EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD Y EXPRESIÓN GÉNICA DE ENZIMAS ANTIOXIDANTES (SOD, GPX, GST, GR y CAT) COMO BIOMARCADORES DE EXPOSICIÓN A FTALATOS EN CULTIVO CELULAR

Elizabeth Brassea Pérez (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

"El plastificante bis(2-etilhexilo) ftalato (DEHP) altera el equilibrio entre la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno y las defensas antioxidantes. A pesar de la información disponible sobre los efectos tóxicos del DEHP en organismos modelo, la respuesta celular al DEHP en especies naturalmente adaptadas para tolerar el estrés oxidativo aún no se ha explorado. Los mamíferos marinos están naturalmente adaptados para hacer frente al estrés oxidativo derivado de la isquemia/reperfusión inducida por el buceo. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los cambios en los indicadores de estrés oxidativo asociados al DEHP en células de músculo esquelético de humanos (Homo sapiens sapiens) y lobos marinos de California (Zalophus californianus). Se recolectaron muestras de músculo abdominal de mujeres sanas sometidas a cesárea programada, tras obtener su consentimiento informado. Las muestras de músculo de lobo marino se obtuvieron de crías encontradas recientemente muertas en la colonia de Los Islotes, Golfo de California. Las células de músculo esquelético se aislaron y cultivaron en condiciones estándar. Las células se dividieron en dos grupos. Un grupo fue expuesto a DEHP (1 mM) durante 13 días (n=25; exposición), el otro grupo se mantuvo bajo condiciones control, es decir sin DEHP añadido (n=25; control). Se midió la producción de radical superóxido (O2•-), el daño oxidativo, la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes y la expresión génica mediante métodos espectrofotométricos y RT-qPCR. En células expuestas al DEHP la producción de O2•- y la actividad de superóxido dismutasa (SOD) fueron mayores que en las células bajo condiciones control para ambas especies. La actividad de glutatión S-transferasa (GST) y los niveles de carbonilos proteicos (PC) aumentaron significativamente en las células humanas expuestas a DEHP, y no significativamente en las células de lobo marino. Por el contrario, las actividades de glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) y catalasa (CAT) aumentaron significativamente en las células de lobo marino, pero no en las de humano expuestas a DEHP. Se observó una expresión diferencial de los genes implicados en el metabolismo redox entre las células control y expuestas a DEHP y entre especies. Los patrones de expresión de 26 y 19 genes fueron significativamente diferentes en las células humanas y de lobo marino, respectivamente, después de la exposición a DEHP. En las células humanas, la expresión de la GST1 microsomal y la GST (κ, μ, θ, ω y ᴢ) fue mayor,

"The plasticizer bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dysregulates the balance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defenses. Despite the information available on DEHP’s hazardous effects in model species, the cellular response to DEHP in organisms naturally adapted to tolerate oxidative stress remains unexplored. Marine mammals are naturally adapted to cope with oxidative stress derived from diving-induced ischemia/reperfusion. The objective of this study was to compare changes in oxidative stress indicators induced by DEHP in human (Homo sapiens sapiens) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) skeletal muscle cells. Abdominal muscle samples were collected from healthy women undergoing planned cesarean surgery at full term after obtaining informed consent. Sea lion muscle samples were obtained from recently deceased pups at Los Islotes rookery, Gulf of California. Skeletal muscle cells were isolated and cultured under standard conditions. Cells were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 1 mM DEHP for 13 days (n=25; treatment), and the other served as a control (n=25; no DEHP). Superoxide radical (O2•-) production, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression were measured using spectrophotometric methods and RT-qPCR. DEHP exposure increased O2•- production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both species. While the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and protein carbonyls (PC) levels significantly increased in human cells, these indicators showed a non-significant elevation in sea lion cells. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly in sea lion but not in human cultures exposed to DEHP. Genes involved in redox metabolism showed differential expression between treatments and species. DEHP exposure led to widespread modifications in gene expression patterns, with 26 and 19 differentially expressed genes in human and sea lion cells, respectively. In human cells, DEHP increased GST1 and GST (κ, μ, θ, ω, and ᴢ), while suppressing 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), CAT, GR, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression, suggesting increased oxidative stress and phase two detoxification processes. In contrast, DEHP increased OGG1, NRF2, GPx2 and SOD3 expression, suggesting that DEHP activates antioxidant defenses in sea lion cells, potentially contributing to maintain redox homeostasis and avoid oxidative...

Contaminantes emergentes, enzimas antioxidantes, estrés oxidativo, mamíferos, Una Salud Antioxidant enzymes, emerging pollutants, mammals, One Health, oxidative stress BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA QUÍMICA BIOQUÍMICA ENZIMOLOGIA ENZIMOLOGIA

An anion conductance, the essential component of the hydroxyl-radical-induced Ion current in plant roots

IGOR POTTOSIN ALBERTO ISAAC ZEPEDA JAZO JAYACUMAR BOSE (2018, [Artículo])

Oxidative stress signaling is essential for plant adaptation to hostile environments. Previous studies revealed the essentiality of hydroxyl radicals (HO•)-induced activation of massive K+ efflux and a smaller Ca2+ influx as an important component of plant adaptation to a broad range of abiotic stresses. Such activation would modify membrane potential making it more negative. Contrary to these expectations, here, we provide experimental evidence that HO• induces a strong depolarization, from −130 to −70 mV, which could only be explained by a substantial HO•-induced efflux of intracellular anions. Application of Gd3+ and NPPB, non-specific blockers of cation and anion conductance, respectively, reduced HO• induced ion fluxes instantaneously, implying a direct block of the dual conductance. The selectivity of an early instantaneous HO•-induced whole cell current fluctuated from more anionic to more cationic and vice versa, developing a higher cation selectivity at later times. The parallel electroneutral efflux of K+ and anions should underlie a substantial leak of the cellular electrolyte, which may affect the cell’s turgor and metabolic status. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed in the context of cell fate determination, and ROS and cytosolic K+ signaling

BIOQUÍMICA Anions Membrane potentials (Electrophysiology) Patch-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology) Oxidative stress Anion conductance Electrolyte leakage Hydroxyl radical

Morphological Alterations in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Exposed to di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (dehp) in Primary Cell Culture Conditions

Alteraciones Morfológicas en Células Musculares Esqueléticas Humanas Expuestas a Ftalato de di-(2-etilhexilo) (dehp) en Condiciones de Cultivo Celular Primario

Pablo Hernández Almaraz ORLANDO LUGO LUGO Ramón Gaxiola Robles OSCAR KURT BITZER QUINTERO Luis Javier Ramírez Jirano Elizabeth Brassea Pérez TANIA ZENTENO SAVIN (2022, [Artículo])

"Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is among the most common plasticizer additives that humans are in contact with daily. DEHP can be released from plastic and enter the human body, whereby it is metabolized and transformed into oxidative hydrophilic molecules. Clinical follow-ups in patients exposed to this phthalate and investigations in cultures of several cell types have provided information on its effects. For example, it is associated with inhibition of diploid human cell development and morphological changes in cultured germ cells. Although skeletal muscle represents around 50 % of the human body mass, knowledge about the effects of DEHP on this tissue is poor. Cultured skeletal muscle cells were exposed to DEHP (1 mM) for 13 days with the aim of exploring and evaluating some of the potential morphological effects. Three culture development parameters and nine cell characteristics were monitored during the bioassay. At 13 days, growth area, cell viability, and concentration of total proteins were lower in DEHP exposed than in control cells. Cell width and area, as well as the diameter of the nucleus and nucleolus, were greater in exposed cells than in control cells. These are interpreted as signs of cytotoxicity and suggest potential adverse effects on the development of skeletal muscle cells from DEHP exposure, as reported for other cell types."

Emerging pollutants, Morphometry, Phthalates, Plasticizers, Toxicity MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS MÉDICAS BIOLOGÍA HUMANA FISIOLOGÍA DEL MÚSCULO FISIOLOGÍA DEL MÚSCULO

Commodity crops in biodiversity-rich production landscapes: Friends or foes? The example of cotton in the Mid Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe

Frédéric Baudron Ken Giller (2022, [Artículo])

Land Sparing Land Sharing Human-Wildlife Conflicts CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIODIVERSITY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS LAND COVER LANDSCAPE MAMMALS CASH CROPS HUMAN-WILDLIFE RELATIONS LAND USE CHANGE

Influence of poverty concerns on demand for healthier processed foods: A field experiment in Mexico City

Marrit Van den Berg Jason Donovan (2023, [Artículo])

Living in poverty can present cognitive biases that exacerbate constraints to achieving healthier diets. Better diets could imply food choice upgrades within certain food categories, such as electing processed foods with an improved nutritional profile. This study evaluated the influence of monetary and health concerns on the willingness to pay (WTP) for healthier processed foods in a low-income section of Mexico City. We employed priming techniques from the scarcity literature, which are applied for the first time to healthier food purchasing behaviours in low-income settings. Our predictions are based on a dual system framework, with choices resulting from the interaction of deliberative and affective aspects. The WTP was elicited through a BDM mechanism with 423 participants. Results showed that induced poverty concerns reduced the valuations of one of the study's healthier food varieties by 0.17 standard deviations. The latter effect did not differ by income level. The WTP for a healthier bread product but one with relatively high sugar and fat content was reduced by induced poverty concerns only among certain consumers without bread purchasing restrictions (78% of the sample). Potential mechanisms were assessed through regression analysis and structural equation modelling. The relationship between poverty concerns and WTP was mediated by increased levels of stress. While we could not rule out impact on cognitive load, it was not deemed a mediator in this study. Our findings signal that improvements in economic and psychological well-being among low-income consumers may aid to increase their demand for healthier processed foods.

Healthier Diets Poverty Psychology Dual System Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DIET POVERTY PSYCHOLOGY STRESS WILLINGNESS TO PAY

Genetic variability for aluminium tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Subhash Chander Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira (2022, [Artículo])

Characterization Variability CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ALUMINIUM TOXICITY STRESS SUNFLOWERS GENETIC VARIATION

Genetic gains in early maturing maize hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Southern Africa during 2000–2018

Amsal Tarekegne Dagne Wegary Gissa Jill Cairns Mainassara Zaman-Allah Yoseph Beyene Adefris Teklewold Kindie Tesfaye MacDonald Jumbo Biswanath Das THOKOZILE NDHLELA Xavier Mhike Prasanna Boddupalli (2024, [Artículo])

Early-Maturity Stress Tolerance CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DROUGHT TOLERANCE EARLY MATURATION GENETIC GAIN HYBRIDS STRESS MAIZE

Genotyping by sequencing advancements in barley

Naeela Qureshi Mohammad Pourkheirandish (2022, [Artículo])

Genotyping by Sequencing Target Enrichment CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BARLEY GENOTYPING RESTRICTION ENZYMES SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM

DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS (DS) AND CITIES: A SOCIOECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE FOR THE MEXICAN CASE

Jorge López Martínez Déborah Féber González (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article presents an analysis of the proportion of the population that lives in the 20 top cities of Mexico. Population that suffers from moderate to severe Depressive Symptoms (DS) in relation to urban and socioeconomic factors typical of urban territories and comparing them with people living in rural or non-urban environments that suffers DS. To check this, we generated the Complex Index of Socioeconomic and Urban Conditions (CISUC), based on the Mind the GAPS framework, a model that relates the susceptibility or prevention of mental illness in cities based on urban factors, we also used socioeconomic indicators that exist in Mexican cities. For the construction of the ICCSU database, we used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey in the years 2006, 2012 and 2018-19 and the data of the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, A.C. and National Institute of Statistics and Geography in the same years. The results obtained from CISUC were reinforced with the use of a panel data model. The findings that we obtained reveal that there is a more important correlation between cities and people who suffer from moderate to severe DS than in rural areas, a condition that intensifies with the socioeconomic conditions of the population, for example, their socioeconomic stratum, their gender, and present urban marginalization. This allows to generate future discussions about other types of diseases such as anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, and schizophrenia for large population groups. The panel model yields a lower goodness of adjustment, due to the lack of more time points, however, it points out that improvements in socioeconomic and urban conditions slightly reduce depressive symptoms.

mental health depressive symptoms (DS) urban marginalization socioeconomic factors cities salud mental sintomatología depresiva (SD) ciudades marginación urbana factores socioeconómicos CIENCIAS SOCIALESCIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Tackling Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) in eastern Africa through effective phytosanitary approaches

Suresh L.M. Yoseph Beyene Dan Makumbi Manje Gowda Prasanna Boddupalli (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE NECROSIS DISEASE MANAGEMENT PLANT HEALTH GENE EDITING GERMPLASM