Evaluación morfológica, bioquímica y diversidad genética del germoplasma silvestre de Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) y Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) del Noroeste de México

NIDIA ARAIZA LIZARDE (2016, [Tesis de doctorado])

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) are potential sources to obtaining oil for industrial purposes and production of biodiesel (Masayuki, 1976; Masayuki and Takeshi, 1980). The objectives of this study were to analyze the morphological characteristics of seeds, oil content, physicochemical parameters of lipid, fatty acids composition and genetic variability of ecotypes of jojoba and jatropha in the Northwest of Mexico. Three ecotypes of jojoba named Indígena la Huerta, Sonoyta, and Todos Santos were evaluated. Sonoyta seeds ecotype has the highest weight, length and thickness (0.82g, 15.98 mm and 9.28 mm). Significant differences in color and seed moisture were observed. The number of seeds per kilogram was higher in the ecotype Indígena la Huerta (1217). The oil content was between 43, 44 and 49% in the 3 ecotypes. Viscosity, density, index of acidity, peroxide, yodine and refraction showed no significant differences. The most abundant fatty acids were the Eicosanoic (52 to 62.43%), oleic (13.80 to 27.36%) and Palmitic (6.43-9.70%). ISSR analysis on the accessions of S. chinensis showed a 54% polymorphic. On the other hand 3 ecotypes of Jatropha curcas Estación Dimas, El Quelite and La Campana were analyzed. No significant differences in weight, length, thickness, humidity and number of seeds per kg. The color of the seeds was 60.80 to 65.64 °Hue. The oil content of the germ of J. curcas was 52 to 56%. Viscosity, density, index of acidity, peroxide, iodine and refraction showed no significant differences in the seeds collected in the three ecotypes in study. The most abundant saturated fatty acids were oleic (44 to 46%), linoleic (42 to 44%) and palmitic (4-6%). SSR analysis of J. curcas accessions showed expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.7524, 0.7092 and 0.7956 in ecotypes of La Campana, Estación Dimas and El Quelite respectively. The wild germplasm of jatropha and jojoba is an alternative in the cosmetics and energy industry and represents a potential for activating the economy in arid and semi-arid regions of México.

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) y jatropha (Jatropha curcas) son fuentes potenciales para la obtención de aceite con fines industriales y para la producción de biodiesel (Masayuki, 1976; Masayuki y Takeshi, 1980). Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar las características morfológicas de las semillas, el contenido de aceite, los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los lípidos, la composición de ácidos grasos y la diversidad genética de ecotipos de jojoba y jatropha en el Noroeste de México. Se evaluaron tres ecotipos de jojoba denominados Indígena la Huerta, Sonoyta y Todos Santos. Las semillas del ecotipo de Sonoyta presentaron el mayor peso, longitud y grosor (0.82 g, 15.98 mm y 9.28 mm). Se observaron diferencias significativas en el color y la humedad de la semilla. El número de semillas por kilogramo fue mayor en el ecotipo de Indígena la Huerta (1217 semillas). El contenido de aceite fue de 43 a 49% en los 3 ecotipos. La viscosidad, densidad específica, índice de acidez, peróxido, yodo y refracción no mostraron diferencias significativas. Los ácidos grasos más abundantes fueron el eicosanoico (52 a 62.43%), oleico (13.80 a 27.36%), y palmítico (6.43 a 9.70%). El análisis ISSR mostró un porcentaje polimórfico de 54 %. Por otro lado, se analizaron 3 ecotipos de Jatropha curcas denominados Estación Dimas, El Quelite y La Campana. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el peso, longitud, grosor, humedad y número de semillas por kilogramo. El color de las semillas fue de 60.80 a 65.64 °Hue. El contenido de aceite del germen de J. curcas fue de 52 a 56%. La viscosidad, densidad específica, índice de acidez, peróxido, yodo y refracción del aceite no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los ecotipos estudiados. Los ácidos grasos más abundantes fueron el oleico (44 a 46%), linoleico (42 a 44%) y palmítico (4 a 6%). El análisis SSR de accesiones de J. curcas mostró la heterocigosidad esperada (He) de 0.7524, 0.7092 y 0.7956 en los ecotipos de La Campana, Estación Dimas y El Quelite, respectivamente. El germoplasma silvestre de jojoba y jatropha es una alternativa en la industria cosmética y energética, representan un potencial para activar la economía en las regiones áridas y semiáridas de México.

ácidos grasos, semillas, ISSR, lípidos, jatropha, jojoba, SSR INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA BIOQUÍMICA ACEITES Y GRASAS VEGETALES ACEITES Y GRASAS VEGETALES

Síntesis de materiales laminares pilareados con óxidos variables para degradación de contaminantes en fase líquida

Synthesis of pillared laminar materials with variable oxides for degradation of contaminants in liquid phase

Carlos Alfonso Sierra García (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

La fotocatálisis heterogénea es esencial para la degradación exitosa de contaminantes orgánicos en medios líquidos. Este proceso de oxidación avanzada se ha convertido en uno de los más interesantes para el tratamiento de aguas residuales, que contienen compuestos orgánicos nocivos para el medio ambiente, como los colorantes. En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad fotocatalítica de zeolita MCM-22 pilareada con SiO2/TiO2 (también conocida como MCM-36) para la degradación de azul ácido 113, un colorante diazoico utilizado frecuentemente en la industria textil. Las zeolitas MCM-22 se sintetizaron mediante el método hidrotermal, sujetas al proceso de pilareado de SiO2/TiO2 en diferentes relaciones molares modificado con la asistencia de isopropanol junto a una impregnación húmeda de MnO2 (1 y 2%). Se confirmaron las estructuras mesoporosas de las zeolitas mediante los análisis de difracción de rayos X y fisisorción de N2. Los resultados de espectroscopía UV-Vis de reflectancia difusa indicaron la presencia de especies de óxidos de Ti y Mn. En microscopía electrónica de barrido las muestras se observaron de manera panorámica las muestras, mientras que en microscopia electrónica de transmisión se observó la dispersión de las nanopartículas de TiO2, donde se logró ver la distancia interplanar de estas identificando el plano (100) característico de la fase anatasa, así como la estructura laminar y mesoporosa de la MCM-22. Las cantidades de Ti y Mn introducidas a las muestras se obtuvieron mediante el análisis ICP-OES (espectrometría de emisión óptica de plasma de acoplamiento inductivo). Los resultados de degradación fotocatalítica mostraron que el fotocatalizador más activo fue MCM-36 0:1 consiguiendo un 79.64%, seguido del MCM-36 1:10 (42.70%), 1:5 (34.83%) y 1:3 (25.99%). Se observó que la actividad del TiO2 puede ser inhibida por la adición de MnO2, que envenena el catalizador, posiblemente dando lugar a la formación de una heterounión entre el TiO2 y MnO2, formando centros que aceleran la fotorecombinación.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is essential for the successful degradation of organic contaminants in liquid media. This advanced oxidation process has become one of the most interesting for the treatment of wastewater containing organic compounds harmful to the environment, such as dyes. In this work, the photocatalytic activity of zeolite MCM-22 pillared with SiO2/TiO2 (also known as MCM36) was evaluated for the degradation of acid blue 113, a diazo dye frequently used in the textile industry. MCM-22 zeolites were synthesized by the hydrothermal method, using the SiO2/TiO2 pillaring process in different molar ratios, modified with the assistance of isopropanol together with a wet impregnation of MnO2 (1 and 2 %). The mesoporous structures of the zeolites were confirmed by Xray diffraction and N2 physisorption analyses. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy results indicated the presence of Ti and Mn oxide species. With scanning electron microscopy, the samples were observed panoramically, while with transmission electron microscopy the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles was observed, where it was possible to see their interplanar distance, identifying the (100) plane, characteristic of the anatase phase, as well as the lamellar and mesoporous structure of MCM-22. The amounts of Ti and Mn introduced to the samples were obtained by ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy) analysis. The photocatalytic degradation results showed that the most active photocatalyst was MCM-36 0:1 achieving 79.64%, followed by MCM-36 1:10 (42.70%), 1:5 (34.83%) and 1:3 (25.99%). It was observed that the activity of TiO2 can be inhibited by the addition of MnO2, which poisons the catalyst, leading to the formation of a heterojunction between TiO2 and MnO2, forming centers that accelerate photorecombination.

MCM-22, zeolita, fotocatálisis, TiO2, azul ácido 113 MCM-22, zeolite, photocatalysis, TiO2, acid blue 113 INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Structural analysis evaluationfor rollers of chassis dynoUsing finite element software

Jesús Emmanuel López Rizo ALFREDO CHAVEZ LUNA JAIME GONZALO SANTANA ESQUIVEL (2023, [Artículo])

This paper discusses the design considerations for a chassis dynamometer, focused on the rollers system used for measuring the power and torque of a vehicle in a university-level workshop. The design must prioritize factors such as safety, ease of use, adaptability to diverse types of vehicles, and the inclusion of safety systems to protect students and the vehicle. The work suggests adaptative features for the design, such as an adjustable fastening system and a compact and portable design, to adapt the structure into a university laboratory. The study also describes common methods for measuring engine power and torque using a chassis dynamometer, and the accurate and reliable measurement systems used for this purpose. This concludes with a discussion of the manufacturing methods used for the chassis dynamometer and a static analysis of the maximum effort capacity in each roller using Von Mises and Goodman fatigue theories. Developing a chassis dynamometer, in accordance the current patents available for workshop practices in a university is essential for providing students with comprehensive training.

Chassis dynamometer Conceptual design Finite element software Power and torque measurement Structural analysis INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Pertinencia del análisis transdisciplinario de la lírica-musical popular latinoamericana

Fermin Monroy Villanueva (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

Capítulo número 3 de la Sección El juego de los signos.

El objetivo de este texto es resaltar la importancia de llevar a la práctica el análisis transdisciplinario de lo que comúnmente es conocido como canción popular, elemento fundamental de los géneros musicales latinoamericanos que aún son considerados representativos de la identidad de sus países. De entre el basto universo integrado por este tipo de producciones, el enfoque está en la música de mariachi mexicano –base de la canción ranchera–, el tango canción argentino y el pasillo ecuatoriano. En este sentido, sostenemos que el análisis de las letras es una vía de aproximación para conocer las condiciones contextuales que caracterizaron la época en que fueron escritas, es decir, al ámbito social, cultural, político, histórico, económico y, de forma muy particular, al emocional. De tal modo, el análisis de la lírica permite reconocer continuidades y resaltar la vigencia de elementos simbólicos que participan en la configuración de sujetos, sociedades y culturas: patrióticos (en la mención de héroes nacionales, lugares y fechas históricas, banderas, escudos, himnos), religiosos (Dios, santos, vírgenes, mártires), espaciales (pueblos, barrios, el campo, las ciudades), conductuales (comportamientos estereotipados en mujeres y hombres, costumbres), etcétera.

Music--Semiotics. Popular music--Latin America--History and criticism. Musical analysis. Intercultural communication. Música popular. Análisis musical. Comunicación intercultural. Semiótica y arte. ML3845 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS TEORÍA, ANÁLISIS Y CRÍTICA DE LAS BELLAS ARTES MÚSICA, MUSICOLOGÍA

Molecular characterization of divergent isolates of Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd) from citrus cultivars of Punjab, Pakistan

Abdelfattah DABABAT Yong Suk Chung (2023, [Artículo])

Biological Indexing Sequencing Analysis Citrus Orchards CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS CITRUS RNA DNA

Impacts of climate change on agriculture and household welfare in Zambia: an economy-wide analysis

Hambulo Ngoma (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE SMALLHOLDERS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

The past, the present, the future, and occupational self-efficacy: an attributions and cultural differences perspective

Daniel Arturo Cernas Ortiz (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This study´s objective was to examine empirical relationships between three dimensions of time perspective (future, present fatalistic, and past negative) and occupational self-efficacy. By surveying Mexican (n = 286) and U.S. (n = 272) respondents, we also tested the moderating role of culture. Regression analyses revealed that time perspective dimensions have significant associations with occupational self-efficacy, being future time perspective more potent than its past negative and present fatalistic counterparts. Moderation analyses indicated that none of the examined time perspective-self-efficacy relationships varied significantly between the U.S. and Mexico. Overall, this study suggests that relationships between time perspective and occupational self-efficacy vary according to different temporal dimensions, that future TP is key to develop occupational self-efficacy, and that cultural values may not exert a significant influence on the time perspective-occupational self-efficacy connection.

Perspectiva de tiempo autoeficacia diferencias culturales análisis de moderación CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES Time perspective self-efficacy cultural differences moderation analysis

Natural disasters and economic growth: a synthesis of empirical evidence

Fernando Antonio Ignacio González (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Natural disasters pose a serious threat globally and, in the future, their frequency and severity are expected to increase due to climate change. Empirical evidence has reported conflicting results in terms of the impact of disasters on economic growth. In this context, the present work seeks to synthesize the recent empirical evidence related to this topic. More than 650 estimates, from studies published in the last five years (2015-2020), are used. Meta-analysis and meta-regression techniques are employed. The review includes three sources (Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). The results identified the existence of a negative and significant combined effect (-0.015). Developing countries are especially vulnerable to disasters. The negative impact is greater for disasters that occurred in the last decade -in relation to previous disasters-. These findings constitute a call for attention in favor of mitigation and adaptation policies.

Disasters GDP meta-analysis meta-regression desastres crecimiento PIB meta-análisis meta-regresión CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

On-farm assessment of yield and quality traits in durum wheat

Facundo Tabbita Iván Ortíz-Monasterios Francisco Javier Pinera-Chavez Maria Itria Ibba Carlos Guzman (2023, [Artículo])

BACKGROUND: Durum wheat is key source of calories and nutrients for many regions of the world. Demand for it is predicted to increase. Further efforts are therefore needed to develop new cultivars adapted to different future scenarios. Developing a novel cultivar takes, on average, 10 years and advanced lines are tested during the process, in general, under standardized conditions. Although evaluating candidate genotypes for commercial release under different on-farm conditions is a strategy that is strongly recommended, its application for durum wheat and particularly for quality traits has been limited. This study evaluated the grain yield and quality performance of eight different genotypes across five contrasting farmers’ fields over two seasons. Combining different analysis strategies, the most outstanding and stable genotypes were identified. RESULTS: The analyses revealed that some traits were mainly explained by the genotype effect (thousand kernel weight, flour sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, and flour yellowness), others by the management practices (yield and grain protein content), and others (test weight) by the year effect. In general, yield showed the highest range of variation across genotypes, management practices, and years and test weight the narrowest range. Flour yellowness was the most stable trait across management conditions, while yield-related traits were the most unstable. We also determined the most representative and discriminative field conditions, which is a beneficial strategy when breeders are constrained in their ability to develop multi-environment experiments. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that assessing genotypes in different farming systems is a valid and complementary strategy for on-station trials for determining the performance of future commercial cultivars in heterogeneous environments to improve the breeding process and resources.

Wheat Quality GGE Analysis Flour Yellowness CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FLOURS WHEAT QUALITY YIELDS FIELD EXPERIMENTATION

Gender, rainfall endowment, and farmers’ heterogeneity in wheat trait preferences in Ethiopia

Hom Nath Gartaula Moti Jaleta (2024, [Artículo])

Wheat is a vital cereal crop for smallholders in Ethiopia. Despite over fifty years of research on wheat varietal development, consideration of gendered trait preferences in developing target product profiles for wheat breeding is limited. To address this gap, our study used sex-disaggregated survey data and historical rainfall trends from the major wheat-growing regions in Ethiopia. The findings indicated heterogeneity in trait preferences based on gender and rainfall endowment. Men respondents tended to prefer wheat traits with high straw yield and disease-resistance potential, while women showed a greater appreciation for wheat traits related to good taste and cooking quality. Farmers in high rainfall areas seemed to prioritize high straw yield and disease resistance traits, while those in low rainfall areas valued good adaptation traits more highly. Most of the correlation coefficients among the preferred traits were positive, indicating that farmers seek wheat varieties with traits that serve multiple purposes. Understanding men's and women's preferences and incorporating them in breeding and seed systems could contribute to the development of more targeted and effective wheat varieties that meet the diverse needs of men and women farmers in Ethiopia.

Trait Preferences Multivariate Probit Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS GENDER RAINFALL PROBIT ANALYSIS