Los jóvenes mexicanos y sus construcciones relacionadas con los roles de género

Mexican university students’ perceptions about gender roles

CLAUDIA ALEJANDRA HERNANDEZ HERRERA (2019, [Artículo])

El objetivo del artículo fue estudiar la percepción que tienen universitarios mexicanos acerca de los roles de género en el hogar y el mercado de trabajo. Lo anterior se realizó a través de la construcción de un cuestionario con escalas tipo Likert. Este es un estudio transversal con una muestra de 1408 estudiantes, donde se llevó a cabo el análisis factorial y modelos lineales generalizados. Se obtuvieron cuatro factores: 1) las mujeres y e ltrabajo doméstico, 2) los hombres y la familia, 3) el mercado de trabajo y 4) el cuidado y educación de los hijos. Se concluye que las instituciones de educación deberían comprometerse en la implementación de programas de sensibilización orientados hacia una educación sobre la igualdad de género, reforzando las estrategias en aquellos grupos vulnerables de jóvenes que provienen de estratos socioeconómicos poco favorecidos

The aim of this research was to study Mexican university students’ perceptions on gender roles at home and at the job market.This was carried out through a survey using a Likert type scale questionnaire. It is a transversal study with a sample of 1408 students, where the factor analysis and generalized linear models were conducted. Four factors were found: 1) women and housework, 2) men and family, 3) job market, and 4) offspring care and education. It is concluded that education institutionsshould commit to implement awareness programs oriented towards education on gender equality and to strengthen their strategies on vulnerable youth groups coming from disadvantaged socio-economic groups

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Roles de género Estudiantes Estereotipos Feminidad Masculinidades Gender roles Students Stereotyping Femininity Masculinities

Can I speak to the manager? The gender dynamics of decision-making in Kenyan maize plots

Rachel Voss Zachary Gitonga Jason Donovan Mariana Garcia-Medina Pauline Muindi (2023, [Artículo])

Gender and social inclusion efforts in agricultural development are focused on making uptake of agricultural technologies more equitable. Yet research looking at how gender relations influence technology uptake often assumes that men and women within a household make farm management decisions as individuals. Relatively little is understood about the dynamics of agricultural decision-making within dual-adult households where individuals’ management choices are likely influenced by others in the household. This study used vignettes to examine decision-making related to maize plot management in 698 dual-adult households in rural Kenya. The results indicated a high degree of joint management of maize plots (55%), although some management decisions—notably those related to purchased inputs—were slightly more likely to be controlled by men, while other decisions—including those related to hiring of labor and maize end uses—were more likely to be made by women. The prevalence of joint decision-making underscores the importance of ensuring that both men’s and women’s priorities and needs are reflected in design and marketing of interventions to support maize production, including those related to seed systems, farmer capacity building, and input delivery.

Intrahousehold Jointness CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER HOUSEHOLDS MAIZE SEED SYSTEMS DECISION MAKING

Women, economic resilience, gender norms in a time of climate change: what do we know?

Cathy Farnworth Anne Rietveld Rachel Voss Angela Meentzen (2023, [Artículo])

This literature delves into 82 research articles, published between 2016 and 2022, to develop a deep understanding of how women manage their lives and livelihoods within their agrifood systems when these systems are being affected, sometimes devastatingly, by climate change. The Findings show that four core gender norms affect the ability of women to achieve economic resilience in the face of climate change operate in agrifood production systems. Each of these gender norms speaks to male privilege: (i) Men are primary decision-makers, (ii) Men are breadwinners, (iii) Men control assets, and (iv) Men are food system actors. These gender norms are widely held and challenge women’s abilities to become economically resilient. These norms are made more powerful still because they fuse with each other and act on multiple levels, and they serve to support other norms which limit women’s scope to act. It is particularly noteworthy that many institutional actors, ranging from community decision-makers to development partners, tend to reinforce rather than challenge gender norms because they do not critically review their own assumptions.

However, the four gender norms cited are not hegemonic. First, there is limited and intriguing evidence that intersectional identities can influence women’s resilience in significant ways. Second, gender norms governing women’s roles and power in agrifood systems are changing in response to climate change and other forces, with implications for how women respond to future climate shocks. Third, paying attention to local realities is important – behaviours do not necessarily substantiate local norms. Fourth, women experience strong support from other women in savings groups, religious organisations, reciprocal labour, and others. Fifth, critical moments, such as climate disasters, offer potentially pivotal moments of change which could permit women unusually high levels of agency to overcome restrictive gender norms without being negatively sanctioned. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

Economic Resilience Intersectional Identities Women Groups Support CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ECONOMICS RESILIENCE CLIMATE CHANGE GENDER NORMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS WOMEN

Innovative approaches to integrating gender into conventional maize breeding: lessons from the Seed Production Technology for Africa project

Rachel Voss Jill Cairns Michael Olsen Esnath Tatenda Hamadziripi (2023, [Artículo])

The integration of gender concerns in crop breeding programs aims to improve the suitability and appeal of new varieties to both women and men, in response to concerns about unequal adoption of improved seed. However, few conventional breeding programs have sought to center social inclusion concerns. This community case study documents efforts to integrate gender into the maize-focused Seed Production Technology for Africa (SPTA) project using innovation history analysis drawing on project documents and the authors’ experiences. These efforts included deliberate exploration of potential gendered impacts of project technologies and innovations in the project’s approach to variety evaluation, culminating in the use of decentralized on-farm trials using the tricot approach. Through this case study, we illustrate the power of active and respectful collaborations between breeders and social scientists, spurred by donor mandates to address gender and social inclusion. Gender integration in this case was further facilitated by open-minded project leaders and allocation of funding for gender research. SPTA proved to be fertile ground for experimentation and interdisciplinary collaboration around gender and maize breeding, and has provided proof of concept for larger breeding projects seeking to integrate gender considerations.

Crop Breeding On-Farm Trials Tricot CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER CROPS BREEDING ON-FARM RESEARCH SOCIAL INCLUSION CITIZEN SCIENCE MAIZE

Agricultural value chains in Sudan: an annotated bibliography

Hugo De Groote Paswel Marenya (2023, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAINS CASH CROPS FOOD CROPS LIVESTOCK SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS GENDER SOCIAL INCLUSION POSTHARVEST LOSSES BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Gender analysis of household seed security : A case of maize and wheat seed systems in Nepal

Hom Nath Gartaula (2022, [Libro])

Seed Security Mountains CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED SYSTEMS MAIZE WHEAT ROLE OF WOMEN WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION

De Novo assembly and annotation of the Pacific calico scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) transcriptome for immune-related gene discovery

RUTH ESCAMILLA MONTES GENARO DIARTE PLATA GABRIELA BERENICE MENDOZA MALDONADO Aarón Barraza Celis Carlos Eliud Angulo Valadez Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar Jesús Arturo Fierro Coronado ANTONIO LUNA GONZALEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"Invertebrates' immune defense mechanisms play a critical role in pathogen recognition and elimination. De novo assembly and annotation of the Argopecten ventricosus transcriptome were performed for the immune-related gene identification. Scallops (height: 4.4 cm) were challenged with inactivated Vibrio parahaemolyticus IPNGS16. The RNA from different tissues was pooled for a single cDNA library construction sequenced by NextSeq 500 platform 2×75 paired‐end chemistry. Before de novo assembling with Trinity, reads were analyzed with FastQC, Trimmomatic, and Prinseq. Assembled sequences were analyzed by CD-HIT-EST and TransDecoder. The corresponding annotation was performed against NCBI-nr, RefSeq protein, and KAAS (KEGG) databases. The Trinity assembly yielded 107,516 contigs. TransDecoder yielded 25,285 sequences as CDSs of which, 16,123 were annotated against the NCBI-nr protein, most of them scored with Crassostrea gigas data. Gene ontology mapped sequences (15,262) were classified in molecular functions (~13,000), cellular components (~11,000), and biological processes (~13,000). The KAAS analysis showed biological categories for metabolism (13%), cellular processes (12%), genetic information processing (10%), organismal systems (19%), environmental information (13%), and human diseases (33 %). Within the organismal systems, 467 immune-related genes (KO) were identified. Sixty-four immune-related genes were annotated/blasted against the NCBI-nr and RefSeq protein databases. An RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the expression level of immune-related genes obtained in the transcriptome analysis in scallops (height 4.5 cm) treated with probiotic bacilli added to culture water. Bacilli significantly increased the expression of the HSP70 and PGRP genes. The gene transcripts analysis of A. ventricosus will better understand its immune response against pathogens in culture systems."

Argopecten ventricosus, calico scallop, transcriptome, bivalve, immune genes BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNOLOGÍA

Emprendimiento innovador: el caso de los empresarios de software en Yucatán

ANEL FLORES NOVELO ANA LAURA BOJORQUEZ CARRILLO (2018, [Artículo])

La mayor parte de los estudios de innovación y emprendimiento se han desarrollado en países desarrollados, por lo que es relevante el estudio de las características del emprendimiento innovador contextualizados en países latinoamericanos. Es así que este trabajo aporta conocimientos tendientes a entender mejor el fenómeno emprendimiento mediante el análisis de la actividad emprendedora innovadora desarrollada en el sureste de México. Específicamente se estudia a los empresarios desarrolladores de software ubicados en el estado de Yucatán. Este trabajo aporta conocimiento sobre los factores que propician el desarrollo de innovaciones en empresas tecnológicas ubicadas en contextos de economía tradicional y el impacto de estas innovaciones en el desempeño empresarial. Se analiza los factores que propician el desarrollo de estas innovaciones como son los antecedentes familiares, la formación profesional. Asimismo se destaca la importancia de los emprendimientos proactivos y el papel de este tipo de motivación para lograr que negocios innovadores de corte tecnológico como el software generen buenos resultados en un ecosistema emprendedor poco favorable, como el de Yucatán. Finalmente aporta evidencia empírica de la relación entre el desarrollo de innovaciones y el desempeño empresarial.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Emprendimiento Innovación Software Desempeño

Nanovacunas que valen oro

Carlos Eliud Angulo Valadez LUIS HERNANDEZ ADAME Ana Aguilera-Juarez (2022, [Artículo])

nanopartículas de oro BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA INMUNOLOGÍA VACUNAS VACUNAS

Chronic toxicity of shrimp feed added with silver nanoparticles (Argovit-4®) in Litopenaeus vannamei and immune response to white spot syndrome virus infection

Carlos Rosendo Romo Quiñonez Píndaro Álvarez Ruiz CLAUDIO HUMBERTO MEJIA RUIZ NINA BOGDANCHIKOVA Alexey Pestryakov CARINA GAMEZ JIMENEZ WENCESLAO VALENZUELA QUIÑONEZ Magnolia Montoya Mejía EUSEBIO NAVA PEREZ (2022, [Artículo])

"In recent years, the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial compounds has been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. In this work, we investigated the effects of AgNPs (Argovit-4 R ) as feed additives (feed-AgNPs) on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using three different methods: 1) chronic toxicity after 28 days of feeding, 2) Effects against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenged by oral route, and 3) transcriptional responses of immune-related genes (PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, Crustin, PEN3, and PEN4) following WSSV infection. The results showed that the feed-AgNPs did not interfere with the growth and survival of shrimp. Also, mild lesions in the hepatopancreas were recorded, proportional to the frequency of the feed-AgNP supply. Challenge test versus WSSV showed that feeding every 7 days with feed-AgNPs reduced mortality, reaching a survival rate of 53%, compared to the survival rates observed in groups fed every 4 days, daily and control groups of feed-AgNPs for the 30%, 10%, and 7% groups, respectively. Feed-AgNPs negatively regulated the expression of PAP, ProPO, and Crustin genes after 28 days of treatment and altered the transcriptional responses of PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, and Crustin after WSSV exposure. The results showed that weekly feeding-AgNPs could partially prevent WSSV infection in shrimp culture. However, whether or not transcriptional responses against pathogens are advantageous remains to be elucidated."

Silver nanoparticles, Shrimp, Aquaculture, Chronic toxicity, WSSV, AgNP, Argovit, Litopenaeus vannamei , Silver fed, White spot syndrome virus BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNIZACIÓN INMUNIZACIÓN