Market Intelligence insights for groundnut breeding and seed systems in Tanzania

Pieter Rutsaert Kauê De Sousa Jacob van Etten Chris Ojiewo (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MARKET INTELLIGENCE GROUNDNUTS SEED SYSTEMS BREEDING FORAGE SOCIAL STRUCTURE

CARACTERIZACIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE GERMOPLASMA SILVESTRE DE Jatropha curcas L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) EN EL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO

CHARACTERIZATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WILD GERMPLASM Jatropha curcas L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN THE NORTHWEST OF MEXICO

NIDIA ARAIZA LIZARDE MIGUEL ANGEL ANGULO ESCALANTE TEODORO REYNOSO GRANADOS MARIA MAGDALENA ORTEGA NIEBLAS Lilia Alcaráz Meléndez Pedro Cruz Hernández (2016, [Artículo])

"Se estudiaron tres poblaciones silvestres de Jatropha curcas L. en la región sur y centro de Sinaloa en los sitios de Estación Dimas, La Campana y El Quelite. Los objetivos fueron caracterizar morfológicamente las plantas y semillas, evaluar la relación de las variables morfológicas con los factores ambientales y analizar el potencial de distribución de las especies en Sinaloa considerando los factores ambientales registrados en los sitios de estudio. En cada sitio de estudio se realizó el conteo del número de individuos/m2 y se midió la altura, el diámetro de copa, el diámetro basal y el número de ramas. De cada sitio se obtuvo también el número de semillas por kilogramo, color, peso, longitud y ancho de la semilla. La altura de las plantas estuvo en un intervalo de 2.25 a 4.59 m, el diámetro de la copa fue de 2.24 a 4.48 m, el diámetro basal de 18.75-24.81 cm y el número de ramificaciones de 2 a 4. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las características morfológicas de las plantas de Estación Dimas y el Quelite pero sí con respecto a La Campana. En ambos sitios se observó que la altura de las plantas fue favorecida cuando la temperatura y velocidad del viento fueron menores, y cuando la precipitación y humedad relativa fueron mayores. Las dimensiones de las semillas fueron, ancho 7.41 a 7.9 mm y longitud de 15.1 a 15.9 mm. La humedad de las semillas fue de 3.57 a 4.21%, y el color de las semillas fue de 60.80 a 65.64°Hue. La mayor densidad de individuos se encontró en Estación Dimas (21 ind/ha), pero la utilización del campo con fines agrícolas que se encuentra cercana a este ecotipo amenaza al desarrollo de la vegetación silvestre de este sitio. Por lo que el germoplasma de las poblaciones en estudio puede ser útil para elaboración de planes y manejos de conservación de la especie, además constituye una alternativa para el establecimiento de cultivos en el estado con especies propias de la región y, posiblemente, para otras regiones del país. Por otro lado, se observó que la especie tiene un alto potencial de distribución en el estado de Sinaloa principalmente en los municipios de Sinaloa de Leyva, Guasave, Guamúchil, Culiacán, Elota, San Ignacio, Mazatlán, Villa Unión, Concordia y Escuinapa."

"Three wild populations of Jatropha curcas in the central and southern parts of Sinaloa were studied; Estación Dimas, La Campana, and El Quelite. The objectives were to characterize plants and seeds morphologically to assess the relationship between morphologica traits and environmental factors and the potential distribution of the species considering environmental factors from the study sites. All individuals/m2 and number of branches were counted, and height, diameter of cup, and basal diameter were measured. The number of seeds per kilogram was obtained, as well as color, weight, and seed length and width. Plant height ranged from 2.25 to 4.59 m; the crown diameter from 2.24 to 4.48 m; basal diameter from 18.75 to 24.81 cm; and branch number 2 to 4. No significant differences were found in morphological characteristics between plants from Estación Dimas and El Quelite but those from La Campana were significantly smaller. Plant height was favored in sites with lower temperature, altitude, and wind speed, and with higher precipitation and relative humidity. Seed length ranged from 7.41 to 7.9 mm and seed width from 15.1 to 15.9 mm. Seed moisture ranged from 3.57 to 4.21%. The seed color ranged from 60.80 to 65.54° Hue. The highest tree density was found in Estación Dimas (21 ind/ha), but agricultural practices threatens the vegetation in this site. The species has a high potential for distribution in the southern and central parts of the state. Germplasm from the studied populations may be useful for plans and management for species conservation; they also constitute an alternative to the establishment of crops in the state of Sinaloa with typical species of the region and possibly other regions of the country. Moreover, it was observed that the species has a high potential for distribution in the state mainly in the municipalities of Sinaloa de Leyva, Guasave, Guamuchil, Culiacan, Elota, San Ignacio, Mazatlan, Villa Union, Concordia, and Escuinapa."

densidad, distribución, semilla density, distribution, seed BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) SEMILLAS SEMILLAS

Seed integrity, effect of temperature and storage time on germination of Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis, endangered subtropical species from Mexico

César Jacobo Pereira MIGUEL ANGEL MUÑIZ CASTRO JOSE ANTONIO VAZQUEZ GARCIA Joel David Flores Rivas ALEJANDRO MUÑOZ URIAS FRANCISCO MARTIN HUERTA MARTINEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"Background: Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis are endemic species of western Mexico; growing in riparian forests they are critically endangered. The best way to conserve their seeds is unknown, which could be limiting for their conservation.

Hypothesis: The germinability of both subtropical species is like that of boreal and template Salicaceae species that disperse seeds in spring and early summer, as they germinate quickly with high percentages, and rapidly lose their viability when stored at ambient temperature.

Studied species: Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis. Study site and dates: Western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Jalisco, Mexico. October 2019.

Methods: The physical integrity of the seeds was assessed by X-ray imaging and compared with germinability. In addition, the effect of storage time (nine weeks) under two temperatures (4 and 21 °C) on the percentage and mean germination rate was evaluated.

Results: No significant differences were found between physical integrity and germination in freshly collected seeds for both species. Germination in the first 24 hrs was 91 and 95 % for Populus luziarum and P. primaveralepensis, respectively (week 0). Germination percentages were lower when stored at 21 °C, but P. primaveralepensis was decreased more slowly.

Conclusions: Seeds of subtropical Populus respond similarly to those of species from temperate and boreal climates with early seed dispersal, a crucial condition for establishing ex situ reforestation and conservation programs."

Salicaceae Seed physical integrity Seed storage conditions Subtropical endemic species White poplars BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA)

El complejo Xyleborus glabratus - Rafaela lauricola en México: un análisis sobre los costos económicos asociados con la plaga

Luis Gerardo Zapata Barrientos (2020, [Tesis de maestría])

Este trabajo hace una evaluación de los costos económicos asociados con la llegada del complejo ambrosial Xyleborus glabratus – Rafaela lauricola a México. Hay tres objetivos de estudio: realizar una estimación de los efectos de la plaga sobre la industria productora de aguacate, hacer un análisis insumo producto para calcular su impacto indirecto en otras industrias y realizar una evaluación de sus efectos sobre la provisión de servicios ecositémicos en México. Este trabajo concluye que el costo económico de la plaga oscilaría entre 1,352.38 y 4,509.84 millones de pesos para los productores de aguacate y entre 581.09 y 2,905.47 millones de pesos en servicios ecosistémicos. Además, el choque afectaría otras industrias de forma indirecta: proveedores agrícolas en su mayoría. Dichos efectos estarían focalizados en el estado de Michoacán y en los bosques de encino y de encino pino.

Avocado industry -- Effect of agricultural pests on -- Mexico -- Econometric models. Biotic communities -- Effect of agricultural pests on -- Mexico -- Econometric models. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Impactos del desplazamiento forzado sobre el sector agrícola: el caso colombiano

Wilmer Vladimir Ferrer Vargas (2021, [Tesis de maestría])

La intensificación del conflicto civil colombiano tuvo como una de sus peores consecuencias el desplazamiento forzado. El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar el impacto del desplazamiento forzado en el sector agrícola colombiano. Con este fin, se estudiaron las características de los principales cultivos. Para responder a esta pregunta se estima un modelo panel de efectos fijos de para todos los municipios de Colombia entre 2011-2016. Los resultados muestran que el desplazamiento forzado tiene efectos negativos principalmente en las unidades familiares y estos efectos se amplifican en presencia de mercados ilegales.

Agricultural resources -- Effect of forced migration on -- Colombia -- Econometric models. Agricultural resources -- Effect of coca industry on -- Colombia -- Econometric models. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on regional organic substrates in Agave salmiana production in Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico

EMILIO RAYMUNDO MORALES MALDONADO MONICA GUTIERREZ ROJAS RAMON JAIME HOLGUIN PEÑA Daniel Ruiz-Juárez Jorge Luis Vega Chávez Ana Cristina Reyes Godoy (2022, [Artículo])

"Mexico has 159 species of Agave spp. In the agri-food industry stand out are Agave tequilana, A. angustifolia, and A. salmiana. A limitation to producing maguey seedlings is the low availability of organic substrates that favor plant adaptation in the field. The objective was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) found in substrates in response to vegetative and root growth of A. salmiana in agricultural areas of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. The treatment consisted of earthworm humus (EH) and leaf compost (LC) substrates with materials from the region with different percentages of EH (100, 75, 50%), LC (5, 10%), and sand (20, 40%). The treatments were applied with 14 random replications in two phases in seeds and 40-day-seedlings. The variables evaluated were NPK amount and pH in substrates. The physiological variables measured were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, root length, and volume. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed in seedling physiology due to the effect of the treatment. The best agronomic responses (plant growth and root length/weight) of Agave seedlings were T5 (75% earthworm humus + 20% sand + 5% leaf-soil) and T6 (50% earthworm humus + 40% sand + 10% leaf-soil); in both treatments, the NPK percentages were different from the control (Haplic Phaeozem soil) group. The final concentration of NPK in T6 was N = 0.04%, P = 398.13 mg Kg-1 and K = 11.88 meq 100g-1 . The results infer that NPK availability in soil and progressive acidification (initial pH = 8.6, final pH = 7.4) of the substrate can favorably influence the plant response. The interactions between NPK availability in the substrate and their use for a better response in maguey seedling adaptability open up new lines of research on the productive systems in the región of Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico."

maguey, nutritional quality, plant physiology, productive soils, seedling BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO

Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria associated with roots of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid)

RICARDO VAZQUEZ JUAREZ TANIA ZENTENO SAVIN ENRIQUE MORALES BOJORQUEZ Elvia Pérez Rosales Lilia Alcaráz Meléndez María Esther Puente Eduardo Quiroz Guzmán (2017, [Artículo])

"In this communication, the diversity and beneficial characteristics of endophytic bacteria have been studied in Simmondsia chinensis that has industrial importance because of the quality of its seed oil. Endophytes were isolated (N = 101) from roots of the jojoba plants collected, of which eight were identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. The isolated bacteria were Bacillus sp., Methylobacterium aminovorans, Oceanobacillus kimchi, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans and Streptomyces sp. All isolates had at least one positive feature, characterizing them as potential plant growth promoting bacteria. In this study, R. pyridinivorans and O. kimchi are reported as plant growth promoters."

Endophytic bacteria, plant growth promoters, Simmondsia chinensis, seed oil BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA MICROBIOLOGÍA BACTERIOLOGÍA BACTERIOLOGÍA

Rapid effects of marine reserves via larval dispersal

Richard Cudney Bueno (2009, [Artículo])

Marine reserves have been advocated worldwide as conservation and fishery management tools. It is argued that they can protect ecosystems and also benefit fisheries via density-dependent spillover of adults and enhanced larval dispersal into fishing areas. However, while evidence has shown that marine reserves can meet conservation targets, their effects on fisheries are less understood. In particular, the basic question of if and over what temporal and spatial scales reserves can benefit fished populations via larval dispersal remains unanswered. We tested predictions of a larval transport model for a marine reserve network in the Gulf of California, Mexico, via field oceanography and repeated density counts of recently settled juvenile commercial mollusks before and after reserve establishment. We show that local retention of larvae within a reserve network can take place with enhanced, but spatially-explicit, recruitment to local fisheries. Enhancement occurred rapidly (2 yrs), with up to a three-fold increase in density of juveniles found in fished areas at the downstream edge of the reserve network, but other fishing areas within the network were unaffected. These findings were consistent with our model predictions. Our findings underscore the potential benefits of protecting larval sources and show that enhancement in recruitment can be manifested rapidly. However, benefits can be markedly variable within a local seascape. Hence, effects of marine reserve networks, positive or negative, may be overlooked when only focusing on overall responses and not considering finer spatially-explicit responses within a reserve network and its adjacent fishing grounds. Our results therefore call for future research on marine reserves that addresses this variability in order to help frame appropriate scenarios for the spatial management scales of interest. © 2009 Cudney-Bueno et al.

article, environmental monitoring, fishery, larva, marine environment, marine species, Mexico, mollusc, nonhuman, oceanography, prediction, animal, biology, environmental protection, food industry, geography, growth, development and aging, larva, met CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA