Violencia política en el sur de Chile: Estado, grupos económicos y Pueblo Mapuche. La Alianza Territorial Mapuche (Pu Lof Xawun) en el gobierno de Michelle Bachelet

Javiera Yanina Donoso Jiménez (2010, [Artículo])

El objeto de esta investigación es analizar la relación existente entre el Estado chileno durante el gobierno de Michelle Bachelet y el pueblo mapuche, centrándonos en el caso de la Alianza Territorial Mapuche (Pu Lof Xawun). Lo anterior nos permitirá analizar la calidad de la democracia en Chile a través de las estrategias utilizadas para dar solución al procesamiento del conflicto socio-político.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship that the Chilean State and Mapuche people had during Michel Bachelet's Government, being the object of the study the Mapuche Territorial Alliance (Pu Lof Xawun). The previously mentioned, allow us to analyze the quality of the democracy in Chile through the strategies that had been used to give a solution to the prosecution of the social-political conflict.

Mapuche Pu Lof Xawun Estado chileno CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA

Modular ontology to support manufacturing SMEs toward industry 4.0

ZAIDA ANTONIETA MORA ALVAREZ OSCAR HERNANDEZ URIBE RAMON ALBERTO LUQUE MORALES LEONOR ADRIANA CARDENAS ROBLEDO (2023, [Artículo])

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) implementation is a hot topic among manufacturing organizations to reach smart factory status and integrate a fully connected ecosystem. Achieving such a transition presents notable challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) since they often face resource and skilled personnel limitations. This study developed a domain ontology to represent various stages of maturity toward I4.0 implementation. Ontology provides a tool for SMEs to self-assess in situations of machines, processes, and factories for the dimensions of control, integration, and intelligence. This study focused on the identification of classes and relationships according to I4.0 implementation situations in the context of a manufacturing setting, the reuse of ontologies related to the domain of observations to model situations, and the creation and validation of the ontology through the information obtained from the questionnaires applied to SMEs. Finally, the ontology delivers a tool to understand SMEs' current state concerning I4.0 implementation and plan based on informed decisions about the maturity state and the technology required to advance to the next stage in their manufacturing processes.

This study was partially supported by the grants CONAHCYT-CIATEQ CVU 899567 and 162867 and CONAHCYT SNI.

We express our gratitude to Teresa Novales Hernandez for the library support.

Domain ontology Industry 4.0 SMEs Smart factory SPARQL Semantic web INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

User manual: How to use Agvisely to generate climate service advisories for livestock in Bangladesh

T.S Amjath-Babu Timothy Joseph Krupnik (2023, [Libro])

The Agvisely digital service for livestock integrates location-specific meteorological forecasts generated by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) with species specific biological thresholds for weather variables (Temperature, rainfall, and temperature-humidity index (THI). When a biological threshold is to be breached in next five days' forecast, the system automatically generates location-specific management advice for livestock farmers. Advisories are based on a decision tree developed by the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) and CIMMYT. Agvisely is a smart phone app and web-based service developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) CIMMYT with the support of USAID, securing the Food Systems of Asian Mega- Deltas (AMD) for Climate and Livelihood Resilience and the Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA) initiatives in collaboration with Bangladesh Dept. of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD).

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE SERVICES LIVESTOCK DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

Fortalecimiento y puesta en marcha del observatorio de conflictos por el agua en México

Ricardo Víctor López Mera Rita Vázquez del Mercado Arribas Gemma Millán ROBERTO ROMERO PEREZ (2015, [Documento de trabajo])

El propósito del proyecto fue actualizar y mantener la base de datos del observatorio de conflictos por el agua, el cual muestra información sobre la problemática hídrica en el país. La información del observatorio está basada, principalmente, en fuentes hemerográficas de circulación nacional.

Conflictos por agua Sitios web Artículos periodísticos CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Observatorio de conflictos por el agua en México

Ricardo Víctor López Mera EDUARDO LOPEZ RAMIREZ Gemma Millán (2015, [Documento de trabajo])

Este proyecto tuvo como fin construir y diseñar un sitio web para poder visualizar la problemática y conflictividad por el agua en México. Es decir, por un lado, ofrecer una herramienta de fácil acceso a las personas interesadas en estudiar y debatir sobre el tema. Por el otro, proponer una metodología basada en fuentes hemerográficas que ayude a localizar, entender y analizar las partes que componen un conflicto asociado al agua.

Conflictos por agua Sitios web Artículos periodísticos Informes de proyectos CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Seguimiento y promoción para la actualización del sitio web del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

Julio Sergio Santana RICARDO PRIETO GONZALEZ (2011, [Documento de trabajo])

A principios de 2010 el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) encargó al Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua la reestructuración y rediseño de su sitio web. El planteamiento de los trabajos acordados para ese proyecto incluyó, por una parte, la incorporación de los contenidos actuales bajo el control de un sistema administrador de contenidos y, por la otra, el análisis crítico de la situación del sitio al momento de iniciar los trabajos, así como, una propuesta para la mejora, tanto en contenidos como en la estructura y funcionalidad del sitio. El proyecto en cuestión tuvo como resultado la implantación de un nuevo sitio web más acorde con las necesidades del SMN y con las expectativas de los usuarios del sitio. Además incluyó la generación de un conjunto de recomendaciones para encaminar el sitio a una mejora sustancial que tendría lugar en una etapa posterior. El proyecto, objeto del presente documento, tiene como propósito dar seguimiento al buen funcionamiento del sitio y llevar a efecto la promoción encaminada a concretar las recomendaciones mencionadas anteriormente.

Meteorología Sitios web Informes de proyectos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Integration of novel SSR and gene-based SNP marker loci in the chickpea genetic map and establishment of new anchor points with Medicago truncatula genome

Spurthi Nayak Polavarapu Kavi Kishor Rajeev Varshney (2010, [Artículo])

Simple Sequence Repeats Mapping Population Translational Studies CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ANCHORS CHICKPEAS CICER ARIETINUM GENETIC MAPS GENETIC MARKERS MEDICAGO MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA MICROSATELLITES SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM GENES

Complex traits and candidate genes: estimation of genetic variance components across multiple genetic architectures

GIOVANNY COVARRUBIAS-PAZARAN Hans-Peter Piepho (2023, [Artículo])

Average Semivariance Linear Mixed Model Variance Component Estimation Polygenic Inheritance Oligogenic Inheritance Mendelian Inheritance CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MENDELISM GENETIC VARIANCE GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES PHENOTYPES CHROMOSOME MAPPING

Do provisioning ecosystem services change along gradients of increasing agricultural production?

Ronju Ahammad Stephanie Tomscha Sarah Gergel Frédéric Baudron Jean-Yves Duriaux Chavarría Samson Foli Dominic Rowland Josh Van Vianen Terence Sunderland (2024, [Artículo])

Context: Increasing agricultural production shapes the flow of ecosystem services (ES), including provisioning services that support the livelihoods and nutrition of people in tropical developing countries. Although our broad understanding of the social-ecological consequences of agricultural intensification is growing, how it impacts provisioning ES is still unknown. Objectives: We examined the household use of provisioning ES across a gradient of increasing agricultural production in seven tropical countries (Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nicaragua and Zambia). We answered two overarching questions: (1) does the use of provisioning ES differ along gradients of agriculture production ranging from zones of subsistence to moderate and to high agriculture production? and (2) are there synergies and/or trade-offs within and among groups of ES within these zones? Methods: Using structured surveys, we asked 1900 households about their assets, livestock, crops, and collection of forest products. These questions allowed us to assess the number of provisioning ES households used, and whether the ES used are functionally substitutable (i.e., used similarly for nutrition, material, and energy). Finally, we explored synergies and trade-offs among household use of provisioning ES. Results: As agricultural production increased, provisioning ES declined both in total number and in different functional groups used. We found more severe decreases in ES for relatively poorer households. Within the functional groups of ES, synergistic relationships were more often found than trade-offs in all zones, including significant synergies among livestock products (dairy, eggs, meat) and fruits. Conclusions: Considering landscape context provides opportunities to enhance synergies among provisioning services for households, supporting resilient food systems and human well-being.

Agricultural Production Zones Agricultural Intensifcation Synergies and Trade-Offs Landscape Multifunctionality Social-Ecological Systems CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE INTENSIFICATION ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LANDSCAPE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Calibrated multi-model ensemble seasonal prediction of Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall

Nachiketa Acharya Carlo Montes Timothy Joseph Krupnik (2023, [Artículo])

Bangladesh summer monsoon rainfall (BSMR), typically from June through September (JJAS), represents the main source of water for multiple sectors. However, its high spatial and interannual variability makes the seasonal prediction of BSMR crucial for building resilience to natural disasters and for food security in a climate-risk-prone country. This study describes the development and implementation of an objective system for the seasonal forecasting of BSMR, recently adopted by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). The approach is based on the use of a calibrated multi-model ensemble (CMME) of seven state-of-the-art general circulation models (GCMs) from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble project. The lead-1 (initial conditions of May for forecasting JJAS total rainfall) hindcasts (spanning 1982–2010) and forecasts (spanning 2011–2018) of seasonal total rainfall for the JJAS season from these seven GCMs were used. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA) regression is used to calibrate the raw GCMs outputs against observations, which are then combined with equal weight to generate final CMME predictions. Results show, compared to individual calibrated GCMs and uncalibrated MME, that the CCA-based calibration generates significant improvements over individual raw GCM in terms of the magnitude of systematic errors, Spearman's correlation coefficients, and generalised discrimination scores over most of Bangladesh areas, especially in the northern part of the country. Since October 2019, the BMD has been issuing real-time seasonal rainfall forecasts using this new forecast system.

Multi-Model Ensemble Seasonal Forecasting CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE SERVICES FORECASTING MONSOONS