el presidente municipal Manuel A. punto Ferrer, escribió una carta al presidente de México Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, en la cual describió que en el pueblo minero de Real del Castillo habían campamentos reciente improvisados por algunos colonos mexicanos, estadounidenses y europeos, A diferencia de otras localidades del partido norte de baja California que estaban habitados por una diversidad de pueblos originarios y frontereños, un gentilicio adoptado por un conjunto de familias descendientes de los antiguos soldados misionales y algunos indios neófitos agrupados en los pueblos de misión fundados por la orden de los dominicanos en las postrimerías del siglo XVIII, pero poco antes del abandono de los frailes durante el fenecimiento de las misiones, la jura de la independencia y la secularización liberal e inicios del siglo XXI, asumieron El dominio territorial en esta demarcación que consolidaron con la instauración de ranchos que producían recursos limitados y provenientes de las ganaderías de libre pastoreo y agricultura en tierras de panllevar.

Frontera México-Estados Unidos -- Condiciones Sociales Baja California -- Condiciones Sociales -- Siglo XIX CIENCIAS SOCIALES HISTORIA HISTORIA

Do marine reserves increase prey for California sea lions and Pacific harbor seals?

ALEJANDRO ARIAS DEL RAZO (2019, [Artículo])

Community marine reserves are geographical areas closed to fishing activities, implemented and enforced by the same fishermen that fish around them. Their main objective is to recover commercial stocks of fish and invertebrates. While marine reserves have proven successful in many parts of the world, their success near important marine predator colonies, such as the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), is yet to be analyzed. In response to the concerns expressed by local fishermen about the impact of the presence of pinnipeds on their communities’ marine reserves, we conducted underwater surveys around four islands in the Pacific west of the Baja California Peninsula: two without reserves (Todos Santos and San Roque); one with a recently established reserve (San Jeronimo); and, a fourth with reserves established eight years ago (Natividad). All these islands are subject to similar rates of exploitation by fishing cooperatives with exclusive rights. We estimated fish biomass and biodiversity in the seas around the islands, applying filters for potential California sea lion and harbor seal prey using known species from the literature. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that the age of the reserve has a significant positive effect on fish biomass, while the site (inside or outside of the reserve) did not, with a similar result found for the biomass of the prey of the California sea lion. Fish biodiversity was also higher around Natividad Island, while invertebrate biodiversity was higher around San Roque. These findings indicate that marine reserves increase overall fish diversity and biomass, despite the presence of top predators, even increasing the numbers of their potential prey. Community marine reserves may help to improve the resilience of marine mammals to climate-driven phenomena and maintain a healthy marine ecosystem for the benefit of both pinnipeds and fishermen. © 2019 Arias-Del-Razo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, biodiversity, biomass, climate change, ecosystem resilience, environmental exploitation, fish stock, fishing, marine environment, marine invertebrate, nonhuman, Phoca vitulina, Pinnipedia, prey searching, Zalophus californianus, animal, biom BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)