¿Desvinculación o decrecimiento? Un marco analítico para abordar la transición socioecológica desde los estudios urbanos

Jerónimo Aurelio Díaz Marielle (2023, [Artículo])

Artículo número 1 de la Sección Articulos de Investigación.

La transición socioecológica se perfila como un nuevo paradigma científico centrado en las interacciones sociedad-naturaleza y es, al mismo tiempo, la punta de lanza de una nueva agenda urbana y ambiental que no está exenta de contradicciones y dilemas. Con un pie en la divulgación de los conceptos y las metodologías que conforman este paradigma, y con otro en el análisis sociológico de los nuevos ecologismos, el artículo ofrece una revisión de dos corrientes de ecología política que buscan orientar el sentido de la transición: la desvinculación ecológica y el decrecimiento. La primera coloca sus expectativas en el desarrollo tecnológico y el mercado, es favorable al modelo de la ciudad compacta y promueve las llamadas soluciones basadas en la naturaleza. La segunda reconoce el valor de los saberes urbanos vernáculos, pero apela a la descentralización de las urbes y pugna por una reducción equitativa y democrática de los estándares de vida de la población. El artículo concluye que los estudios urbanos (en particular la sociología urbana y la planeación territorial) pueden contribuir a comprender el funcionamiento de los metabolismos urbanos y aportar soluciones a las dificultades que impiden el tránsito hacia una sociedad sustentable, esto es, una sociedad que sea capaz de autolimitarse, ajustando su metabolismo a los ciclos y a los tiempos que requiere la naturaleza para regenerarse.

The socio-ecological transition is emerging as a new scientific paradigm focused on the interactions between society and nature, and at the same time, it is the spearhead of a new urban and environmental agenda. With one foot in the dissemination of the concepts and methodologies that make up this paradigm, and with the other in the sociological analysis of the new environmental movements, the article offers a review of two political ecology forces that seek to guide the direction of the transition: ecological decoupling and degrowth. The former places its expectations on technological development and the market, is favorable to the compact city model and promotes so-called nature-based solutions. The latter recognizes the value of vernacular urban knowledge, but calls for the decentralization of cities and advocates for an equitable and democratic reduction of the population standards of living. The article concludes that urban studies (particularly urban sociology and territorial planning) can contribute to understanding the functioning of urban metabolisms and providing ways to address social inertia regarding climate change.

Cambio climático, metabolismo urbano, planeación territorial. Climate change, urban metabolism, territorial planning. HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS ARQUITECTURA URBANISMO

Application of spheroidal agglomerates of γ-Al2O3 in the fluoride removal from aqueous medium

Aplicación de aglomerados esferoidales de γ-Al2O3 en la remoción de fluoruro de medio acuoso

RAFAEL ROMERO TOLEDO VICTOR RUIZ SANTOYO ULISES ZURITA LUNA GUSTAVO RANGEL PORRAS MERCED MARTINEZ ROSALES (2019, [Artículo])

En el presente estudio se investigó un adsorbente aglomerado esferoidal de γ-Al2O3 obtenido a partir de pseudoboehmita para la eliminación eficaz de fluoruro de un medio acuoso. Las propiedades superficiales se caracterizaron por diversas técnicas: XRD, fisisorción de N2, FE-SEM/EDS, RMN 27Al, adsorción de piridina por FT-IR, PZy tamaño de partícula. Se llevaron a cabo experimentos en lotes y se compararon con una alúmina activada comercial (AA). El proceso se llevó a cabo a pH 5, 7 y 9, a 25 y 35 ºC. Los resultados experimentales indicaron que los aglomerados esferoidales de γ-Al2O3 eliminan hasta 15 mg/g, con una capacidad de adsorción mayor que AA de 13 mg/g, a pH 5, estudiados a 25 y 35 ºC. El proceso de adsorción de F-en γ-Al2O3 y AA siguió la cinética de pseudo-primer orden y la isoterma de Langmuir. Los resultados muestran un adsorbente eficaz para la eliminación de F-.

A spheroidal agglomerate γ-Al2O3 adsorbent obtained from pseudoboehmite for effective removal of fluoride from aqueous medium was investigated in the present study. The surface properties were characterized by several techniques: XRD, physisorption of N2, FE-SEM/EDS, 27Al NMR, FT-IR Pyridine adsorption, PZ and particle size. Batch experiments were conducted and they were compared with a commercial activated alumina (AA). The process was carried out at pH 5, 7, and 9, then at 25 and 35 ºC. Batch experimental results indicated that the spheroidal agglomerates of γ-Al2O3 remove up to 15 mg/g with a higher adsorption capacity than AA of 13 mg/g, at pH 5, studied at 25 and 35 °C. The F−adsorption processes in γ-Al2O3 and AA followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm. The results showed an adsorbent effective for removal of F−.

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA Fluoride γ-Al2O3 Spheroidal agglomerates Adsorbent Water Fluoruro γ-Al2O3 Aglomerados esferoidales Adsorbentes Agua

Offshore wind energy climate projection using UPSCALE climate data under the RCP8.5 emission scenario

MARKUS SEBASTIAN GROSS (2016, [Artículo])

In previous work, the authors demonstrated how data from climate simulations can be utilized to estimate regional wind power densities. In particular, it was shown that the quality of wind power densities, estimated from the UPSCALE global dataset in offshore regions of Mexico, compared well with regional high resolution studies. Additionally, a link between surface temperature and moist air density in the estimates was presented. UPSCALE is an acronym for UK on PRACE (the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe)-weather-resolving Simulations of Climate for globAL Environmental risk. The UPSCALE experiment was performed in 2012 by NCAS (National Centre for Atmospheric Science)- Climate, at the University of Reading and the UK Met Office Hadley Centre. The study included a 25.6-year, five-member ensemble simulation of the HadGEM3 global atmosphere, at 25km resolution for present climate conditions. The initial conditions for the ensemble runs were taken from consecutive days of a test configuration. In the present paper, the emphasis is placed on the single climate run for a potential future climate scenario in the UPSCALE experiment dataset, using the Representation Concentrations Pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario. Firstly, some tests were performed to ensure that the results using only one instantiation of the current climate dataset are as robust as possible within the constraints of the available data. In order to achieve this, an artificial time series over a longer sampling period was created. Then, it was shown that these longer time series provided almost the same results than the short ones, thus leading to the argument that the short time series is sufficient to capture the climate. Finally, with the confidence that one instantiation is sufficient, the future climate dataset was analysed to provide, for the first time, a projection of future changes in wind power resources using the UPSCALE dataset. It is hoped that this, in turn, will provide some guidance for wind power developers and policy makers to prepare and adapt for climate change impacts on wind energy production. Although offshore locations around Mexico were used as a case study, the dataset is global and hence the methodology presented can be readily applied at any desired location. © Copyright 2016 Gross, Magar. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reprod

atmosphere, climate change, Europe, Mexico, sampling, time series analysis, university, weather, wind power, climate, risk, theoretical model, wind, Climate, Models, Theoretical, Risk, Wind CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Studies of plant hydraulics and water relations in mexican environments: adaptation, physiology, and applications

Estudios sobre hidráulica y relaciones hídricas de plantas en ambientes mexicanos: adaptaciones, fisiología y aplicaciones

RODRIGO MENDEZ ALONZO Mark Olson Horacio Paz Casandra Reyes García CELENE MARISOL ESPADAS MANRIQUE CLARA TINOCO OJANGUREN Santiago Trueba (2022, [Artículo])

Given the outstanding global progress of research on the hydraulic pathway in plants, and its important role as an indicator of plant mortality risk, we reviewed: (1) the adaptive basis of hydraulic traits and their importance for overall plant function; (2) the number of primary scientific articles on plant hydraulics that have been produced in Mexico in the last 40 years, (3) research related to specific environments in Mexico, and (4) the possible applications of plant hydraulics to natural resource management. Our systematic review included 83 articles. The number of publications per year steadily increased over time, reaching its maximum in 2021. Veracruz and Yucatán are the states where the majority of scientific articles on plant hydraulics have been produced, but for most states less than two publications on this subject appeared in ca. 40 years, and none was found for Oaxaca and Chiapas, the most biodiverse states. In plant hydraulics, the most studied biome in Mexico was the tropical dry forest, followed by crops; trees were the most studied growth-form, followed by herbaceous crops and epiphytes. We point to the need of enhancing research in the interface between plant hydraulic function and remote sensing, as well as developing applications in adaptive forest management and ecological restoration. We hope that this review may ignite a national collaborative effort to quantify critical traits that could inform the hydraulic functioning of Mexican ecosystems, particularly in the underrepresented and highly diverse states of Mexico. © 2022 Sociedad Botanica de Mexico, A.C. All rights reserved.

ADAPTATION DROUGHT VULNERABILITY ECOPHYSIOLOGY PLANT WATER RELATIONS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Digital artifacts reveal development and diffusion of climate research

Bia Carneiro Tek Sapkota (2022, [Artículo])

Accessible Knowledge Impact of Outputs Traditional Bibliometric Analyses Hyperlink Analysis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE DIFFUSION MAIZE MINING ORGANIZATION SOCIAL MEDIA SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS WHEAT TEXT MINING

Towards gender-inclusive innovation: Assessing local conditions for agricultural targeting

Diana E. Lopez Romain Frelat Lone Badstue (2022, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE CLIMATE FEMALES GENDER HUMANS GENDER EQUALITY

Cascading socio-environmental sustainability risks of agricultural export miracle in Peru

Azam Lashkari Masoud Irannezhad Urs Schulthess (2022, [Artículo])

Andean Trade Preference Act Alternative Development CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DEVELOPMENT GROUNDWATER SUSTAINABILITY WATER SCARCITY

Trade-off in the design of sustainable cropping systems at a regional level: A case study on the North China plain

Jeroen Groot XiaoLin Yang (2022, [Artículo])

Holistic Analysis Model-Based Analysis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP ROTATION FOOD SECURITY WATER USE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ECONOMIC VIABILITY

Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize

C.M. Parihar Hari Sankar Nayak Dipaka Ranjan Sena Renu Pandey Mahesh Gathala ML JAT (2023, [Artículo])

The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and 30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to enhance the system adaptability.

Net Returns Subsurface Drip Irrigation Subsurface Drip Fertigation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA EFFICIENCY GRAIN NITROGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSIOLOGY WATER SUPPLY CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FERTIGATION GROUNDWATER NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY WATER PRODUCTIVITY

The water crisis in the south-central region of the Chihuahua State and the 1997 UN Convention

Jorge Arturo Salas Plata Mendoza Thelma J. Garcia (2022, [Artículo, Artículo])

The present writing focuses on the water crisis in the south-central part of Chihuahua State in the year 2020. Recent literature points to the drought, excess demand for the vital liquid and overpopulation of this region, among other issues, as the causes of the emergency. This paper argues that the reasons mentioned above are not causes, but effects of an economic policy of capital valorization and accumulation, which go far beyond the carrying capacity of the ecosystems and their capacity to regulate the polluting processes. The obsolescence of the water treaties between Mexico and the US make it necessary to consider other alternatives such as the 1997 UN Convention on water.

Chihuahua water crisis hydro-agricultural crisis carrying capacity expansive growth 1997 UN Convention Ecological Economics crisis del agua crisis hidroagrícola capacidad de carga crecimiento expansivo Convención de la ONU de 1997 Economía Ecológica CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA