Géneros y afectos en la espacialidad universitaria: perspectivas para el diseño de campus futuros

Griselda Flesler Carolina Spataro RAFAEL BLANCO (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

Este trabajo analiza el impacto en el espacio universitario de las políticas de género implementadas en el ámbito de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA, Argentina) entre los años 2015 y 2020. Se trata de un estudio de caso realizado en el ámbito de la Ciudad Universitaria, campus en el que se emplazan las facultades de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN) y de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (FADU). El propósito de este artículo es problematizar la relación entre afecto y espacialidad a partir de los resultados de una encuesta que se propuso identificar cuáles son las emociones que suscitan algunos espacios cotidianos para quienes trabajan y estudian en el campus de la UBA, en particular, aquellos intervenidos con políticas de género durante los últimos años.

This paper analyzes the impact on spaciality of gender policies implemented at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA, Argentina) between 2015 and 2020. It is a case study carried out in the campus where the Faculties of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN) and Architecture, Design and Urbanism (FADU) are located. The purpose of this article is to problematize the relationship between affective perception and spatiality based on the results of a survey that aimed to identify the emotions that some daily spaces arouse for those who work and study on the UBA Campus, in particular, those intervened with gender policies in recent years.

Universidad, espacio, género, giro afectivo. University, space, gender, affective turn. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Gender mainstreaming. Community and college. Incorporación de la perspectiva de género. Universidades. Comunidad y universidad. LC191.98.A74 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA PEDAGOGÍA ORGANIZACIÓN Y PLANIFICACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN

Behavior of private retailers in a regulated input market: An empirical analysis of the fertilizer subsidy policy in Nepal

Shriniwas Gautam Dyutiman Choudhary Dil Bahadur Rahut (2022, [Artículo])

The private sector in Nepal participates in the regulated import and distribution of three types of subsidized fertilizer. However, almost 55% of the agrovets (family-owned microenterprises) that retail agricultural inputs do not comply. Many farmers rely on the fertilizer purchased through these agrovets, including subsidized ones. There is no private sector importer of the three types of fertilizer covered by the subsidy program, which indicates that the agrovets either acquire these through leakage in the government distribution system or through illegal cross-border trade from India, both of which are considered legal noncompliance. We discern the determinants for this noncompliant behavior of agrovets using logistic regression. The results from logistic regression suggest that the agrovets that are more likely to comply are registered, have membership in business associations, and have a higher number of competitors. Those with diversified business portfolios and covering a greater number of districts are less likely to comply. Key informants, consisting of both public and private sector stakeholders, were solicited for their views on solving this noncompliant behavior. The private sector unanimously asserts the need for deregulation of fertilizer imports and the participation of agrovets in the distribution of the subsidized fertilizer. In contrast, the public sector is skeptical of the ability and trustworthiness of the private sector in the import and distribution of quality fertilizer. We propose a middle ground to mitigate private sector noncompliance and suggest a policy revisit to increase the fertilizer supply and distribution efficiency.

Fertilizer Subsidy Policy Input Retailers CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FERTILIZERS POLICIES MARKET REGULATIONS

Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize

C.M. Parihar Hari Sankar Nayak Dipaka Ranjan Sena Renu Pandey Mahesh Gathala ML JAT (2023, [Artículo])

The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and 30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to enhance the system adaptability.

Net Returns Subsurface Drip Irrigation Subsurface Drip Fertigation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA EFFICIENCY GRAIN NITROGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSIOLOGY WATER SUPPLY CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FERTIGATION GROUNDWATER NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY WATER PRODUCTIVITY

Imaginarios urbanos en las áreas metropolitanas actuales: el caso de Texcoco de Mora, ubicado en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (ZMVM)

MANUEL LÓPEZ PLIEGO (2023, [Artículo])

Artículo número 2 de la sección Artículos de Investigación.

El presente artículo parte de la teoría de los imaginarios urbanos y su aplicación al caso particular de Texcoco de Mora. La teoría de los imaginarios nurbanos ayuda a visibilizar las formas diferenciadas de vivir y experimentar la ciudad por parte de diversos sectores de la ciudadanía, así como a reflexionar sobre la dimensión política que estos adquieren a nivel urbano, y que se manifiestan en conflictos concretos, tanto en casos coyunturales como en situaciones cotidianas. Desde esta perspectiva, el principal alcance de este artículo es desarrollar un marco teórico-metodológico para el análisis de los imaginarios urbanos, que enfatice el carácter diverso y conflictivo inherente a las ciudades actuales. Lo anterior se ejemplifica brevemente con un conflicto territorial concreto: la cancelación del Nuevo Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México (NAICM) y su sustitución por la construcción del Parque Ecológico de Texcoco.

The present article starts from the theory of urban imaginaries and its application to the particular case of Texcoco de Mora. The theory of urban imaginaries helps to make visible the different ways of living and experiencing the city on the part of different sectors of the city, as well as to reflect on the political dimension that these acquire at the urban level, and that are manifested in concrete conflicts, both in communal cases and in everyday situations. From this perspective, the main scope of this article is to develop a theoretical framework for the case of urban imaginaries, which emphasizes the diverse and conflictive nature inherent in today’s cities. This is briefly exemplified by a specific territorial conflict: the cancellation of what was going to be the New Mexico City International Airport (NAICM) and its replacement by the construction

of the Texcoco Ecological Park.

Imaginarios sociales, urbanismo, Texcoco de Mora. Social Imaginaries, urbanism. HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS ARQUITECTURA URBANISMO

Sistemas innovadores, jardinería y horticultura vertical en el IMTA

Jorge Flores Velazquez (2018, [Documento de trabajo])

El proyecto tuvo como propósito generar infraestructura para la promoción, difusión y transferencia de tecnologías verdes en zonas urbanas, partiendo de la instalación de un muro verde en el Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua.

Agricultura urbana Jardines verticales Muros verdes Tecnología apropiada INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Habitability conditions for floods: the case of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico

MARCELINO GARCIA BENITEZ Saul Nucamendi Hernandez Omar Ávila Flores (2022, [Artículo, Artículo])

At present, there are changes in the environment that favor the presence of extreme climatic phenomena such as floods, this exposure implies that the populations of urban areas suffer effects on their material assets, which limits their capacity for individual and / or family development. Given the lack of local territorial planning, the establishment of colonies was allowed on the banks of the Sabinal river and its tributaries that present episodes of flooding during the rainy season (Sistema Municipal de Protección Civil, 2015).

 

The study evaluates the habitability conditions of the urban population exposed to flooding, the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas is taken as a reference, since historically it is a recurring problem during the summer. The methodology interrelates geostatistical, spatial and cartographic databases with hemerographic information sources based on the review of the literature for the construction of the general index, determined in dimensions that group social, economic, educational aspects, availability of basic services, goods with those that count the dwellings and their accessibility, etc., on a geographical scale of Urban Geostatistical Areas (AGEB).

 

The results obtained generated an index on the distribution of habitability conditions by urban Ageb, they are interrelated with spatial data on floods and their relationship with Sustainable Development Goal 11 (ODS), which proposes to improve infrastructure conditions in cities and towns. sustainable communities so that the inequality originated among the population exposed to future extreme flood events that occur in the different areas that make up the city is reduced.

Habitability conditions floods Sustainable Development Goals urban Ageb city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas AGEB urbana ciudad de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas condiciones de habitabilidad inundaciones CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Pertinencia cultural del enfoque de graduación en mujeres en extrema pobreza en México 2019-2021

Benito Salvatierra Laura Itzel Ramírez Ramos Austreberta Nazar_Beutelspacher BARBARA CAROLINA LINARES BRAVO (2023, [Libro])

La presente obra expone los resultados de la evaluación de cinco indicadores de pertinencia cultural (expectativas, experiencias, estrategias, valores y decisiones) del proyecto “Empoderamiento de Mujeres y Jóvenes a través del Enfoque de Graduación en Inclusión Financiera en México”, instrumentado en Chiapas y Yucatán por la ONG internacional Trickle Up con el apoyo de cuatro organizaciones sociales locales. Este libro cobra relevancia en un contexto hasta este momento, caracterizado por 50 años de trayectoria de políticas públicas y programas sociales que no han logrado disminuir las desigualdades sociales y económicas que afectan principalmente a la población rural e indígena del país, por lo que pone en manos del lector un marco teórico conceptual, metodológico y de postulados sobre la importancia de la pertinencia cultural y la necesidad de integrarla a los proyectos y programas, ya sean de carácter público, social o privada, como una forma de garantizar su apropiación y continuidad por la población local. En ese sentido, el Enfoque de Graduación se presenta como una alternativa viable y factible para combatir la pobreza general y pobreza extrema, en la medida en que su diseño, como la instrumentación de cada uno de sus componentes (focalización, alfabetización financiera, acompañamiento, capacitación, transferencia de activos, protección social y apoyo al consumo) se realice tomando en cuenta las buenas prácticas, los aprendizajes y desde luego, considere reajustes que atiendan las barreras y recomendaciones derivadas de esta evaluación integral. Finalmente, podrán encontrar de forma detallada el proceso de construcción de variables e indicadores, la metodología (cuantitativa y cualitativa) utilizada por el equipo evaluador de ECOSUR, por lo que este libro puede ser una referencia metodológica y estadística para futuras evaluaciones de proyectos que buscan una incidencia socioeconómica en el bienestar de la población.

Organización Trickle Up Las Américas Organizaciones femeninas Pertinencia cultural Mujeres indígenas Programas de financiamiento Empoderamiento Pobreza Organizaciones no gubernamentales Indicadores económicos Yucatán (México) Chiapas (México) CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA CAMBIO Y DESARROLLO SOCIAL DESARROLLO SOCIO-ECONÓMICO DESARROLLO SOCIO-ECONÓMICO

Carbon sequestration potential, challenges, and strategies towards climate action in smallholder agricultural systems of South Asia

ML JAT Debashis Chakraborty Jagdish Ladha C.M. Parihar Ashim Datta Hari Sankar Nayak Dharamvir Singh Rana Bruno Gerard (2022, [Artículo])

Carbon Stock Global Warming Potential CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BALANCED FERTILIZATION CARBON SEQUESTRATION CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE GLOBAL WARMING

Plantas usadas para tratar la litiasis renal o cálculo renal en la región centro del estado de Yucatán, México

PEDRO ALEJANDRO VIL LALOBOS PERERA DANIELA ALEJANDRA MARTINEZ NATAREN MIGUEL ANGEL MUNGUIA ROSAS MARIA TERESA CASTILLO BURGUETE (2023, [Artículo])

En la actualidad, la medicina tradicional ofrece una alternativa terapéutica viable en pacientes principalmente del medio rural, donde está más arraigada y existen pocos recursos económicos e infraestructura para el tratamiento de enfermedades. En el estado de Yucatán la flora medicinal ha sido una opción importante para tratar la litiasis renal. Se presentan las principales plantas usadas como remedios para tratar la litiasis renal en la región centro de Yucatán, así como su proceso de preparación.

CONOCIMIENTO TRADICIONAL FLORA NATIVA HUERTOS FAMILIARES KRUGIODENDRON FERREUM MEDICOS TRADICIONALES RHAMNACEAE BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Alternative cropping and feeding options to enhance sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farms in Bangladesh

Timothy Joseph Krupnik Jeroen Groot (2024, [Artículo])

We investigated alternative cropping and feeding options for large (>10 cows), medium (5–10 cows) and small (≤4 cows) mixed crop – livestock farm types, to enhance economic and environmental performance in Jhenaidha and Meherpur districts – locations with increasing dairy production – in south western Bangladesh. Following focus group discussions with farmers on constraints and opportunities, we collected baseline data from one representative farm from each farm size class per district (six in total) to parameterize the whole-farm model FarmDESIGN. The six modelled farms were subjected to Pareto-based multi-objective (differential evolution algorithm) optimization to generate alternative dairy farm and fodder configurations. The objectives were to maximize farm profit, soil organic matter balance, and feed self-reliance, in addition to minimizing feed costs and soil nitrogen losses as indicators of sustainability. The cropped areas of the six baseline farms ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 ha and milk production per cow was between 1,640 and 3,560 kg year−1. Feed self-reliance was low (17%–57%) and soil N losses were high (74–342 kg ha−1 year−1). Subsequent trade-off analysis showed that increasing profit and soil organic matter balance was associated with higher risks of N losses. However, we found opportunities to improve economic and environmental performance simultaneously. Feed self-reliance could be increased by intensifying cropping and substituting fallow periods with appropriate fodder crops. For the farm type with the largest opportunity space and room to manoeuvre, we identified four strategies. Three strategies could be economically and environmentally benign, showing different opportunities for farm development with locally available resources.

Ruminant Feed Pareto-Based Optimization Farm Bioeconomic Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMINANT FEEDING BIOECONOMIC MODELS MIXED CROPPING FARMS LIVESTOCK