Repositorio Nacional

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is a nutrient-dense, relatively drought-tolerant cereal crop cultivated in dry regions worldwide. The crop is under-researched, and its grain yield is low (< 0.8 tons ha−1) and stagnant in the major production regions, including Burkina Faso. The low productivity of pearl millet is mainly attributable to a lack of improved varieties, Striga hermonthica [Sh] infestation, downy mildew infection, and recurrent heat and drought stress. Developing high-yielding and Striga-resistant pearl millet varieties that satisfy the farmers’ and market needs requires the identification of yield-promoting genes linked to economic traits to facilitate marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding. The objective of this study was to undertake genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Sh resistance among 150 pearl millet genotypes to identify genetic markers for marker-assisted breeding and trait introgression. The pearl millet genotypes were phenotyped in Sh hotspot fields and screen house conditions. Twenty-nine million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) initially generated from 345 pearl millet genotypes were filtered, and 256 K SNPs were selected and used in the present study. Phenotypic data were collected on days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, thousand-grain weight, grain weight, number of emerged Striga and area under the Striga number progress curve (ASNPC). Agronomic and Sh parameters were subjected to combined analysis of variance, while genome-wide association analysis was performed on phenotypic and SNPs data. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected among the assessed pearl millet genotypes for Sh parameters and agronomic traits. Further, there were significant genotype by Sh interaction for the number of Sh and ASNPC. Twenty-eight SNPs were significantly associated with a low number of emerged Sh located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Four SNPs were associated with days-to-50%-flowering on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7, while five were associated with panicle length on chromosomes 2, 3, and 4. Seven SNPs were linked to thousand-grain weight on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6. The putative SNP markers associated with a low number of emerged Sh and agronomic traits in the assessed genotypes are valuable genomic resources for accelerated breeding and variety deployment of pearl millet with Sh resistance and farmer- and market-preferred agronomic traits.

High-Yielding Varieties Striga-Resistant Agronomic Parameters CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES STRIGA HERMONTHICA PEARL MILLET

Combination of linkage and association mapping with genomic prediction to infer QTL regions associated with gray leaf spot and northern corn leaf blight resistance in tropical maize

David Berger Yoseph Beyene Collins Juma Suresh L.M. Manje Gowda (2023, [Artículo])

Gray Leaf Spot Northern Corn Leaf Blight CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE LEAF SPOTS QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI ASSOCIATION MAPPING GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES

Hábitos alimenticios y aportación nutricional de la dieta de Paralichthys californicus, en la Bahía de Todos Santos y estero de Punta Banda, Ensenada, B.C

María Idalia Sandoval Muy (1995, [Tesis de maestría])

Se analizaron 289 estómagos para describir la dieta de Paralichthys californicus en la Bahía de Todos Santos y el Estero de Punta Banda (junio de 1992 a marzo de 1993), realizando una separación por área y estación (invierno y verano). Se determinó realizar la descripción de la dieta a nivel de grupos presa para categorizar las presas ingeridas, y se emplearon los índices de porciento numérico, de peso, de frecuencia de ocurrencia, y el Índice de Importancia Relativa (IIR). Los organismos de la bahía presentaron mayor talla promedio (154.2 ±D.E.37.2mm) que los colectados en el estero (107.9 ±36.85mm), la cual fue diferente (K-W, p<0.001) tanto entre las dos áreas como entre invierno y verano de cada zona. En ambos lugares los organismos de menor talla se encontraron en invierno. Se identificaron cuatro presas a nivel familia, ocho a nivel género, y 15 a nivel especie. Los principales componentes de la dieta en la bahía durante invierno, fueron mysidos con 88.4% del I.I.R. (Metainysidopsis elongata, 62. l %), carideos (10%) y peces; en el verano el grupo más importante nuevamente fue mysidos (98.7%), y el resto gamáridos, carideos y peces. De las presas presentes en el estero, los peces fueron los más importantes (95.6%) en el invierno destacando góbidos (60.63%) y principalmente Ilypnus gilberti (30.5%); en el verano, varias especies de góbidos 31.68% y otras especies de peces (35.2%). Se encontraron diferencias (p<0.01) en el número de presas tanto entre las dos áreas como entre el invierno y el verano de ambos lugares. En el estero, se detectaron diferencias en el porcentaje de proteínas de los contenidos estomacales en los dos grupos de tallas y estaciones del año; un resultado similar fue para lípidos. Una estimación de las calorías con base en el contenido de lípidos y proteínas de las principales presas, indicó que el aporte calórico al depredador está en función del número y tipo de presa ingerida y no a la selección de las presas por el lenguado, esto puede reflejar la disponibilidad del alimento. Los valores de ración diaria fueron mayores para la bahía (0.22-0.24 Kcal/g) que para el estero (0.10-0.12 Kcal/g), y no se encontró un efecto del cambio de temperatura entre verano e invierno (Q10 <1.4) para ambos lugares.

A total of 289 stomachs were analyzed to describe the diet of Paralichthys californicus juveniles in Bahía de Todos Santos and Estero de Punta Banda, B.C., México (June 1992 to March 1993); after the collection, the stomachs were grouped in winter and summer seasons of each area. Diet was described to higher-1evel taxonomic categories based on the percent in number, wet weight, and frequency of occurrence and the prey importance by the Index of Relative Importance (IIR). Largest organisms (154.2± D.E.37.2mm SL) were found in the hay than those from the estuary (107.9±.36.85mm), with a significative difference between areas and between winter and summer of each site (K-W, <0.001) In both areas the minor size organisms were collected during winter. The lowest taxon identified as preys in both areas were four at family leve1, and eight to genus and 15 to species level. Mysids (IRI = 88.4%) with Metamysidopsis elongata (62.1 %), carideans (10.2%), and fishes were the most important food items in the bay during winter; in summer, the mysids (IRI = 98.4%, M. elongata, IRI = 35.3%), carideans (0.9%) and the fishes, again. ln the estuary (winter), the rnost important were the fishes (IRI = 95.6%) with members of the gobies (60.63%) mainly llypnus gilberti (30.5%); a small percent was provided by invertebrates (0.08%); in summer, the fishes (66.9%), gamarids (17%) and the mysids ( 13. 8%) domínate the diet. Significant differences was found in prey numbers between areas and between seasons of each site. In the estuary, differences in the protein content from stomachs of two groups size were found; these differences were detected between seasons, and similar results was detected in lipids. The calories values (based in lipid and protein content) from the main prey, indicate that the caloric contribution is a function of kind and prey numbers, more than the selection by the halibul, this may indicate the food disponibility. The daily ration in bay (0.22-0.24 Kcal/g) was greater than in the estuary (0.10-0.12), and no effect of the temperature change in summer and winter (Q10 <1.4) for both areas were found.

Lenguado de california,Paralichthys californicus,Bahía de Todos Santos,Estero de Punta Banda,Baja California,Ciencias del mar CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE

Solanum tuberosum Microtuber Development under Darkness Unveiled through RNAseq Transcriptomic Analysis

ELIANA VALENCIA LOZANO LISSET HERRERA ISIDRON Osiel Salvador Recoder-Meléndez Aarón Barraza Celis JOSE LUIS CABRERA PONCE (2022, [Artículo])

"Potato microtuber (MT) development through in vitro techniques are ideal propagules for producing high quality potato plants. MT formation is influenced by several factors, i.e., photoperiod, sucrose, hormones, and osmotic stress. We have previously developed a protocol of MT induction in medium with sucrose (8% w/v), gelrite (6g/L), and 2iP as cytokinin under darkness. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis. Here we show that 1715 up- and 1624 down-regulated genes were involved in this biological process. Through the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses performed in the STRING database (v11.5), we found 299 genes tightly associated in 14 clusters. Two major clusters of up-regulated proteins fundamental for life growth and development were found: 29 ribosomal proteins (RPs) interacting with 6 PEBP family members and 117 cell cycle (CC) proteins. The PPI network of up-regulated transcription factors (TFs) revealed that at least six TFs–MYB43, TSF, bZIP27, bZIP43, HAT4 and WOX9–may be involved during MTs development. The PPI network of down-regulated genes revealed a cluster of 83 proteins involved in light and photosynthesis, 110 in response to hormone, 74 in hormone mediate signaling pathway and 22 related to aging."

transcriptome-wide analysis, microtubers, potato, Solanum tuberosum, darkness, cell cycle, ribosomal proteins, PEBP family genes, cytokinin BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS GENÉTICA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS