Calidad de la democracia en los gobiernos delegacionales de izquierda: Un análisis de las implicaciones de las políticas sociales en la Magdalena Contreras.

MARIELA DIAZ SANDOVAL (2018, [Capítulo de libro])

En México el estudio sobre los gobiernos a nivel delegacional es una gran asignatura pendiente en las ciencias sociales. No obstante, desde diversas disciplinas existe un gran interés en entender las realidades locales. La llegada al poder, los conflictos entre diversas fuerzas políticas en la localidad, las relaciones que se tejen entre ciudadanos, intermediarios y gobernantes, la incidencia de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, así como el ejercicio del gobierno, y otros aspectos pueden y deben ser analizados con miras a encontrar las diferencias y similitudes en este nivel de estudio.

Educación Derecho a la salud Derecho a la vivienda Sectores vulnerables CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA ADMINISTRACIÓN CIVIL

Nepal Seed And Fertilizer Project

Dyutiman Choudhary (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED FERTILIZERS SEED INDUSTRY PRIVATE SECTOR MAIZE RICE INTEGRATED SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT COVID-19

Economic inequality and the impact of cash transfers in the state of Veracruz, México, 2008 to 2020

José Alejandro Pérez-Nájera Rogelio Javier Rendón Hernández (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Income inequality in Mexico is extremely high and the federal states are considerably heterogeneous, which is why a regional analysis allows us to identify the fundamental characteristics, trends, and regional conditions for the implementation of redistributive policies.  We used microdata from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) to analyze the evolution of income inequality in the state of Veracruz during the 2008-2020 period; To identify its sources and investigate how it was affected by monetary transfers, the income decomposition method is used to identify the ENIGH income sources and investigate preliminary COVID-19 effects. The results show evidence of a decrease in inequality in the period; relatively and marginally, it is identified that the observed decrease can be attributed to cash transfers. In recent years, transfers represented 30% of the income of the lowest deciles (I, II, and III) and the income elasticity of the Gini coefficient indicates that their increase represents a decrease in inequality.

Desigualdad ingresos monetarios elasticidad del ingreso Políticas Sociales distribución del ingreso CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES Cash transfers income elasticities inequality monetary income

Multicriteria assessment of alternative cropping systems at farm level. A case with maize on family farms of South East Asia

Santiago Lopez-Ridaura (2023, [Artículo])

CONTEXT: Integration of farms into markets with adoption of maize as a cash crop can significantly increase income of farms of the developing world. However, in some cases, the income generated may still be very low and maize production may also have strong negative environmental and social impacts. OBJECTIVE: Maize production in northern Laos is taken as a case to study how far can farms' performance be improved with improved crop management of maize with the following changes at field level: good timing and optimal soil preparation and sowing, allowing optimal crop establishment and low weed infestation. METHODS: We compared different farm types' performance on locally relevant criteria and indicators embodying the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic and social). An integrated assessment approach was combined with direct measurement of indicators in farmers' fields to assess eleven criteria of local farm sustainability. A bio-economic farm model was used for scenario assessment in which changes in crop management and the economic environment of farms were compared to present situation. The farm model was based on mathematical programming maximizing income under constraints related to i) household composition, initial cash and rice stocks and land type, and ii) seasonal balances of cash, labour and food. The crop management scenarios were built based on a diagnosis of the causes of variations in the agronomic and environmental performances of cropping systems, carried out in farmers' fields. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that moderate changes in crop management on maize would improve substantially farm performance on 4 to 6 criteria out of the 11 assessed, depending on farm types. The improved crop management of maize had a high economic attractiveness for every farm type simulated (low, medium and high resource endowed farms) even at simulated production costs more than doubling current costs of farmers' practices. However, while an improvement of the systems performance was attained in terms of agricultural productivity, income generation, work and ease of work, herbicide leaching, improved soil quality and nitrogen balance, trade-offs were identified with other indicators such as erosion control and cash outflow needed at the beginning of the cropping season. SIGNIFICANCE: Using farm modelling for multicriteria assessment of current and improved maize cropping systems for contrasted farm types helped capture main opportunities and constraints on local farm sustainability, and assess the trade-offs that new options at field level may generate at farm level.

Bio-Economic Farm Model Smallholder Farms CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CASH CROPS INDICATORS SMALLHOLDERS CROPPING SYSTEMS MAIZE

Value chain research and development: The quest for impact

Jason Donovan (2023, [Artículo])

Motivation: For decades, governments, donors, and practitioners have promoted market-based development approaches (MBDA), most recently in the form of value chain development (VCD), to spur economic growth and reduce poverty. Changes in approaches have been shaped by funders, practitioners and researchers in ways that are incompletely appreciated. Purpose: We address the following questions: (1) how have researchers and practitioners shaped discussions on MBDA?; and (2) how has research stimulated practice, and how has practice informed research? We hypothesize that stronger exchange between researchers and practitioners increases the relevance and impact of value chain research and development. Methods and approach: We adopt Downs' (1972) concept of issue-attention cycles, which posits that attention to a particular issue follows a pattern where, first, excitement builds over potential solutions; followed by disenchantment as the inherent complexity, trade-offs, and resources required to solve it become apparent; and consequently attention moves on to a new issue. We review the literature on MBDA to see how far this framing applies. Findings: We identify five cycles of approaches to market-based development over the last 40 or more years: (1) non-traditional agricultural exports; (2) small and medium enterprise development; (3) value chains with a globalization perspective; (4) value chains with an agri-business perspective; and (5) value chain development. The shaping and sequencing of these cycles reflect researchers' tendency to analyse and criticize MBDA, while providing limited guidance on workable improvements; practitioners' reluctance to engage in critical reflection on their programmes; and an institutional and funding environment that encourages new approaches. Policy implications: Future MBDA will benefit from stronger engagement between researchers, practitioners, and funders. Before shifting attention to new concepts and approaches, achievements and failures in previous cycles need to be scrutinized. Evidence-based practice should extend for the length of the issue-attention cycle; preferably it should arrest the cycling of attention. Funders can help by requiring grantees to critically reflect on past action, by providing “safe spaces” for sharing such reflections, and by engaging in joint learning with practitioners and researchers.

Agri-Food Value Chains Issue-Attention Cycles Market-Based Development Approaches CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA VALUE CHAINS PRIVATE SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDERS

Teacher training in the state of Chihuahua: Between the health challenge and teacher resilience

Evangelina Cervantes Holguín Pavel Roel Gutiérrez Sandoval Cely Celene Ronquillo Chávez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The article proposes to recover the response of the Teacher Training and Updating Institutions in the state of Chihuahua regarding the various challenges imposed by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The qualitative exercise analyzes the experience of 10 institutions based on the voice of their students, teachers, and principals regarding changes in academic, administrative, and organizational processes. It is concluded that the pandemic has affected each institution in different ways and with diverse intensity. Despite the achievements, the experience analyzed reveals the relative success of the using virtual platforms in the face of three basic conditions: connectivity, technological competencies, and socio-emotional skills of the teaching staff. It highlights the importance of implementing tutoring, resilience, or awareness actions of teachers and students' needs, feelings, and sufferings. It is opportune to recover the experiences of other institutions and to question especially students, thesis students and graduates.

Acceso a la educación Aprendizaje en línea Educación a distancia Formación de docentes Tecnología educacional HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA Access to education online learning distance education teacher education educational technology

Democracia, gobierno y administración pública en la Ciudad de México

FRANCISCO JOSE DIAZ CASILLAS (2004, [Capítulo de libro])

Capítulo de la sección: Comunicación y Sociedad Sustentable.

Hablar de democracia, gobierno y administración en la Ciudad de México, nos remite a dos momentos históricos del pasado reciente: el primero hace referencia a 1994, fecha en que aparece la Ley de Participación Ciudadana, primera normatividad político administrativa de corte ciudadano, que presenta objetivos que enlazan el quehacer gubernamental con las necesidades ciudadanas; el segundo se da en 1997 con la aparición y ascenso de un Jefe de Gobierno, que a diferencia de sus antecesores, que fungían como Jefes del Departamento del Distrito Federal, eran nombrados por el Ejecutivo Federal y actuaban con facultades delegadas, en tanto que el Jefe de Gobierno es electo de manera directa y actúa con facultades autónomas. De esta forma con un gobierno autónomo, los habitantes de la Ciudad de México dejaron de considerarse como "ciudadanos de segunda", como en algún momento se les calificó, debido a que no contaban con sus derechos jurídicos de votar por las personas que los gobernaban, con el primer Jefe de Gobierno electo en 1997, se marca un "parteaguas" en la vida del Distrito Federal en donde las formas de hacer gobierno y administración pública provocan nuevos esquemas y formas de actuación política y administrativa.

Political participation--Mexico--Mexico City. Public administration--Citizen participation. Democracy--Mexico--Mexico City. Mexico City (Mexico)--Politics and government. Administración pública -- Participación ciudadana. Democracia. JS2137.A2 CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA

Genetic effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles on plant height and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines

Zine El Abidine Fellahi Abderrahmane Hannachi Susanne Dreisigacker deepmala sehgal Hamenna Bouzerzour (2023, [Artículo])

Pleiotropic Effects Reduced Height Genes CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA PLANT HEIGHT TRITICUM AESTIVUM YIELD COMPONENTS ALLELES BREEDING LINES

The impact of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming on global maize production and trade

Wei Xiong Tariq Ali (2022, [Artículo])

Future Climate Scenario Data Yield Reduction Risk CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE EFFECT MAIZE MITIGATION SIMULATION ACCLIMATIZATION ADAPTATION GLOBAL WARMING

Genomic prediction of yield performance among single-cross maize hybrids using a partial diallel cross design

Junjie Fu XUECAI ZHANG (2023, [Artículo])

Genomic Prediction Prediction Model Genetic Effects Hybrid Performance CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE GENETICS HYBRIDS PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT