Landscape and micronutrient fertilizer effect on agro-fortified wheat and teff grain nutrient concentration in western Amhara

Tilahun Amede Elizabeth Bailey Abdul Wahab Mossa Dereje Tirfessa MESFIN KEBEDE DESTA Getachew Agegnehu Tesfaye Shiferaw Sida Stephan Haefele R. Murray Lark Martin Broadley Samuel Gameda (2023, [Artículo])

Agronomic biofortification, encompassing the use of mineral and organic nutrient resources which improve micronutrient concentrations in staple crops is a potential strategy to promote the production of and access to micronutrient-dense foods at the farm level. However, the heterogeneity of smallholder farming landscapes presents challenges on implementing agronomic biofortification. Here, we test the effects of zinc (Zn)- and selenium (Se)-containing fertilizer on micronutrient concentrations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) grown under different landscape positions and with different micronutrient fertilizer application methods in the western Amhara region of Ethiopia. Field experiments were established in three landscape positions at three sites, with five treatments falling into three broad categories: (1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate; (2) micronutrient fertilizer application method; (3) sole or co-application of Zn and Se fertilizer. Treatments were replicated across five farms per landscape position and over two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019). Grain Zn concentration ranged from 26.6 to 36.4 mg kg−1 in wheat and 28.5–31.2 mg kg−1 in teff. Grain Se concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.59 mg kg−1 in wheat while larger concentrations of between 1.01 and 1.55 mg kg−1 were attained in teff. Larger concentrations of Zn and Se were consistently attained when a foliar fertilizer was applied. Application of ⅓ nitrogen (N) yielded significantly larger grain Se concentration in wheat compared to a recommended N application rate. A moderate landscape effect on grain Zn concentration was observed in wheat but not in teff. In contrast, strong evidence of a landscape effect was observed for wheat and teff grain Se concentration. There was no evidence for any interaction of the treatment contrasts with landscape position except in teff, where an interaction effect between landscape position and Se application was observed. Our findings indicate an effect of Zn, Se, N, landscape position, and its interaction effect with Se on grain micronutrient concentrations. Agronomic biofortification of wheat and teff with micronutrient fertilizers is influenced by landscape position, the micronutrient fertilizer application method and N fertilizer management. The complexity of smallholder environmental settings and different farmer socio-economic opportunities calls for the optimization of nutritional agronomy landscape trials. Targeted application of micronutrient fertilizers across a landscape gradient is therefore required in ongoing agronomic biofortification interventions, in addition to the micronutrient fertilizer application method and the N fertilizer management strategy.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOFORTIFICATION LANDSCAPE SELENIUM ZINC WHEAT

Expansión poblacional reciente en la historia evolutiva de la anchoveta de California Engraulis mordax

Recent population expansion in the evolutionary history of the Californian anchovy Engraulis mordax

NOE DIAZ VILORIA LAURA SANCHEZ VELASCO RICARDO PEREZ ENRIQUEZ (2012, [Artículo])

"La anchoveta de California Engraulis mordax, es una especie templada que pudo haber pasado por un proceso de disyunción poblacional, debido al proceso postglacial de calentamiento del agua alrededor de la punta de la península de Baja California, hace unos 10,000 años. Se realizó un análisis genético para probar la hipótesis nula de homogeneidad genética entre el Golfo de California, México y el sur de California, EUA y si este era el caso, estimar el tiempo de surgimiento de haplotipos en términos de coalescencia. Se analizaron en total 80 secuencias de la región control hipervariable (ADNmt) de E. mordax, capturadas en la región central del Golfo de California (n = 40) y el sur de California (n = 40). A pesar del gran número de haplotipos únicos, no se observó diferenciación genética significativa entre localidades (FST = –0.0025, p = 0.686). Una distribución unimodal en la frecuencia del número de diferencias entre haplotipos indica un modelo de expansión rápida en el tamaño poblacional, que basado en una tasa mutacional de 3.6% por millón de años para la región control, indicó un tiempo de diferenciación nucleotídica relativamente reciente de aproximadamente 61,000 años. Este periodo de tiempo corresponde al Pleistoceno tardío, después de la formación de la península de Baja California, sugiriendo expansiones poblacionales en cada una de las localidades, seguidas del último episodio de glaciación, el cual quizás contribuyó a la migración de esta especie de afinidad templada entre las dos localidades y a su homogenización genética. Sin embargo este único evento reciente de flujo genético en la historia evolutiva de la especie, no explica por sí solo los patrones de distribución encontrados en las frecuencias de diferencias nucleotídicas."

"The Californian anchovy Engraulis mordax, a temperate species, may have undergone a process of population disjunction from experiencing post-glacial water heating processes around the tip of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico about 10,000 b.p. A genetic analysis was performed to test the null hypothesis of genetic homogeneity between the Gulf of California and Southern California, U. S. A., and if this is the case, to estimate the time of haplotype emergence in terms of coalescence. A total of 80 sequences of the mtDNA hypervariable control region of E. mordax captured in the central Gulf of California (n = 40) and Southern California (n = 40) were analyzed. In spite of the large number of private haplotypes, no significant genetic differentiation among sites (FST = –0.0025, p = 0.686) was observed. An unimodal distribution of mismatch frequency between haplotypes indicated a model of rapid expansion in population size that, based on a mutation rate of 3.6% per million years in the control region, indicates a relatively recent nucleotide differentiation

time of approximately 61,000 years. This time period corresponds to the late Pleistocene, suggesting population expansions at each locality, followed by the last episode of glaciation, which may have contributed to migration of this temperate-affinity species between two locations and the genetic homogenization. However this unique recent event of gene flow in the evolutionary history of species does not explain by itself the mismatch distribution patterns found."

ADN mitocondrial, expansión poblacional reciente, flujo genético, región control, reloj molecular. Control region, gene flow, mitochondrial DNA, molecular clock, recent population expansion. BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ZOOLOGÍA MARINA ZOOLOGÍA MARINA

Using Observed Residual Error Structure Yields the Best Estimates of Individual Growth Parameters

Marcelo Vidal Curiel Bernal EUGENIO ALBERTO ARAGON NORIEGA MIGUEL ANGEL CISNEROS MATA LAURA SANCHEZ VELASCO SYLVIA PATRICIA ADELHEID JIMENEZ ROSENBERG ALEJANDRO FRANCISCO PARES SIERRA (2021, [Artículo])

"Obtaining the best possible estimates of individual growth parameters is essential in studies of physiology, fisheries management, and conservation of natural resources since growth is a key component of population dynamics. In the present work, we use data of an endangered fish species to demonstrate the importance of selecting the right data error structure when fitting growth models in multimodel inference. The totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) is a fish species endemic to the Gulf of California increasingly studied in recent times due to a perceived threat of extinction. Previous works estimated individual growth using the von Bertalanffy model assuming a constant variance of length-at-age. Here, we reanalyze the same data under five different variance assumptions to fit the von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models. We found consistent significant differences between the constant and nonconstant error structure scenarios and provide an example of the consequences using the growth performance index _0 to show how using the wrong error structure can produce growth parameter values that can lead to biased conclusions. Based on these results, for totoaba and other related species, we recommend using the observed error structure to obtain the individual growth parameters."

multimodel inference, error structure, totoaba, growth performance BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) FISIOLOGÍA ANIMAL FISIOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Variabilidad climática en México: algunos impactos hidrológicos, sociales y económicos

IGNACIO SANCHEZ COHEN GABRIEL DIAZ PADILLA WALDO OJEDA BUSTAMANTE IGNACIO ORONA CASTILLO José Villanueva Díaz JOSE LUIS GONZALEZ BARRIOS Guillermo González Cervantes (2008, [Artículo])

El grado de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) está ligado al desarrollo socioeconómico de las naciones acorde con sus esquemas productivos. Bajo la tendencia actual, a corto plazo se espera un acelerado incremento de gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera. Para correlacionar el cambio del clima con distintos impactos terrestres, en este trabajo se parte de una descripción del balance de energía, enfatizando la importancia de la presencia de GEI en la atmósfera. Los resultados indican que la agricultura en México ha sufrido impactos negativos de este proceso, en términos de incertidumbre climática, y ha causado, junto con otros factores, la emigración del campo de miles de personas. Las consecuencias del cambio climático son cuantificadas en términos de anomalías de precipitación, disponibilidad de agua y disminución en la producción agrícola de acuerdo con modelos de simulación biológica de procesos bajo diferentes escenarios de producción de gases de efecto invernadero. Se concluye con una propuesta de mecanismos de acción y preguntas por responder mediante el desarrollo de investigación.

Zonas de riego Agricultura de temporal Cambio climático Impacto ambiental CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

The Pacific harbor seal gut microbiota in Mexico: Its relationship with diet and functional inferences

ARLETTE MARIMAR PACHECO SANDOVAL (2019, [Artículo])

Diet is a primary driver of the composition of gut microbiota and is considered one of the main routes of microbial colonization. Prey identification is fundamental for correlating the diet with the presence of particular microbial groups. The present study examined how diet influenced the composition and function of the gut microbiota of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) in order to better understand the role of prey consumption in shaping its microbiota. This species is a good indicator of the quality of the local environment due to both its foraging and haul-out site fidelity. DNA was extracted from 20 fecal samples collected from five harbor seal colonies located in Baja California, Mexico. The V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina technology. Results showed that the gut microbiota of the harbor seals was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes (37%), Bacteroidetes (26%) and Fusobacteria (26%) and revealed significant differences in its composition among the colonies. Funtional analysis using the PICRUSt software suggests a high number of pathways involved in the basal metabolism, such as those for carbohydrates (22%) and amino acids (20%), and those related to the degradation of persistent environmental pollutants. In addition, a DNA metabarcoding analysis of the same samples, via the amplification and sequencing of the mtRNA 16S and rRNA 18S genes, was used to identify the prey consumed by harbor seals revealing the consumption of prey with mainly demersal habits. Functional redundancy in the seal gut microbiota was observed, irrespective of diet or location. Our results indicate that the frequency of occurrence of specific prey in the harbor seal diet plays an important role in shaping the composition of the gut microbiota of harbor seals by influencing the relative abundance of specific groups of gut microorganisms. A significant relationship was found among diet, gut microbiota composition and OTUs assigned to a particular metabolic pathway. © 2019 Pacheco-Sandoval et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

RNA 16S, RNA 18S, amino acid analysis, animal food, Article, bacterium colony, Bacteroidetes, basal metabolic rate, biodegradation, controlled study, DNA barcoding, feces analysis, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, intestine flora, metabolism, Mexico, microb BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)

Alternativas viables para la provisión de servicios básicos en áreas periurbanas: lecciones desde Xochimilco, Ciudad de México

JOSE LUIS MARTINEZ RUIZ (2016, [Libro])

Tabla de contenido: Introducción -- 1. Agua potable, saneamiento y residuos sólidos en el contexto del crecimiento demográfico de la Ciudad de México -- 2. Xochimilco: la urbanización acelerada de un espacio rural -- 3. La importancia de la participación social -- 4. La participacion social en el proyecto Vivace -- 5. De los escenarios a la realidad: estudio de factibilidad sociotécnica del proyecto Vicace -- 6. conclusiones y recomendaciones.

Dentro del marco de coloboración internacional entre la Unión Europea y el Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, se desarrolló el proyecto de investigación denominado Vital and Viable Services for Natural Resources Management in Latin America (Vivace), con el objetivo de integrar varios factores que permitan encontrar soluciones viables a necesidades vitales en las áreas periurbanas. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en dos estudios comparativos: uno en la zona periurbana de Xochimilco, Ciudad de México y otro en la municipalidad de El Trigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. En ambos casos se presenta el control centralizado del sector agua, desde, al menos, la década de los años ocheta, en México y en los años noventa, para el caso de Argentina.

Introducción -- 1. Agua potable, saneamiento y residuos sólidos en el contexto del crecimiento demográfico de la Ciudad de México -- 2. Xochimilco: la urbanización acelerada de un espacio rural -- 3. La importancia de la participación social -- 4. La participacion social en el proyecto Vivace -- 5. De los escenarios a la realidad: estudio de factibilidad sociotécnica del proyecto Vicace -- 6. conclusiones y recomendaciones.

Abastecimiento de agua Saneamiento básico Participación comunitaria Zonas periurbanas Xochimilco, Ciudad de México CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Recent advances on research of native prawn Macrobrachium americanum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) with aquaculture and conservation purposes

Yuneisy Milagro Agüero Fernández MIRIAM VICTORIA MARTIN MANZO MARITZA LOURDES SOBERANES YEPIZ Marcelo Ulises García Guerrero Yuniel Méndez Martínez Luis Hector Hernandez Hernandez Laura S López Greco Edilmar Cortés Jacinto (2022, [Artículo])

"Where good management practices on aquaculture are mandatory. The economic and ecological importance of prawns of the Genus Macrobrachium cause an impact at a global level involving economic, academic and social aspects. Macrobrachium americanum appears as one of the genus species with high nutritional value and an economic demand in the national and international markets, as well as a vital income for fisherman and producers of this species. For researchers, it is a challenge to find solutions to culture and propose conservation measures for M. americanum with emphasis on development, nutrition and reproduction. Although there are scientific studies supporting the economic importance of this species, our knowledge about its cultivation, reproduction and conservation is limited. This paper summarizes the latest studies made in cooperation with M. americanum in research lead by the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Mexico. After several years of continuous research, it is considered that those efforts have produced useful information for the sustainable exploitation, conservation and basic management practices of this species."

Freshwater ecosystem, growth rate, native prawn species, conservation, sustainable fishing BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL

Molecular characterization of doubled haploid lines derived from different cycles of the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize population

Jode Edwards Sarah Hearne (2023, [Artículo])

Homozygous Lines CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENETIC DIVERSITY (AS RESOURCE) GENETIC RESOURCES ZEA MAYS GENOTYPING DOUBLED HAPLOIDS SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS

Influence of nostalgic behavior on the consumption patterns of adults: analysis of purchase intentions and social motivations

RAJAGOPAL RAJAGOPAL (2020, [Artículo])

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-0858

Nostalgia integrates bitter-sweet emotions experimented over stimuli that reconnect present time to past events. The past events retrieved by nostalgia are individuals’ autobiographic memories. Memories are retrieved in a gradual process. However, memories with highly emotional significance would be easily retrieved. Nostalgic memories commonly bring back events with social groups such as family, and friends. Once nostalgia is experienced, it would have effects on consumption behavior, increasing the probability of buying a nostalgic product. Although the process leading to nostalgia, and its effects, have been described by previous literature, the social impact of nostalgic behavior has not been analyzed. Understanding the effects of social interaction along the nostalgic process is necessary to comprehend its full effect on nostalgic behavior.

Mix-method research was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative research used two different gathering techniques: netnography and in-depth interviews. For quantitative research, an online survey research instrument was developed. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software to validate the hypotheses established for this research. Additionally, AMOS software was used to develop a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the items of the questionnaire, the constructs developed, and their interactions.

The main contribution of this research is the analysis of social connection on nostalgia formation and consumption. Nostalgic emotions are triggered by a stimulus that detonates one or several memories. Usually, memories retrieved involve social interaction that makes them highly emotionally valued by individuals. Memories retrieved mainly generate a positive nostalgic reaction. The nostalgic reaction generated begins a synchronization process between an individual’s self-image and social expectations. If congruence is achieved, an individual may act upon nostalgia by consuming products for his/herself or purchasing something for someone else to develop a stronger connection through nostalgia. This research identifies the role of social groups and context on nostalgia: helping nostalgic memory formation and retrieval, taking part in the synchronization process to allow consumption, and are experienced in purchasing products/brands for someone else.

Doctor en Ciencias Administrativas

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA PSICOLOGÍA PSICOLOGÍA SOCIAL COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CONSUMIDOR

Probando transductores de presión sumergibles para monitorear el nivel del agua en tanques

Serge Tamari ARIOSTO AGUILAR CHAVEZ (2010, [Artículo])

A menudo se desea monitorear el tirante en cuerpos de agua con una incertidumbre menor a ± 5 mm. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido probar dos modelos de transductores de presión sumergibles de “nueva generación”. Es decir, instrumentos que cuentan con un sensor de temperatura integrado y un datalogger que corrige automáticamente el efecto de la temperatura sobre la respuesta del sensor de presión. Los resultados experimentales y unas consideraciones teóricas sugieren que con estos transductores se puede monitorear durante semanas el tirante en tanques de agua potable, con una incertidumbre entre ± 5 y ± 7 mm [p = 0.95], mientras el tirante es menor a 5 m y la temperatura del agua permanece en un rango de ± 5 °C. En forma indirecta se muestra que no sería tan fácil monitorear el tirante en otros cuerpos de agua (lagos, ríos, canales, embalses de presas y mar), con una incertidumbre de ± 5 mm [p = 0.95].

Monitoreo automático en un tanque Sensor de presión Densidad del agua Efectos térmicos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA