Las nuevas redes de centros de desarrollo tecnológico aplicado. Una aproximación al caso británico

Germán Herrera Bartis Patricia Gutti (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Este trabajo lleva a cabo un análisis de la experiencia de Catapult, un programa guberna­mental del Reino Unido surgido una década atrás consistente en la creación y sosteni­miento de una red de nuevos centros de desarrollo tecnológico aplicado destinados a atender las demandas y requerimientos de los actores productivos privados de dicho país. A través del análisis de numerosos documentos oficiales, auditorías del programa y entre­vistas a actores clave el artículo analiza las características centrales de la política en cues­tión, incluyendo los elementos que definen la gobernanza del sistema, el esquema de fi­nanciamiento vigente, el alcance de las actividades tecnológicas de los centros y su vínculo con las empresas privadas.

Tecnología Innovación Desarrollo tecnológico Política industrial Reino Unido CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Impactos de la proximidad geográfica y organizacional en el desarrollo de un sistema productivo: ganadería bovina de doble propósito en Suaqui Grande, Sonora.

ALMA DELIA SANTIAGO SOLANO (2020, [Tesis de doctorado])

Cuando el Estado asigna a las grandes corporaciones agroalimentarias la toma de decisiones sobre los lineamientos rectores de la producción, el desarrollo de los sistemas productivos de pequeña escala depende de las estrategias implementadas por los actores locales para adaptarse a los condicionamientos del mercado. En el entorno económico adverso de 2008, los Soakis, un grupo de pequeños productores ganaderos del municipio de Suaqui Grande, Sonora, México, impulsaron una estrategia de integración de cadenas de valor mediante la adquisición de competencias que incrementaron su competitividad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar y analizar la influencia de los factores de proximidad geográfica y organizacional en el desempeño de un sistema bovino doble propósito. Para ello se realizó un estudio mixto transeccional, que incorpora indicadores de tipo geoespacial, cuantitativo y cualitativo en varias fases: consulta de bases de datos, georeferenciación, 29 entrevistas a profundidad y semiestructuradas aplicadas a informantes clave y a los actores productivos, además de observación participante. El resultado inmediato de la estrategia fue obtener capacidad para sortear los efectos de la crisis multifactorial sobre la ganadería sonorense en el periodo 2010-2016; mientras que el resto de los municipios del distrito reportaron pérdidas y parálisis en sus sistemas productivos con una contracción a nivel distrital de 31% en el stock ganadero, los Soakis presentaron un hato más resistente al cambio climático derivado de su estrategia de depuración genética, lo cual les habilitó para aumentar en 86% el volumen y en 99% el valor de la producción de leche. Una de las principales conclusiones de esta investigación, es que la especificidad de las condiciones geográficas del municipio incidió en la construcción de capital humano capaz de activar los recursos territoriales y de consolidar el sistema productivo pecuario. Por un lado, las características espaciales del territorio favorecieron las interrelaciones, la transmisión del conocimiento y de las experiencias bajo una visión compartida de la problemática generando una respuesta coordinada de los actores; y, por otra parte, la organización en redes vinculadas a instituciones gubernamentales y de investigación, facilitó el proceso de capacitación y difusión de tecnologías.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Ganadería bovina Proximidad geográfica Proximidad organizacional Innovación Desarrollo territorial

Assassinatos de mulheres negras no México: Análise desde a conceitualizacao de feminicidio e racioalizacao.

MARISOL ALCOCER PERULERO (2021, [Capítulo de libro])

Este livro analisa as raízes histórico-coloniais do racismo no Brasil, na Bolívia, na Colômbia e no México, aprofundando em suas origens desde a colonização, a escravização de indígenas e africanos durante séculos, a biopolítica de extermínio, submissão, superexploração e negação de suas identidades e culturas; a reprodução da biopolítica de eliminação desses povos até os dias atuais com a renovação de conceitos e discursos eugenistas e discriminatórios, de sua repetição cotidiana em diferentes espaços privados e públicos, nas instituições, nas comunidades, nas famílias, nas relações sociais, no Estado, legitimando e aprofundando as desigualdades estruturais baseadas nos preconceitos de gênero, geracionais, étnico-raciais e de classe social.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA DERECHOS HUMANOS

Can I speak to the manager? The gender dynamics of decision-making in Kenyan maize plots

Rachel Voss Zachary Gitonga Jason Donovan Mariana Garcia-Medina Pauline Muindi (2023, [Artículo])

Gender and social inclusion efforts in agricultural development are focused on making uptake of agricultural technologies more equitable. Yet research looking at how gender relations influence technology uptake often assumes that men and women within a household make farm management decisions as individuals. Relatively little is understood about the dynamics of agricultural decision-making within dual-adult households where individuals’ management choices are likely influenced by others in the household. This study used vignettes to examine decision-making related to maize plot management in 698 dual-adult households in rural Kenya. The results indicated a high degree of joint management of maize plots (55%), although some management decisions—notably those related to purchased inputs—were slightly more likely to be controlled by men, while other decisions—including those related to hiring of labor and maize end uses—were more likely to be made by women. The prevalence of joint decision-making underscores the importance of ensuring that both men’s and women’s priorities and needs are reflected in design and marketing of interventions to support maize production, including those related to seed systems, farmer capacity building, and input delivery.

Intrahousehold Jointness CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER HOUSEHOLDS MAIZE SEED SYSTEMS DECISION MAKING

Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer and planting density levels for maize production under current climate conditions in Northwest Ethiopian midlands

Kindie Tesfaye Dereje Ademe Enyew Adgo (2023, [Artículo])

This study determined the most effective plating density (PD) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate for well-adapted BH540 medium-maturing maize cultivars for current climate condition in north west Ethiopia midlands. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT)-Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Maize model has been utilized to determine the appropriate PD and N-fertilizer rate. An experimental study of PD (55,555, 62500, and 76,900 plants ha−1) and N (138, 207, and 276 kg N ha−1) levels was conducted for 3 years at 4 distinct sites. The DSSAT-CERES-Maize model was calibrated using climate data from 1987 to 2018, physicochemical soil profiling data (wilting point, field capacity, saturation, saturated hydraulic conductivity, root growth factor, bulk density, soil texture, organic carbon, total nitrogen; and soil pH), and agronomic management data from the experiment. After calibration, the DSSAT-CERES-Maize model was able to simulate the phenology and growth parameters of maize in the evaluation data set. The results from analysis of variance revealed that the maximum observed and simulated grain yield, biomass, and leaf area index were recorded from 276 kg N ha−1 and 76,900 plants ha−1 for the BH540 maize variety under the current climate condition. The application of 76,900 plants ha−1 combined with 276 kg N ha−1 significantly increased observed and simulated yield by 25% and 15%, respectively, compared with recommendation. Finally, future research on different N and PD levels in various agroecological zones with different varieties of mature maize types could be conducted for the current and future climate periods.

Maize Model Planting Density CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE MODELS SPACING NITROGEN FERTILIZERS YIELDS

Assessment of resistance mechanisms to fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in tropical maize inbred lines

Anani Bruce Dan Makumbi Yoseph Beyene Prasanna Boddupalli Paul André Calatayud (2023, [Artículo])

Native Resistance Antixenosis Maize Inbred Lines CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA PEST RESISTANCE ANTIBIOSIS DEFENCE MECHANISMS FALL ARMYWORMS MAIZE INBRED LINES

Addressing agricultural labour issues is key to biodiversity-smart farming

Thomas Daum Frédéric Baudron Matin Qaim Ingo Grass (2023, [Artículo])

There is an urgent need for agricultural development strategies that reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. This is especially true in the Global South where population growth is rapid and much of the world's remaining biodiversity is located. Combining conceptual thoughts with empirical insights from case studies in Indonesia and Ethiopia, we argue that such strategies will have to pay more attention to agricultural labour dynamics. Farmers have a strong motivation to reduce the heavy toil associated with farming by adopting technologies that save labour but can negatively affect biodiversity. Labour constraints can also prevent farmers from adopting technologies that improve biodiversity but increase labour intensity. Without explicitly accounting for labour issues, conservation efforts can hardly be successful. We hence highlight the need for biodiversity-smart agriculture, that is farming practices or systems that reconcile biodiversity with land and labour productivity. Our empirical insights suggest that technological and institutional options to reconcile farmers' socio-economic goals and biodiversity conservation exist but that more needs to be done to implement such options at scale.

Land Sharing Trade-Offs CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LABOUR SUSTAINABILITY

Genotype×Environment interaction and stability analysis using GGE biplot for grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes under low moisture stress areas of Ethiopia

Ayele Badebo Huluka Bekele Abeyo (2023, [Artículo])

Moisture Stress Grain Yield CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION DROUGHT STRESS STABILITY TRITICUM AESTIVUM LATTICE DESIGN

Local markets and food security. The case of the Milpera and Puuc regions in Yucatan

Ana Laura Bojórquez Carrillo Monserrat Vargas Jiménez Mireya Noemi Hernández Islas (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Food insecurity is a complex problem worldwide. A major part of this problem is the food supply. Local markets can represent a strategy for building social capital, as well as strategies for subsistence and sustainability of food value chains, contributing to food security and its effects. The objective of this research is to determine if the existence of a municipal market in the Milpera and Puuc regions of Yucatán favors the existence of food security, the consumption or the expense of natural foods. The population is located in 18 municipalities of Yucatán, Mexico. To carry out this study, a cross-sectional, non-experimental study, with a quantitative approach and correlational scope. The main techniques that were applied were descriptive statistics and contingency tables with respect to 6 hypotheses. This work shows that the existence of markets in the communities makes a significant difference because it positively impacts the food security of the inhabitants, since it allows them to have access to a wider variety of products and at the same time, favors the active dynamics of the economy of the community.

Local markets Food safety Local development Food sovereignty Rural areas Mercados locales Seguridad alimentaria Desarrollo local Soberanía alimentaria Zonas rurales CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Más allá de los colores del amaranto

JESUS ALFREDO ARAUJO LEON Víctor Aguilar Hernández Ivonne Sánchez del Pino SERGIO RUBEN PERAZA SANCHEZ ROLFFY RUBEN ORTIZ ANDRADE Ligia Guadalupe Brito Argáez (2022, [Artículo])

El amaranto tiene una amplia gama de colores atrayentes, desde amarillos, violetas hasta rojos intensos. Esta heterogeneidad de tonalidades llamó la atención de civilizaciones que se desarrollaron en todas las latitudes del continente americano, como es el caso del imperio azteca que integró este cultivo a su cosmovisión ceremonial para ofrendas a diferentes deidades, dejando una herencia prehispánica cautivadora de su historia. Más allá de los colores, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo abordar las propiedades nutricionales y beneficios para la salud humana de la diversidad de fitoquímicos que son responsables de los interesantes colores del amaranto.

AMARANTHACEAE AMARANTHUS BETALAINAS METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS MEXICO SALUD HUMANA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) DESARROLLO VEGETAL DESARROLLO VEGETAL