Directrices para incrementar el rendimiento de grano en sistemas de cultivos asociados

Jacques Fils Pierre (2022, [Artículo])

Aunque el sistema de cultivo intercalado de la Península de Yucatán se considera amigable con el medio ambiente y juega un papel crucial en la producción de alimentos esenciales para la dieta mexicana, todavía se caracteriza por un bajo rendimiento debido a la competencia inter e intraespecífica (es decir, la disposición espacial de dos o más cultivos cuando se plantan en sistemas intercalados). En este sentido, el enfoque de este trabajo es proporcionar diferentes métodos que se pueden utilizar en sistemas de cultivo intercalado de maíz/leguminosas para reducir la competencia entre especies por los recursos.

AGRICULTURA CULTIVO INTERCALADO FRIJOL MAIZ MILPA XPELON BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Heliconias péndulas: un breve recorrido a su conocimiento en México y su potencial ornamental

CELSO GUTIERREZ BAEZ PEDRO ZAMORA CRESCENCIO (2022, [Artículo])

Existen tres especies con inflorescencia péndula del género Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) que crecen en México y que tienen vistosas inflorescencias que le dan un alto valor ornamental. Dos de ellas son endémicas. El cultivo de estas especies puede representar una fuente adicional de ingresos para familias campesinas del sureste de México.

HELICONIACEAE HORTICULTURA PLANTAS ENDEMICAS PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

The cerato-mandibular ligament: a key functional trait for grazing in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)

Damien Olivier Bruno Frederich MILTON ALEJANDRO SPANOPOULOS ZARCO Eduardo Francisco Balart Páez Eric Parmentier (2014, [Artículo])

"The success of a taxonomic group can be promoted by a key character that allows the group to interact with its environment in a different way and to potentially occupy new niches. The Pomacentridae possess a synapomorphic trait, the cerato-mandibular (c-md) ligament, which joins the hyoid bar to the inner part of the lower jaw. It has previously been shown that this ligament is a key trait in communication in damselfishes because it enables them to slam the oral jaws shut causing teeth collision and sound production. This specific behavior of mouth closing could, however, also be used for other tasks, such as feeding. Many territorial damselfishes are referred to as farmers, due to their ability to manage algal crops on which they feed. This study hypothesizes that the c-md ligament provides an advantage for grazing filamentous algae, and should thus be considered a key trait for farming behavior."

Biomechanics, Evolution, Farming, Functional morphology BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ZOOLOGÍA MARINA ZOOLOGÍA MARINA

De Novo assembly and annotation of the Pacific calico scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) transcriptome for immune-related gene discovery

RUTH ESCAMILLA MONTES GENARO DIARTE PLATA GABRIELA BERENICE MENDOZA MALDONADO Aarón Barraza Celis Carlos Eliud Angulo Valadez Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar Jesús Arturo Fierro Coronado ANTONIO LUNA GONZALEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"Invertebrates' immune defense mechanisms play a critical role in pathogen recognition and elimination. De novo assembly and annotation of the Argopecten ventricosus transcriptome were performed for the immune-related gene identification. Scallops (height: 4.4 cm) were challenged with inactivated Vibrio parahaemolyticus IPNGS16. The RNA from different tissues was pooled for a single cDNA library construction sequenced by NextSeq 500 platform 2×75 paired‐end chemistry. Before de novo assembling with Trinity, reads were analyzed with FastQC, Trimmomatic, and Prinseq. Assembled sequences were analyzed by CD-HIT-EST and TransDecoder. The corresponding annotation was performed against NCBI-nr, RefSeq protein, and KAAS (KEGG) databases. The Trinity assembly yielded 107,516 contigs. TransDecoder yielded 25,285 sequences as CDSs of which, 16,123 were annotated against the NCBI-nr protein, most of them scored with Crassostrea gigas data. Gene ontology mapped sequences (15,262) were classified in molecular functions (~13,000), cellular components (~11,000), and biological processes (~13,000). The KAAS analysis showed biological categories for metabolism (13%), cellular processes (12%), genetic information processing (10%), organismal systems (19%), environmental information (13%), and human diseases (33 %). Within the organismal systems, 467 immune-related genes (KO) were identified. Sixty-four immune-related genes were annotated/blasted against the NCBI-nr and RefSeq protein databases. An RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the expression level of immune-related genes obtained in the transcriptome analysis in scallops (height 4.5 cm) treated with probiotic bacilli added to culture water. Bacilli significantly increased the expression of the HSP70 and PGRP genes. The gene transcripts analysis of A. ventricosus will better understand its immune response against pathogens in culture systems."

Argopecten ventricosus, calico scallop, transcriptome, bivalve, immune genes BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNOLOGÍA

Gene expression in primary hemocyte culture of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei infected with different white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) strains

Delia Patricia Parrilla Taylor REGINA ELIZONDO GONZALEZ Jesús Neftalí Gutiérrez Rivera SILVIA ALEJANDRA GARCIA GASCA NORBERTO VIBANCO PEREZ MA. DE JESUS DURAN AVELAR RICARDO VAZQUEZ JUAREZ (2022, [Artículo])

"Five previously analyzed white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) strains from northwest Mexico,differing in their genome architecture as well as in virulence, were selected (high virulence JP and LG strains;moderate virulence GVE and DIV strains; and low virulence LC10 strain) to evaluate pathogenesis response in vitro. Expression of phagocytosis-activating protein PAP, manganese superoxide dismutase MnSOD and peroxiredoxin PRX, and two genes of immediate-early expression (IE1 and WSSV304) were measured by qPCR in a primary hemocyte cell culture from Penaeus vannamei at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-infection (hpi). PAP expression was significantly higher at 1 and 3 hpi, and JP and LC10 strains induced the highest expression. The response of MnSOD was high at 1 hpi, and a significant increase in PRX expression was detected at 3 hpi, probably due to the occurrence of an oxidative burst; expression levels of MnSOD and PRX were significantly higher at 1 and 3 hpi, respectively, induced by the LG strain (high virulence), suggesting an acute response. In general, expression of most immune-related - genes decreased after the initial hours of infection. Expression levels of IE1 and WSSV304 were exceptionally high at 1 hpi in almost all five WSSV analyzed strains,confirming their efficient mechanism for replication and viral fitness. The results of this study do not show an accurate link between the genome size and WSSV virulence of the strains, albeit the strain with the smallest genome showed the highest virulence. All strains induced an early immune response in heterogeneous ways."

Penaeus vannamei, virulence, gene expression, viral fitness, viral pathogenesis, immune response BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) PATOLOGÍA ANIMAL PATOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Screening of xylose utilizing and high lipid producing yeast strains as a potential candidate for industrial application

Linnea Qvirist RICARDO VAZQUEZ JUAREZ Thomas Andlid (2022, [Artículo])

"Background: Sustainable production of oil for food, feed, fuels and other lipid-based chemicals is essential to meet the demand of the increasing human population. Consequently, novel and sustainable resources such as lignocel- lulosic hydrolysates and processes involving these must be explored. In this paper we screened for naturally-occurring xylose utilizing oleaginous yeasts as cell factories for lipid production, since pentose sugar catabolism plays a major role in efcient utilization of lignocellulosic feedstocks. Glycerol utilization, which is also benefcial in yeast-based oil production as glycerol is a common by-product of biodiesel production, was investigated as well. Natural yeast isolates were studied for lipid accumulation on a variety of substrates, and the highest lipid accumulating strains were further investigated in shake fask cultivations and fermenter studies on xylose and hydrolysate. Results: By collecting leaves from exotic plants in greenhouses and selective cultivation on xylose, a high frequency of oleaginous yeasts was obtained (>40%). Diferent cultivation conditions lead to diferences in fatty acid contents and compositions, resulting in a set of strains that can be used to select candidate production strains for diferent purposes. In this study, the most prominent strains were identifed as Pseudozyma hubeiensis BOT-O and Rhodosporidium toruloides BOT-A2. The fatty acid levels per cell dry weight after cultivation in a nitrogen limited medium with either glucose, xylose or glycerol as carbon source, respectively, were 46.8, 43.2 and 38.9% for P. hubeiensis BOT-O, and 40.4, 27.3 and 42.1% for BOT-A2. Furthermore, BOT-A2 accumulated 45.1% fatty acids per cell dry weight in a natural plant hydrolysate, and P. hubeiensis BOT-O showed simultaneous glucose and xylose consumption with similar growth rates on both carbon sources. The fatty acid analysis demonstrated both long chain and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, depending on strain and medium. Conclusions: We found various natural yeast isolates with high lipid production capabilities and the ability to grow not only on glucose, but also xylose, glycerol and natural plant hydrolysate. R. toruloides BOT-A2 and P. hubeiensis BOT-O specifcally showed great potential as production strains with high levels of storage lipids and comparable growth to that on glucose on various other substrates, especially compared to currently used lipid production strains..."

Microbial lipids, Oleaginous yeast, Lignocellulose, Pseudozyma hubeiensis, Rhodosporidium toruloides BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA MICROBIOLOGÍA MICROBIOLOGÍA MICROBIOLOGÍA

Evaluación de las propiedades del mantillo en plantaciones de restauración ecológica en la selva estacional

GERARDO ANTONIO ROJAS ROBLES (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

En México, la selva estacionalmente seca también llamada selva baja caducifolia o

bosque tropical caducifolio presenta altas tasas de deforestación y degradación

debido a las actividades antrópicas. La intervención de restauración puede revertir

la pérdida de la diversidad biológica, así como promover la recuperación de los

beneficios de la naturaleza para las personas. Las plantaciones de restauración se

pueden establecer con especies de diferente estado sucesional o grupo funcional.

El aumento de la riqueza de leñosas debido a las plantaciones establecidas y al

proceso de sucesión natural pueden favorecer la acumulación de mantillo. Este

trabajo evaluó la acumulación de mantillo debido al proceso de sucesión natural y

al efecto de siete combinaciones de plantación incluyendo seis especies

leguminosas y seis no leguminosas en la temporada de lluvias (julio y septiembre

2021) y de secas (diciembre 2021 y marzo 2022). Después de cuatro años del

establecimiento del experimento, la masa de mantillo fue más alta en las

plantaciones que en la sucesión natural pero no difirió entre estaciones,

probablemente debido a la baja cantidad de lluvia que disminuyó el crecimiento de

los árboles, la caída de hojarasca y la tasa de descomposición de esta. El

crecimiento y la riqueza de las leñosas en las plantaciones y de las especies

reclutadas naturalmente en todos los tratamientos explicaron la masa de mantillo.

In Mexico, the tropical dry forest also called lowland deciduous forest or tropical

deciduous forest shows high rates of deforestation and degradation due to

anthropogenic activities. Restoration intervention can reverse the loss of

biodiversity, as well as promote the recovery of the nature's benefits to people.

Restoration plantings can be established with species of different successional

status or functional group. Increased woody richness due to plantings and natural

succession can lead to the accumulation of mulch mass. This work evaluated the

change in litter mass due to the natural succession process and the early effect of

seven combinations of restoration plantings of six legumes and six non-legume

species during the rainy (July and September 2021) and the dry season (December

2021 and March 2022). After four years of the establishment of experiment, the

mulch mass was higher in the plantings than under natural succession, but it did not

differ between seasons probably because the low amount of rain affected the growth

rates of plants, the amount of litter and the rate of litter decomposition. Tree growth

and richness of plantings or and of those from natural recruitment at all treatments

explained mulch mass.

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA

El amaranto o huauhtli sagrado del México prehispánico y alimento de alto valor nutricional del México contemporáneo

JESUS ALFREDO ARAUJO LEON Ivonne Sánchez del Pino Víctor Aguilar Hernández SERGIO RUBEN PERAZA SANCHEZ ROLFFY RUBEN ORTIZ ANDRADE ANDRES XINGU LOPEZ Ligia Guadalupe Brito Argáez J. NAHIM ALCOCER ESPEJEL (2023, [Artículo])

El amaranto o huauhtli es uno de los alimentos más versátiles y nutritivos del continente americano. Los frailes españoles documentaron en sus crónicas del siglo XVI, la amplia variedad de platillos que los mexicas elaboraban con huauhtli. También destaca la importancia de las semillas de amaranto en las prácticas religiosas y su uso en la elaboración de imágenes sagradas (principalmente comestibles) para los dioses. El amaranto fue importante para la agricultura, la gastronomía y los rituales del México antiguo. El presente ensayo documenta la historia del amaranto en las ceremonias mexicas y su importancia como "súper alimento" en la actualidad

AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS ALEGRIAS SUPER ALIMENTO MEXICAS HERENCIA PREHISPANICA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

La Pera: Área Natural Protegida que atesora alta biodiversidad en Chiapas, México

MARCO ANTONIO GARCIA JIMENEZ CANDELARIO CUNDAPÍ PÉREZ (2023, [Artículo])

En México, con la finalidad de preservar los ecosistemas naturales del país, la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) administra 185 áreas de carácter federal, mientras que la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural (SEMAHN) en Chiapas, administra 28 de carácter estatal. Sin embargo, estas últimas son poco conocidas y es importante difundir la riqueza biológica que resguardan. La Pera, en Chiapas, alberga 1033 especies de flora y fauna, de las cuales 109 están protegidas por las normas nacionales, algunas son endémicas al estado y a México. Conocer la presencia de especies prioritarias en el área nos proporciona herramientas para la conservación de la reserva.

BERRIOZABAL CORREDOR BIOLOGICO ZOQUE ESPECIES PRIORITARIAS LOCALIDAD TIPO BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

¿Por qué revalorizar los nances y sus variedades de colores?

Diana Elidé Burgos Lugo MARIA TERESA CASTILLO BURGUETE DANIELA ALEJANDRA MARTINEZ NATAREN (2023, [Artículo])

Los nances, frutales ancestrales con distribución desde el sureste mexicano hasta Sudamérica, están dejando de cultivarse y poco se conoce sobre sus variedades con frutos de colores, debido a los cambios en los hábitos de consumo y estilo de vida de las personas. El manejo tradicional de los nances se realiza en huertos familiares y parcelas de cultivo, cuyos frutos son recolectados, en ocasiones, con la participación familiar. Las formas de uso culinario de los nances, son parte de la cultura maya y ofrecen beneficios para la salud y la economía de los habitantes de comunidades rurales. Invitamos a conocer y apreciar los frutos de estos árboles que todavía están a nuestro alcance.

BYRSONIMA BUCIDIFOLIA BYRSONIMA CRASSIFOLIA CONOCIMIENTO TRADICIONAL FRUTALES SUBUTILIZADOS PROPIEDADES FUNCIONALES BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL