Effectiveness of R1-nj anthocyanin marker in the identification of in vivo induced maize haploid embryos

Manje Gowda Prasanna Boddupalli Kanwarpal Dhugga Vijay Chaikam (2023, [Artículo])

R1-nj Marker Embryo Rescue False Positives False Detection Rate False Negative Rate CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DOUBLED HAPLOIDS MAIZE BREEDING PROGRAMMES INBRED LINES CROPS

Field deployable Reverse Transcriptase–Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT-RPA) for detection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV)

Margaret Redinbaugh Suresh L.M. (2022, [Artículo])

Maize Lethal Necrosis Diagnostics Recombinase Polymerase Amplification CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE MAIZE CHLOROTIC MOTTLE VIRUS DISEASES DETECTION

Influence of novel coconut oil and beeswax edible coating and MAP on postharvest shelf life and quality attributes of lemon at low temperature

Mohammad Mainuddin Molla Ashfak Ahmed Sabuz Md Abdul Matin (2023, [Artículo])

Weight loss, turning of peel colour from green to yellow and microbial infections are the major postharvest problems of lemon. Lipid-based edible coatings and modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) are effective techniques in maintaining postharvest quality of fruits for long-term storage. With this view, an investigation was conducted for the preservation of green lemon using coconut oil and beeswax edible coating and MAP during storage at low temperature. Physiologically matured lemons were collected and washed with potable water; fruit surface water was removed and then coated with coconut oil-beeswax (90:10) or only coconut oil. After coating, lemons were packaged in MAP or kept in open crates and stored at 12±1 °C and 85±5% relative humidity (RH) for 8 weeks and a week interval, the sampling was conducted. The results revealed that coconut oil-beeswax coating had immense effect on retaining shiny green colour, reducing respiration, weight loss, shrivelling and preserving firmness and ascorbic acid of lemon throughout the storage. On the other hand, MAP mainly helped to retain moisture & firmness and reduce shrivelling. Uncoated lemons kept open lost the highest amount of ascorbic acid and retained only 13.7 mg/100 g that is significantly (p < 0.05) less than the lemons of all other treatments at 8th week of storage period. While lemons coated with coconut oil-beeswax and packaged in MAP was preserved the highest amount (24.2 mg/100 g) of ascorbic acid and there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) with the amount of ascorbic acid content of lemons coated with only coconut oil and packaged in MAP at the last week (8th week) of storage. Hue angle value was 93.4 in uncoated lemons packaged in MAP while it was 113.67 in coconut oil-beeswax coated lemon kept open and 112.64 in lemon coated with coconut oil-beeswax and packaged in MAP at 8th week of storage. Based on all sensory, physical and chemical parameters uncoated lemons kept open was acceptable up to 1 week, coconut oil-beeswax coated lemon kept open was 6 weeks and coconut oil-beeswax coated lemon packaged in MAP was 8 weeks with good quality and shiny green colour.

Edible Coating Sensory Quality Hue Angle Yellowing CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA EDIBLE FILMS RESPIRATION RATE LEMONS MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING COLD

Rainfall water quality at Atlixco, Puebla

Margarita Teutli Andrés Armando Sánchez Erendira Moreno Gutierrez (2021, [Artículo, Artículo])

This work reports the follow up of rainfall water quality at Atlixco, Puebla during the 2018 season. The main objective of this work was to evaluate how height and pollutants define the quality of water precipitated. Samples were collected at the roof of a house in Atlixco center, and others at the roof of a convent located at the San Miguel Hill, this represents a 44 m difference in height. Chemical composition was analyzed for 19 physicochemical parameters using gravimetric and spectrophotometric techniques. Obtained results were compared with drinking water standards finding that Pb and Cd contents are exceeded. Also, it was found a strong contribution of terrestrial sources since the marine rates are above unit, as well as excess concentrations whose values go from negative to positive. Finally, Pearson correlation was obtained finding that most of chemical parameters correlations are in disagreement for both sites, fact which confirms that ionic content is strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources.

rainfall ionic content marine rates excess concentrations Lluvia contenido iónico cociente marino concentración en exceso Estudios urbanos CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Influence of residue type and method of placement on dynamics of decomposition and nitrogen release in maize-wheat-mungbean cropping on permanent raised beds: a litterbag study

ML JAT Rajeev Gupta (2022, [Artículo])

Decomposition Rate Nitrogen Release Placement Effect CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP RESIDUES DEGRADATION NITROGEN PLACEMENT

Modeling the growth, yield and N dynamics of wheat for decoding the tillage and nitrogen nexus in 8-years long-term conservation agriculture based maize-wheat system

C.M. Parihar Dipaka Ranjan Sena Prakash Chand Ghasal Shankar Lal Jat Yashpal Singh Saharawat Mahesh Gathala Upendra Singh Hari Sankar Nayak (2024, [Artículo])

Context: Agricultural field experiments are costly and time-consuming, and their site-specific nature limits their ability to capture spatial and temporal variability. This hinders the transfer of crop management information across different locations, impeding effective agricultural decision-making. Further, accurate estimates of the benefits and risks of alternative crop and nutrient management options are crucial for effective decision-making in agriculture. Objective: The objective of this study was to utilize the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis CERES-Wheat model to simulate crop growth, yield, and nitrogen dynamics in a long-term conservation agriculture (CA) based wheat system. The study aimed to calibrate the model using data from a field experiment conducted during the 2019-20-2020-21 growing seasons and evaluation it with independent data from the year 2021–22. Method: Crop simulation models, such as the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis CERES-Wheat (DSSAT v 4.8), may provide valuable insights into crop growth and nitrogen dynamics, enabling decision makers to understand and manage production risk more effectively. Therefore, the present study employed the CERES-Wheat (DSSAT v 4.8) model and calibrated it using field data, including plant phenological phases, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and grain yield from the 2019-20-2020-21 growing seasons. An independent dataset from the year 2021–22 was used for model evaluation. The model was used to investigate the relationship between growing degree days (GDD), temperature, nitrate and ammonical concentration in soil, and nitrogen uptake by the crop. Additionally, the study explored the impact of contrasting tillage practices and fertilizer nitrogen management options on wheat yields. The experimental site is situated at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, representing Indian Trans-Gangetic Plains Zone (28o 40’N latitude, 77o 11’E longitude and an altitude of 228 m above sea level). The treatments consist of four nitrogen management options, viz., N0 (zero nitrogen), N150 (150 kg N ha−1 through urea), GS (Green seeker based urea application) and USG (urea super granules @150 kg N ha−1) in two contrasting tillage systems, i.e., CA-based zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT). Result: The outcomes exhibited favorable agreement between the model’s simulations and the observed data for crop phenology (With less than 2 days variation in 50% onset of flowering), grain and biomass yield (Root mean square error; RMSE 336 kg ha−1 and 649 kg ha−1, respectively), and leaf area index (LAI) (RMSE 0.28 & normalized RMSE; nRMSE 6.69%). The model effectively captured the nitrate-N (NO3−-N) dynamics in the soil profile, exhibiting a remarkable concordance with observed data, as evident from its low RMSE = 12.39 kg ha−1 and nRMSE = 13.69%. Moreover, as it successfully simulated the N balance in the production system, the nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization pattern as described by the model are highly useful to understand these critical phenomena under both conventional tillage (CT) and CA-based Zero Tillage (ZT) treatments. Conclusion: The study concludes that the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model has significant potential to assess the impacts of tillage and nitrogen management practices on crop growth, yield, and soil nitrogen dynamics in the western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) region. By providing reliable forecasts within the growing season, this modeling approach can facilitate better planning and more efficient resource management. Future implications: The successful implementation of the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model in this study highlights its applicability in assessing crop performance and soil dynamics. Future research should focus on expanding the model’s capabilities by reducing its sensitivity to initial soil nitrogen levels to refine its predictions further. Moreover, the model’s integration with decision support systems and real-time data can enhance its usefulness in aiding agricultural decision-making and supporting sustainable crop management practices.

Nitrogen Dynamics Mechanistic Crop Growth Models Crop Simulation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA NITROGEN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE WHEAT MAIZE CROP GROWTH RATE SIMULATION MODELS

The potential of UAV and very high-resolution satellite imagery for yellow and stem rust detection and phenotyping in Ethiopia

Gerald Blasch David Hodson Francelino Rodrigues (2023, [Artículo])

Very high (spatial and temporal) resolution satellite (VHRS) and high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery provides the opportunity to develop new crop disease detection methods at early growth stages with utility for early warning systems. The capability of multispectral UAV, SkySat and Pleiades imagery as a high throughput phenotyping (HTP) and rapid disease detection tool for wheat rusts is assessed. In a randomized trial with and without fungicide control, six bread wheat varieties with differing rust resistance were monitored using UAV and VHRS. In total, 18 spectral features served as predictors for stem and yellow rust disease progression and associated yield loss. Several spectral features demonstrated strong predictive power for the detection of combined wheat rust diseases and the estimation of varieties’ response to disease stress and grain yield. Visible spectral (VIS) bands (Green, Red) were more useful at booting, shifting to VIS–NIR (near-infrared) vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI, RVI) at heading. The top-performing spectral features for disease progression and grain yield were the Red band and UAV-derived RVI and NDVI. Our findings provide valuable insight into the upscaling capability of multispectral sensors for disease detection, demonstrating the possibility of upscaling disease detection from plot to regional scales at early growth stages.

Very High Resolution Imagery Disease Detection Methods Early Growth Stages CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES STEM RUST PHENOTYPING HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING WHEAT

Recent advances on research of native prawn Macrobrachium americanum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) with aquaculture and conservation purposes

Yuneisy Milagro Agüero Fernández MIRIAM VICTORIA MARTIN MANZO MARITZA LOURDES SOBERANES YEPIZ Marcelo Ulises García Guerrero Yuniel Méndez Martínez Luis Hector Hernandez Hernandez Laura S López Greco Edilmar Cortés Jacinto (2022, [Artículo])

"Where good management practices on aquaculture are mandatory. The economic and ecological importance of prawns of the Genus Macrobrachium cause an impact at a global level involving economic, academic and social aspects. Macrobrachium americanum appears as one of the genus species with high nutritional value and an economic demand in the national and international markets, as well as a vital income for fisherman and producers of this species. For researchers, it is a challenge to find solutions to culture and propose conservation measures for M. americanum with emphasis on development, nutrition and reproduction. Although there are scientific studies supporting the economic importance of this species, our knowledge about its cultivation, reproduction and conservation is limited. This paper summarizes the latest studies made in cooperation with M. americanum in research lead by the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mexico. After several years of continuous research, it is considered that those efforts have produced useful information for the sustainable exploitation, conservation and basic management practices of this species."

Freshwater ecosystem, growth rate, native prawn species, conservation, sustainable fishing BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Detección de eventos violentos en publicaciones de redes sociales

Detection of violent events in social media publications

Esteban Ponce León (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

En los últimos años, ha habido un interés creciente en el monitoreo de redes sociales para recopilar información y, en algunos casos, para examinar la ocurrencia de delitos. Sin embargo, gran parte de las investigaciones hasta ahora solo se han centrado en ciudades de EE. UU. o extranjeras, y por ende, en publicaciones y conjuntos de datos en inglés El objetivo principal de esta tesis es diseñar un método que permita la identificación de publicaciones de eventos violentos en español y en Twitter, utilizando información multimodal y técnicas de aumento de datos que mejoren el rendimiento de los modelos. Para esto, el trabajo de investigación se dividió en dos fases experimentales. La primera orientada a identificar publicaciones a partir de solo texto, explorando diferentes técnicas de aumento de datos para texto y modelos de aprendizaje máquina y profundo. En la segunda fase, se extendió el método propuesto para abordar la identificación en un contexto multimodal, es decir, considerando tanto los textos de los tweets como las imágenes compartidas que los acompañan. En este caso el método propuesto consideró utilizar descripciones textuales de las imágenes y abordar la problemática desde el dominio textual, además se hicieron 2 tipos de aumento de datos para cada tipo de información. La evaluación de los métodos se hizo utilizando las colecciones de la tarea de evaluación DA-VINCIS 2022 y 2023. Los resultados demostraron una mejora en el rendimiento de los modelos al considerar el uso de información multimodal y el uso de aumento de datos.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in monitoring social networks to gather information and, in some cases, to examine the occurrence of crime. However, much of the research so far has only focused on US or foreign cities, and thus on English-language publications and data sets. The main objective of this thesis is to design a method that allows the identification of publications of violent events in Spanish and on Twitter, using multimodal information and data augmentation techniques that improve the performance of the models. For this, the research work was divided into two experimental phases. The first aimed at identifying publications from only text, exploring different data augmentation techniques for text and machine and deep learning models. In the second phase, the proposed method was extended to address identification in a multimodal context, that is, considering both the texts of the tweets and the shared images that accompany them. In this case, the proposed method considered using textual descriptions of the images and addressing the problem from the textual domain, in addition, 2 types of data augmentation were made for each type of information. The evaluation of the methods was done using the collections of the DA-VINCIS 2022 and 2023 evaluation task. The results demonstrated an improvement in the performance of the models when considering the use of multimodal information and the use of data augmentation.

Detección de Violencia, Redes Sociales, Aumento de Datos, Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, BERT, BETO, Descripción de Imágenes Violence Detection, Social Networks, Data Augmentation, Natural Language Processing, BERT, BETO, Image Captioning INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ORDENADORES MODELOS CAUSALES MODELOS CAUSALES

The Pacific harbor seal gut microbiota in Mexico: Its relationship with diet and functional inferences

ARLETTE MARIMAR PACHECO SANDOVAL (2019, [Artículo])

Diet is a primary driver of the composition of gut microbiota and is considered one of the main routes of microbial colonization. Prey identification is fundamental for correlating the diet with the presence of particular microbial groups. The present study examined how diet influenced the composition and function of the gut microbiota of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) in order to better understand the role of prey consumption in shaping its microbiota. This species is a good indicator of the quality of the local environment due to both its foraging and haul-out site fidelity. DNA was extracted from 20 fecal samples collected from five harbor seal colonies located in Baja California, Mexico. The V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina technology. Results showed that the gut microbiota of the harbor seals was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes (37%), Bacteroidetes (26%) and Fusobacteria (26%) and revealed significant differences in its composition among the colonies. Funtional analysis using the PICRUSt software suggests a high number of pathways involved in the basal metabolism, such as those for carbohydrates (22%) and amino acids (20%), and those related to the degradation of persistent environmental pollutants. In addition, a DNA metabarcoding analysis of the same samples, via the amplification and sequencing of the mtRNA 16S and rRNA 18S genes, was used to identify the prey consumed by harbor seals revealing the consumption of prey with mainly demersal habits. Functional redundancy in the seal gut microbiota was observed, irrespective of diet or location. Our results indicate that the frequency of occurrence of specific prey in the harbor seal diet plays an important role in shaping the composition of the gut microbiota of harbor seals by influencing the relative abundance of specific groups of gut microorganisms. A significant relationship was found among diet, gut microbiota composition and OTUs assigned to a particular metabolic pathway. © 2019 Pacheco-Sandoval et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

RNA 16S, RNA 18S, amino acid analysis, animal food, Article, bacterium colony, Bacteroidetes, basal metabolic rate, biodegradation, controlled study, DNA barcoding, feces analysis, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, intestine flora, metabolism, Mexico, microb BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)