Women, economic resilience, gender norms in a time of climate change: what do we know?

Cathy Farnworth Anne Rietveld Rachel Voss Angela Meentzen (2023, [Artículo])

This literature delves into 82 research articles, published between 2016 and 2022, to develop a deep understanding of how women manage their lives and livelihoods within their agrifood systems when these systems are being affected, sometimes devastatingly, by climate change. The Findings show that four core gender norms affect the ability of women to achieve economic resilience in the face of climate change operate in agrifood production systems. Each of these gender norms speaks to male privilege: (i) Men are primary decision-makers, (ii) Men are breadwinners, (iii) Men control assets, and (iv) Men are food system actors. These gender norms are widely held and challenge women’s abilities to become economically resilient. These norms are made more powerful still because they fuse with each other and act on multiple levels, and they serve to support other norms which limit women’s scope to act. It is particularly noteworthy that many institutional actors, ranging from community decision-makers to development partners, tend to reinforce rather than challenge gender norms because they do not critically review their own assumptions.

However, the four gender norms cited are not hegemonic. First, there is limited and intriguing evidence that intersectional identities can influence women’s resilience in significant ways. Second, gender norms governing women’s roles and power in agrifood systems are changing in response to climate change and other forces, with implications for how women respond to future climate shocks. Third, paying attention to local realities is important – behaviours do not necessarily substantiate local norms. Fourth, women experience strong support from other women in savings groups, religious organisations, reciprocal labour, and others. Fifth, critical moments, such as climate disasters, offer potentially pivotal moments of change which could permit women unusually high levels of agency to overcome restrictive gender norms without being negatively sanctioned. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

Economic Resilience Intersectional Identities Women Groups Support CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ECONOMICS RESILIENCE CLIMATE CHANGE GENDER NORMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS WOMEN

Not raised ‘to make big decisions’: young people’s agency and livelihoods in rural Pakistan

Patti Petesch Lone Badstue Dil Bahadur Rahut Akhter Ali (2022, [Artículo])

Social Norms Qualitative Research CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE GENDER LIVELIHOODS SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS YOUTH AGENCIES

Tránsito inverso para la estimación de avenidas de ingreso a vasos

ALVARO ALBERTO ALDAMA RODRIGUEZ ERNESTO AGUILAR GARDUÑO (1997, [Artículo])

Se presentan y comparan, analítica y numéricamente, tres métodos para la determinación de avenidas de ingreso a vasos, fundamentados en el conocimiento de la elevación de la superficie libre del agua y del tránsito inverso de la avenida. Se consideran el método tradicional, en el que se emplea la regla trapezoidal, así como los esquemas de Adams-Bashforth y los de diferencias centrales. Los métodos se aplican a un caso hipotético y a la estimación de la avenida máxima registrada en el vaso de la presa El Infiernillo, Michoacán. Se concluye que el método de diferencias centrales, propuesto en este trabajo, exhibe el mejor comportamiento.

Estimación de avenidas Tránsito inverso Métodos Presa El Infiernillo INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Introducción a los métodos numéricos aplicados a la hidráulica

OSCAR ARTURO FUENTES MARILES Polioptro Martinez-Austria (1988, [Libro])

El libro pretende ser una introducción a los métodos numéricos aplicados a la ingeniería hidráulica, intentando establecer un equilibrio entre la presentación de los métodos y sus aplicaciones. De igual manera, se hace énfasis en su aplicación a la ingeniería hidráulica; con la intención de que el lector sea capaz, en problemas de su práctica profesional cotidiana, de lograr aplicacioens semejantes.

Hidráulica Métodos numéricos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

The Mexican environmental flow standard: scope, application and implementation

MARIA ANTONIETA GOMEZ BALANDRA MARIA DEL PILAR SALDAÑA FABELA MARICELA MARTINEZ JIMENEZ (2014, [Artículo])

With the implementation of the Official Mexican Standard NOM-011-CONAGUA-2000, the water balance of 730 basins has been calculated and its water availability agreement is published. This rule points out to allocate water for the environment only as an annual volume since methods for estimating environmental flows were not standardized in the country. In this paper, an analysis of the environmental flow standard and examples of the suggested hydrological methods are presented. For its implementation, some steps are taking place, mainly establishing environmental water reserves and building capacities. In addition, environmental allocations are becoming a common practice for all water projects, as well as setting limits to hydrological alterations by hydroelectric dams. The standard promotes the use of technical integration tools to analyze the responses of ecosystems to changes in the flow regime and adaptive management under different scenarios of water use. Although the main steps have been taken, its implementation as mandatory rule will take time.

Flujos ambientales Modelos hidrológicos Normas técnicas BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

Análisis cuantitativo con diagrama de precedencias de condiciones productivas actuales de 5 líneas de ensamble de amortiguadores mediante el método de balanceo peso posicional

José Humberto Vergara García (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

En este trabajo de investigación se empleó el método de Helgeson & Birnie para realizar el balanceo por peso posicional de cinco líneas de ensamble modular de amortiguadores de la empresa ZF Suspension Technology Guadalajara S.A. de C.V. La metodología empleada permitió establecer las condiciones actuales de operación de las cinco líneas. Mediante el uso del método mencionado se encontró que en la mayoría de las líneas de ensamble analizadas sus tareas se encuentran correctamente balanceadas y ordenadas, corroborando así el buen trabajo realizado al momento de su instalación y puesta en marcha. Si bien en cualquier proceso de ensamble siempre hay oportunidades de mejora, contar con líneas de ensamble bien balanceadas permite a la empresa tener una base sólida para la producción de este tipo de componentes automotrices.

The Helgeson & Birnie method was employed in this research for balancing, by positional weight, five modular strut assembly production lines at ZF Suspension Technology Guadalajara S.A. De C.V. The proposed methodology allowed to know the current operating conditions of the production lines. It was found that most of the analyzed production lines are correctly balanced suggesting a correct commissioning and start up procedure performed when the lines were initially installed. Although every assembling line always can be improved, having well-balanced assembly lines provides a solid base line for any automotive manufacturing company.

Líneas de ensamble modular Método de Helgeson & Birnie Peso posicional Final assembly lines Helgeson & Birnie method Positional weight INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

A comprehensive account of SARS-CoV-2 genome structure, incurred mutations, lineages and COVID-19 vaccination program

Shailendra Sharma deepmala sehgal Apekshita Singh Shailendra Goel SoomNath Raina (2022, [Artículo])

Corona Viruses Genome Structure Novel Mutations Resistance to Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA COVID-19 ANTIBODY FORMATION LIFE CYCLE VACCINATION VACCINES LINEAGE

Necessity as a driver in bending agricultural gender norms in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia

Pragya Timsina Emma Karki Brendan Brown (2023, [Artículo])

The majority of the farmers in the rural Global South continue to depend directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Despite the fact that women account for almost half of the world's farmers, they face gender-specific challenges such as deeply rooted cultural and social norms that limit their access to land, assets, financial markets, agricultural training, and information. Using semi-structured interviews with farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains, this study investigates how necessity is becoming one of the major drivers in the bending of agricultural gender norms. The study investigates the connections between feminist political ecology and agricultural technology production frameworks in order to comprehend the implications of technology adoption and influences on gender norms in communities. Women's participation in agriculture was found to be heavily influenced by social and cultural barriers, and they were frequently subjected to social criticism for breaking the systemic gender norms. This paper emphasizes on the growing pattern of bending gender norms with recommendations for increasing women's participation and scope in future agriculture development initiatives through policies and interventions that emphasize gender equity.

Social Barriers Cultural Barriers Feminist Political Ecology CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER NORMS WOMEN FARMERS AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY

Unanswered questions and unquestioned answers: the challenges of crop residue retention and weed control in Conservation Agriculture systems of southern Africa

Christian Thierfelder Blessing Mhlanga Hambulo Ngoma Paswel Marenya Md Abdul Matin Adane Tufa (2024, [Artículo])

Production and utilization of crop residues as mulch and effective weed management are two central elements in the successful implementation of Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems in southern Africa. Yet, the challenges of crop residue availability for mulch or the difficulties in managing weed proliferation in CA systems are bigger than a micro-level focus on weeds and crop residues themselves. The bottlenecks are symptoms of broader systemic complications that cannot be resolved without appreciating the interactions between the current scientific understanding of CA and its application in smallholder systems, private incentives, social norms, institutions, and government policy. In this paper, we elucidate a series of areas that represent some unquestioned answers about chemical weed control and unanswered questions about how to maintain groundcover demanding more research along the natural and social sciences continuum. In some communities, traditional rules that allow free-range grazing of livestock after harvesting present a barrier in surface crop residue management. On the other hand, many of the communities either burn, remove, or incorporate the residues into the soil thus hindering the near-permanent soil cover required in CA systems. The lack of soil cover also means that weed management through soil mulch is unachievable. Herbicides are often a successful stopgap solution to weed control, but they are costly, and most farmers do not use them as recommended, which reduces efficacy. Besides, the use of herbicides can cause environmental hazards and may affect human health. Here, we suggest further assessment of the manipulation of crop competition, the use of vigorously growing cover crops, exploration of allelopathy, and use of microorganisms in managing weeds and reducing seed production to deplete the soil weed seed bank. We also suggest in situ production of plant biomass, use of unpalatable species for mulch generation and change of grazing by-laws towards a holistic management of pastures to reduce the competition for crop residues. However, these depend on the socio-economic status dynamics at farmer and community level.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS CROP RESIDUES ZERO TILLAGE SOCIAL NORMS SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION WEED CONTROL

Publisher Correction: Gut microbiota mediate caffeine detoxification in the primary insect pest of coffee (Nature Communications, (2015), 6, 1, (7618), 10.1038/ncomms8618)

Javier A. Ceja-Navarro Fernando E. Vega Ulas Karaoz Zhao Hao Petr Kosina Francisco Infante Trent Northen Eoin Brodie (2023, [Artículo])

Antibiotic Frass Non Antibiotic CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MICROBIAL FLORA PEST INSECTS HYPOTHENEMUS HAMPEI CAFFEINE