On-farm storage loss estimates of maize in Kenya using community survey methods

Hugo De Groote Anani Bruce (2023, [Artículo])

Maize is the most important staple in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with highly seasonal production. High storage losses affect food security, but good estimations are lacking. A new method using focus group discussions (FGDs) was tested with 121 communities (1439 farmers, 52% women) in Kenya's six maize-growing zones, to estimate the maize losses to storage pests and analyze farmer practices. As control strategies, half of the farmers used chemical pesticides (49%), while hermetic bags (16%) and botanicals (15%) were also popular. Relative loss from weevils in the long rains was estimated at 23%, in the short rains 18%, and annually 21%. Fewer farmers were affected by the larger grain borer (LGB) than by maize weevils: 42% in the long rainy season and 32% in the short rainy season; losses from LGB were also smaller: 19% in the long season, 17% in the short season, and 18% over the year. Total storage loss, from both species combined, was estimated at 36%, or 671,000 tonnes per year. The greatest losses occur in the humid areas, especially the moist mid-altitudes (56%), and with smaller loss in the drylands (20–23%). Extrapolating the point data and overlaying with the maize production map shows the geographic distribution of the losses, with the most important area found around Lake Victoria. FGDs provide convenient and cheap tools to estimate storage losses in representative communities, but a total loss estimate of 36% is higher than is found in other studies, so its accuracy and framing effects need to be assessed. We conclude that storage pests remain a major problem, especially in western Kenya, and that the use of environmentally friendly technologies such as hermetic storage and botanicals needs more attention, both by the public extension service and private agrodealers.

Larger Grain Borer Maize Weevil CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE STORAGE LOSSES PESTS SURVEY METHODS

Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize

C.M. Parihar Hari Sankar Nayak Dipaka Ranjan Sena Renu Pandey Mahesh Gathala ML JAT (2023, [Artículo])

The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and 30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to enhance the system adaptability.

Net Returns Subsurface Drip Irrigation Subsurface Drip Fertigation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA EFFICIENCY GRAIN NITROGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSIOLOGY WATER SUPPLY CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FERTIGATION GROUNDWATER NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY WATER PRODUCTIVITY

Genetic potential of tropically adapted exotic maize (Zea mays L.) heat-tolerant donor lines in sub-tropical breeding programs

Casper Nyaradzai Kamutando Cosmos Magorokosho Pervez Zaidi (2023, [Artículo])

Gene Action Grain Yield CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA COMBINING ABILITY EXOTIC GERMPLASM GRAIN YIELDS HEAT STRESS

Multi-modal deep learning improves grain yield prediction in wheat breeding by fusing genomics and phenomics

Xu Wang Sandesh Kumar Shrestha Philomin Juliana Suchismita Mondal Francisco Pinto Govindan Velu Leonardo Abdiel Crespo Herrera JULIO HUERTA_ESPINO Ravi Singh Jesse Poland (2023, [Artículo])

New Crop Varieties Plant Breeding Programs Yield Prediction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA LEARNING GRAIN YIELDS WHEAT BREEDING FOOD SECURITY

Use of DH lines in maize breeding programs: CIMMYT experience

Yoseph Beyene (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE BREEDING PROGRAMMES HYBRIDS MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION GRAIN YIELDS

Climate smart bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety development for optimum moisture areas of Ethiopia

Bekele Abeyo Ayele Badebo Huluka (2023, [Artículo])

GGE Biplot AMMI Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SOFT WHEAT ENVIRONMENT GENOTYPES GRAIN YIELDS

Efficacy of drought-tolerant and insect-protected transgenic TELA® maize traits in Nigeria

Yoseph Beyene (2023, [Artículo])

Stem Borer TELA® Hybrids CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FALL ARMYWORMS GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION STEM EATING INSECTS TRANSGENIC PLANTS MAIZE HYBRIDS

Discovery of genomic regions associated with grain yield and agronomic traits in Bi-parental populations of maize (Zea mays. L) under optimum and low nitrogen conditions

Noel Ndlovu Vijay Chaikam Berhanu Tadesse Ertiro Biswanath Das Yoseph Beyene Charles Spillane Prasanna Boddupalli Manje Gowda (2023, [Artículo])

Grain Yield Low Soil Nitrogen CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GRAIN NITROGEN SOIL CHEMICOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES MAIZE QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI

Gene editing to accelerate crop breeding

Kanwarpal Dhugga (2022, [Artículo])

Accelerated Breeding Grain Biofortification Maize Lethal Necrosis Rust Resistance Site-Directed Nuclease Scenarios CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BREEDING BACKCROSSING DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE EDITING GRAIN BIOFORTIFICATION RUSTS

Identification of genetic loci for grain yield-related traits in the wheat population Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22

Jingyang Tong Ming Li xianchun xia Zhonghu He Yong Zhang (2023, [Artículo])

Grain Yield KASP Marker QTL Mapping SNP Chip CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GRAIN YIELDS QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI MAPPING SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS WHEAT BREEDING