Reciprocal recurrent selection based on genetic complementation: An efficient way to build heterosis in diploids due to directional dominance

GIOVANNY COVARRUBIAS-PAZARAN Christian Werner Dorcus Gemenet (2023, [Artículo])

Selection Strategies Reciprocal Recurrent Selection Dominance-Based Heterosis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENETICS HETEROSIS MAIZE HYBRIDS FOOD SECURITY COMBINING ABILITY

Emmer wheat eco-geographic and genomic congruence shapes phenotypic performance under mediterranean climate

Dana Fuerst SHAILESH YADAV Rajib Roychowdhury Carolina Sansaloni Sariel Hübner (2022, [Artículo])

Emmer Wheat CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT GENETIC VARIATION CLIMATE PHENOLOGY YIELDS MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE

Géneros y afectos en la espacialidad universitaria: perspectivas para el diseño de campus futuros

Griselda Flesler Carolina Spataro RAFAEL BLANCO (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

Este trabajo analiza el impacto en el espacio universitario de las políticas de género implementadas en el ámbito de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA, Argentina) entre los años 2015 y 2020. Se trata de un estudio de caso realizado en el ámbito de la Ciudad Universitaria, campus en el que se emplazan las facultades de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN) y de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (FADU). El propósito de este artículo es problematizar la relación entre afecto y espacialidad a partir de los resultados de una encuesta que se propuso identificar cuáles son las emociones que suscitan algunos espacios cotidianos para quienes trabajan y estudian en el campus de la UBA, en particular, aquellos intervenidos con políticas de género durante los últimos años.

This paper analyzes the impact on spaciality of gender policies implemented at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA, Argentina) between 2015 and 2020. It is a case study carried out in the campus where the Faculties of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN) and Architecture, Design and Urbanism (FADU) are located. The purpose of this article is to problematize the relationship between affective perception and spatiality based on the results of a survey that aimed to identify the emotions that some daily spaces arouse for those who work and study on the UBA Campus, in particular, those intervened with gender policies in recent years.

Universidad, espacio, género, giro afectivo. University, space, gender, affective turn. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Gender mainstreaming. Community and college. Incorporación de la perspectiva de género. Universidades. Comunidad y universidad. LC191.98.A74 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA PEDAGOGÍA ORGANIZACIÓN Y PLANIFICACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN

GWAS identifies genetic loci underlying nitrogen responsiveness in the climate resilient C4 model Setaria italica (L.)

Tirthankar Bandyopadhyay Stéphanie M. Swarbreck Vandana Jaiswal Rajeev Gupta Alison Bentley Manoj Prasad (2022, [Artículo])

C4 Model Crop Climate Resilience CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE RESILIENCE FOOD SECURITY GENE EXPRESSION NITROGEN

Spatiotemporal analysis of rainfall and temperature variability and trends for climate resilient maize farming system in major agroecology zones of northwest Ethiopia

Kindie Tesfaye Dereje Ademe Enyew Adgo (2023, [Artículo])

Spatiotemporal studies of the annual and seasonal climate variability and trend on an agroecological spatial scale for establishing a climate-resilient maize farming system have not yet been conducted in Ethiopia. The study was carried out in three major agroecological zones in northwest Ethiopia using climate data from 1987 to 2018. The coefficient of variation (CV), precipitation concertation index (PCI), and rainfall anomaly index (RAI) were used to analyze the variability of rainfall. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were also applied to estimate trends and slopes of changes in rainfall and temperature. High-significance warming trends in the maximum and minimum temperatures were shown in the highland and lowland agroecology zones, respectively. Rainfall has also demonstrated a maximum declining trend throughout the keremt season in the highland agroecology zone. However, rainfall distribution has become more unpredictable in the Bega and Belg seasons. Climate-resilient maize agronomic activities have been determined by analyzing the onset and cessation dates and the length of the growth period (LGP). The rainy season begins between May 8 and June 3 and finishes between October 26 and November 16. The length of the growth period (LGP) during the rainy season ranges from 94 to 229 days.

Climate Trends Spatiotemporal Analysis Agroecology Zone CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGROECOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE VARIABILITY MAIZE

Transformation and innovation of knowledge in the construction and sustainable function of housing at the headwaters of San Juan Chamula.

Alejandra Trujillo Miguel Sánchez Álvarez (2022, [Artículo, Artículo])

SUMMARY

 

San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, is one of the most representative cultures of the native peoples of Mexico. The municipal seat is made up of three main neighborhoods: San Juan, San Sebastián and San Pedro. In ancient times, the architectural design of the houses was made of materials such as straw, adobe, bajareque and others of organic origin, which were part of the natural environment of the inhabitants. Thus, houses were built based on the use of natural elements available to the inhabitants as a result of the use of primary sector activity.

 

From the Chamula worldview housing has played functions for rest and shelter, therefore it was considered as a sacred place. When building one, ceremonies and offerings were carried out to appease any disgust of the guardians of Mother Earth, as they considered that nature had life, and to avoid any misfortune among the members of the family. For this, it was necessary to offer music, songs, and special dishes to feed the house and the Earth, so there would be harmony and well-being. Today, that worldview has been disrupted by the presence of multiple religions and other factors.

 

Chamula housing has gone through different stages of transition, from 1990 onwards, it was made of materials such as bricks, blocks and cement. With international migration and the arrival of young Chamula in the United States, changes in the building styles and function of housing are observed, as well as a loss of Chamula-type architectural knowledge, so that traditional architectural knowledge remains only with the elderly. Nowadays, Chamula masons and house builders opt for a foreign architectural design like California, thus changing their cultural identity, their way of life and their relationship with nature.

 

Keywords: traditional architecture, migration, architectural change.

traditional architecture migration architectural change arquitectura tradicional cambio arquitectónico chamula migración vivienda CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Value chain research and development: The quest for impact

Jason Donovan (2023, [Artículo])

Motivation: For decades, governments, donors, and practitioners have promoted market-based development approaches (MBDA), most recently in the form of value chain development (VCD), to spur economic growth and reduce poverty. Changes in approaches have been shaped by funders, practitioners and researchers in ways that are incompletely appreciated. Purpose: We address the following questions: (1) how have researchers and practitioners shaped discussions on MBDA?; and (2) how has research stimulated practice, and how has practice informed research? We hypothesize that stronger exchange between researchers and practitioners increases the relevance and impact of value chain research and development. Methods and approach: We adopt Downs' (1972) concept of issue-attention cycles, which posits that attention to a particular issue follows a pattern where, first, excitement builds over potential solutions; followed by disenchantment as the inherent complexity, trade-offs, and resources required to solve it become apparent; and consequently attention moves on to a new issue. We review the literature on MBDA to see how far this framing applies. Findings: We identify five cycles of approaches to market-based development over the last 40 or more years: (1) non-traditional agricultural exports; (2) small and medium enterprise development; (3) value chains with a globalization perspective; (4) value chains with an agri-business perspective; and (5) value chain development. The shaping and sequencing of these cycles reflect researchers' tendency to analyse and criticize MBDA, while providing limited guidance on workable improvements; practitioners' reluctance to engage in critical reflection on their programmes; and an institutional and funding environment that encourages new approaches. Policy implications: Future MBDA will benefit from stronger engagement between researchers, practitioners, and funders. Before shifting attention to new concepts and approaches, achievements and failures in previous cycles need to be scrutinized. Evidence-based practice should extend for the length of the issue-attention cycle; preferably it should arrest the cycling of attention. Funders can help by requiring grantees to critically reflect on past action, by providing “safe spaces” for sharing such reflections, and by engaging in joint learning with practitioners and researchers.

Agri-Food Value Chains Issue-Attention Cycles Market-Based Development Approaches CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA VALUE CHAINS PRIVATE SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDERS

Alternative cropping and feeding options to enhance sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farms in Bangladesh

Timothy Joseph Krupnik Jeroen Groot (2024, [Artículo])

We investigated alternative cropping and feeding options for large (>10 cows), medium (5–10 cows) and small (≤4 cows) mixed crop – livestock farm types, to enhance economic and environmental performance in Jhenaidha and Meherpur districts – locations with increasing dairy production – in south western Bangladesh. Following focus group discussions with farmers on constraints and opportunities, we collected baseline data from one representative farm from each farm size class per district (six in total) to parameterize the whole-farm model FarmDESIGN. The six modelled farms were subjected to Pareto-based multi-objective (differential evolution algorithm) optimization to generate alternative dairy farm and fodder configurations. The objectives were to maximize farm profit, soil organic matter balance, and feed self-reliance, in addition to minimizing feed costs and soil nitrogen losses as indicators of sustainability. The cropped areas of the six baseline farms ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 ha and milk production per cow was between 1,640 and 3,560 kg year−1. Feed self-reliance was low (17%–57%) and soil N losses were high (74–342 kg ha−1 year−1). Subsequent trade-off analysis showed that increasing profit and soil organic matter balance was associated with higher risks of N losses. However, we found opportunities to improve economic and environmental performance simultaneously. Feed self-reliance could be increased by intensifying cropping and substituting fallow periods with appropriate fodder crops. For the farm type with the largest opportunity space and room to manoeuvre, we identified four strategies. Three strategies could be economically and environmentally benign, showing different opportunities for farm development with locally available resources.

Ruminant Feed Pareto-Based Optimization Farm Bioeconomic Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMINANT FEEDING BIOECONOMIC MODELS MIXED CROPPING FARMS LIVESTOCK

DIW1 encoding a clade I PP2C phosphatase negatively regulates drought tolerance by de-phosphorylating TaSnRK1.1 in wheat

Jingyi Wang Chaonan Li Long Li Matthew Paul Reynolds Jizeng Jia Xinguo Mao Ruilian Jing (2023, [Artículo])

Association Analysis Elite Genetic Resources Map‐Based Clones Protein Phosphatase 2C CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DROUGHT GENETIC RESOURCES PROTEINS WHEAT WILTING

High-throughput plot-level quantitative phenotyping using convolutional neural networks on very high-resolution satellite images

Francisco Pinto Matthew Paul Reynolds Robert Furbank (2024, [Artículo])

Deep Learning Object-Based Image Analysis Optical Imagery CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE IMAGE ANALYSIS PLANT BREEDING REMOTE SENSING MACHINE LEARNING