Regional analysis of the wage discrimination in the indigenous workers in Mexico

Christian De la Luz-Tovar SIBYL ITALIA PINEDA SALAZAR (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The objective of this research is to estimate and decompose the wage gap between indigenous and non-indigenous workers by region in Mexico, to examine whether there are regional differences in the existing wage inequality that a priori affects the indigenous population and whether these differences can be attributed to the job profile of this group or by systematic labor discrimination against them. Using the data from the 2018 National Household Expenditure Revenue Survey (ENIGH-N) and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it was found that indigenous workers face a wage gap in all regions of the county. But, this gap is more pronounced in the center and south regions, where, on average, the associated component with labor discrimination has a percentage greater than 56. In contrast, in the north-central and northern regions of Mexico, the residual component is on average less than 33%, which suggests that the wage gap is explained by differences in productivity between groups.                         

Labor economics Ethnicity wage gap Indigenous population Regions Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition Economía laboral Brecha salarial étnica Población indígena Regiones Descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

The social responsibility of tobacco production in Nayarit. Who pays the price?

Dagoberto De Dios Hernández Jesús Antonio Madera Pacheco (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

In Nayarit, Mexico, there is an Integrated System of Tobacco Production (SIPT) which operates mainly with the participation of campesino families. However, for some preparatory work and to guarantee the harvest, local jornaleros and indigenous migrant families from the mountainous regions of Nayarit, Jalisco, Durango, and Zacatecas are hired, manly on a temporarily basis. They live for several months in precarious conditions in the houses and yards of the growers and on the agricultural plots. Since the Marco’s Convention and the General Law on Tobacco Control, the companies that control the SIPT have adopted new narratives and strategies for managing and sustaining their businesses, mainly emphasizing the so-called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The objective of this article is to analyze the CSR actions of the tobacco companies from an approach of accumulation by dispossession, understanding CSR as a capitalist tool for the extraction of surplus value. With the support of a qualitative methodology, based on bibliographic and hemerographic review, direct observation, field diaries and interviews, also corporate actions comprised between 2018 and 2023 have also been documented. British American Tobacco and Tabacos del Pacífico Norte have "sponsored" the operation of the Florece centers and the Sustenta program in the tobacco fields of Nayarit, even though, in the tobacco reality of the tobacco industry the operation of such programs and their costs are assumed and absorbed by the growers, while the companies disseminate an image of sustainable business management.

Tobacco Social Responsibility Tobacco companies Indigenous families CMCT Tabaco Responsabilidad social Empresas tabacaleras Familias indígenas CIENCIAS SOCIALESCIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Dos estudios sobre usos del agua en México (siglos XIX y XX)

BLANCA ESTELA SUAREZ CORTEZ DIANA BIRRICHAGA GARDIDA (1997, [Libro])

Los dos estudios tienen varios elementos en común. Tal vez la más importante es que consideran a los usos del agua como una atractiva vía para aproximarse al estudio de la sociedad en su conjunto. Mediante la reconstrucción cuidadosa y detallada de los diversos elementos involucrados en los usos del agua (hidrología, tecnología, legislación, organización de usuarios, empresas, conflictos) - lo que por sí mismo constituye una aportación sobre una temática muy poco estudiada - las autoras intentan vincular esos elementos con procesos y tendencias sociales más amplias y complejas.

Usos del agua Consumo industrial del agua Abastecimiento de agua México Historia CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Gender parity and socioeconomic representation in subnational legislatures in Mexico: more equitable congresses?

Fernando Patron Katya Rodríguez Gómez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The article analyzes if gender parity in subnational legislatures in México has produced a more equitable social representation. It explores the plurality of gender parity in terms of socioeconomic differences, and female and male representation. Using data from Censo de Poderes legislativos Estatales 2020, the article classifies subnational legislators by socioeconomic levels and compared with CONEVAL’s methodology of social stratification in Mexico. The tested hypothesis is that gender parity has not produced a favorable impact on a more equitable political representation in socioeconomic terms so far. Female and male political representation continues to be dominated by upper socioeconomic levels.

Congresos locales México Representación política Paridad de género Clase social CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES Subnational Legislatures, social divisions, descriptive representation, gender parity, social class

Desarrollo de metodologías y su aplicación para la determinación de cianobacterias y de compuestos emergentes en cuerpos de agua residual y agua potable

MARTHA AVILÉS FLORES NORMA RAMIREZ SALINAS GABRIELA ELEONORA MOELLER CHAVEZ (2013, [Documento de trabajo])

Las acciones llevadas a cabo para la realización de este proyecto fueron las siguientes: Metodología de desarrollo e implementación para determinación de un grupo de compuestos emergentes (8 fármacos) – Metodología para el esutdio de caso de la realización y diagnóstico en la presa de Valle de Bravo en época de estiaje y lluvias de microcistina LR y Anatoxina – Metodología para desarrollar e implementar metodología por PCR punto final para presencia o ausencia de cianobacterias – Resultados – Conclusiones – Bibliografía.

Informes de proyectos Contaminación del agua Contaminantes emergentes Microcistinas Cianobacterias Valle de Bravo, Estado de México INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Regional analysis of the wage discrimination in the indigenous workers in Mexico

Christian De la Luz-Tovar SIBYL ITALIA PINEDA SALAZAR (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The objective of this research is to estimate and decompose the wage gap between indigenous and non-indigenous workers by region in Mexico, to examine whether there are regional differences in the existing wage inequality that a priori affects the indigenous population and whether these differences can be attributed to the job profile of this group or by systematic labor discrimination against them. Using the data from the 2018 National Household Expenditure Revenue Survey (ENIGH-N) and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it was found that indigenous workers face a wage gap in all regions of the county. But, this gap is more pronounced in the center and south regions, where, on average, the associated component with labor discrimination has a percentage greater than 56. In contrast, in the north-central and northern regions of Mexico, the residual component is on average less than 33%, which suggests that the wage gap is explained by differences in productivity between groups.                         

Labor economics Ethnicity wage gap Indigenous population Regions Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition Economía laboral Brecha salarial étnica Población indígena Regiones Descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Patrones de manejo y negociación por el agua en parajes tsotsiles de la ladera sur del volcán Tsonte'vits, Chiapas, México

Management patterns and negotiation by water in Tsotsil parajes on the southern slope of Tsonte'vits volcano, Chiapas, Mexico

DANIEL MURILLO LICEA DENISE SOARES (2017, [Artículo])

En el presente artículo se identifican y describen los elementos que aparecen en los patrones de manejo y negociación del agua por población tsotsil de algunos parajes de varios municipios situados en la parte sur del volcán Tsonte’vits, en Los Altos de Chiapas, México. Mediante trabajo de campo directo, recorridos por varios manantiales, observación participante y entrevistas se analizan los sistemas de uso, aprovechamiento y negociación entre parajes para otorgar agua para uso doméstico. Dichos patrones de manejo del agua obedecen a reglas consuetudinarias, a negociaciones interparaje y a un sentido de identidad y de territorialidad tsotsil entre los municipios de la región estudiada.

This article identifies and describes the elements of water management and negotiation used by the Tsotsil population of some

parajes located in the southern part of Tsonte’vits volcano in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Based on direct field work and field trips

to several springs, participant observation, and interviews, this article analyzes the systems that are in use, and the negotiations that occur

among parajes. Such patterns of water management obey rules established by custom, by inter-paraje negotiations, and by the participants’ sense of identity and Tsotsil territoriality among the various municipalities included in the studied region.

Administración del agua Grupos indígenas CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Institutionalization of leftist utopias in Latin America: a case study

Guillem Compte Nunes (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Faced with popular dissatisfaction with liberal-capitalist democracy, at the beginning of the 21st century there is a governmental shift to the left in Latin America, in which Mexico is recently participating, with the arrival of the Morena party to power. The social movements that promote these political projects convey leftist utopias that seek to institutionalize themselves in political systems and public policies. However, this process of utopian institutionalization presents tensions and contradictions within the so-called party-movements. In this paper I present a methodological proposal for utopian analysis, which I apply to the “Colectivo La Calle”, a group that is part of the lopezobradorista movement in Mexico. I analyze three utopias mediated by this group and find that indeed the Colectivo is mobilizing against Morena’s pragmatism. This result adds to previous literature, which, given contemporary governmental experiences, questions the ability of the Latin American institutional left to overcome conservative hegemony.

utopía lopezobradorismo México acción colectiva Morena CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES Utopia Mexico collective action

Facilidades y barreras sociales para el ejercicio del derecho humano al agua en México

RICARDO VICTOR LOPEZ MERA JOSE LUIS MARTINEZ RUIZ (2014, [Documento de trabajo])

Este proyecto tuvo como fin estudiar, analizar, debatir y proponer soluciones a los problemas de abastecimiento y calidad de agua en el país.

Derecho humano al agua Legislación ambiental Congresos Informes de proyectos México CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Violencia política en el sur de Chile: Estado, grupos económicos y Pueblo Mapuche. La Alianza Territorial Mapuche (Pu Lof Xawun) en el gobierno de Michelle Bachelet

Javiera Yanina Donoso Jiménez (2010, [Artículo])

El objeto de esta investigación es analizar la relación existente entre el Estado chileno durante el gobierno de Michelle Bachelet y el pueblo mapuche, centrándonos en el caso de la Alianza Territorial Mapuche (Pu Lof Xawun). Lo anterior nos permitirá analizar la calidad de la democracia en Chile a través de las estrategias utilizadas para dar solución al procesamiento del conflicto socio-político.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship that the Chilean State and Mapuche people had during Michel Bachelet's Government, being the object of the study the Mapuche Territorial Alliance (Pu Lof Xawun). The previously mentioned, allow us to analyze the quality of the democracy in Chile through the strategies that had been used to give a solution to the prosecution of the social-political conflict.

Mapuche Pu Lof Xawun Estado chileno CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA