Manejo de pasturas para la crianza de llamas

Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Ravi Gopal Singh (2022, [Libro])

Pasturas CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURA DE CONSERVACIÓN GANADERÍA ARBUSTOS LEGUMINOSAS FORRAJES PASTOREO SUELO CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SHRUBS LEGUMES FORAGE GRAZING SOIL CLIMATE CHANGE LLAMAS AGACHO

La cuenca del río Conchos: una mirada desde las ciencias ante el cambio climático

Martín José Montero Martínez OSCAR FIDENCIO IBAÑEZ HERNANDEZ (2017, [Libro])

Por muchos años, la cuenca del río Conchos ha sido objeto de diversos estudios. En parte, por la importancia que tiene para la economía del estado de Chihuahua, además del volumen de agua que se comparte internacionalmente dentro del Tratado de Aguas Internacionales de 1944 entre México y Estados Unidos de América. La cantidad de agua del río Conchos que llega al río Bravo se mide en su confluencia y, de acuerdo con el tratado mencionado, beneficia en una tercera parte al estado de Texas y dos terceras partes al resto de los estados aguas abajo del lado mexicano, particularmente al estado de Tamaulipas. La presente obra se enfoca hacia la detección de cambio climático. Se intenta analizar si ya existen algunas pruebas o indicios a escala regional del calentamiento global observado, de aproximadamente 1 °C, con respecto a la época preindustrial. A partir de ahí, se estudian los posibles impactos en los sectores ambiental y social que podrían ser consecuencia de cambios en el clima, no necesariamente atribuidos a causas antrópicas.

Cuencas Cambio climático Río Conchos CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Nueva normalidad y violencia en la Sierra de Guerrero.

JOHN KENNY ACUÑA VILLAVICENCIO GABINO SOLANO RAMIREZ (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

Los recientes sucesos ocurridos en la Sierra de Guerrero, México, como el conflicto interno entre los cárteles de la droga, el desplazamiento forzado interno, la desaparición individual y colectiva de personas, así como el despojo territorial y la tala de árboles responden a un nuevo orden en cuyo eje se encuentra la invisibilización de luchas y resistencias campesinas que apelan por un mundo de paz social. Este proceso el cual ¿consiste en existir, en ser-ahí y, al mismo tiempo, en no ser visto/percibido u oído/escuchado¿ ha logrado alterar el tejido social de las comunidades y reproducir economías de enclave controladas por la industria de la droga (Bourdin, 2017, p. 17).

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES

“We place our hope in the land”: defense of the territory against mining in Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla

Veronica Vazquez_Garcia Esteban Martínez Vásquez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Mexico occupies first place in mining exploration in Latin America, a situation that has caused alarm among native peoples because the implementation of extractive projects threatens their vital space. The objective of this paper is to analyze the actions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the Ixtaca Project in Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla, as well as the strategies of territorial defense undertaken by the communities to stop its expansion. Data was gathered through one survey, one workshop and various interviews conducted in three communities affected by the project. Results discuss three actions of CSR: 1) job offers; 2) investment in community infrastructure; 3) support for social events. Three main defense strategies were identified: 1) collective agreements refusing to sell water to the company; 2) legal litigations in favor of the right to be consulted as native peoples; 3) the strengthening of peasant agriculture thanks to the defense of the ejido, the conservation of irrigation water and the support received from the federal program Sembrando Vida. The paper concludes that, despite the negative impacts of RCS actions, these strategies have proven effective because mining concessions have been cancelled and some families have returned to agriculture.  

native peoples peasantry mining OIT Convention socioenvironmental conflict pueblos originarios campesinado minería Convenio OIT conflicto socioambiental CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Analysis of adoption of conservation agriculture practices in southern Africa: mixed-methods approach

Adane Tufa Hambulo Ngoma Paswel Marenya Christian Thierfelder (2023, [Artículo])

In southern Africa, conservation agriculture (CA) has been promoted to address low agricultural productivity, food insecurity, and land degradation. However, despite significant experimental evidence on the agronomic and economic benefits of CA and large scale investments by the donor community and national governments, adoption rates among smallholders remain below expectation. The main objective of this research project was thus to investigate why previous efforts and investments to scale CA technologies and practices in southern Africa have not led to widespread adoption. The paper applies a multivariate probit model and other methods to survey data from 4,373 households and 278 focus groups to identify the drivers and barriers of CA adoption in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The results show that declining soil fertility is a major constraint to maize production in Zambia and Malawi, and drought/heat is more pronounced in Zimbabwe. We also find gaps between (a) awareness and adoption, (b) training and adoption, and (c) demonstration and adoption rates of CA practices in all three countries. The gaps are much bigger between awareness and adoption and much smaller between hosting demonstration and adoption, suggesting that much of the awareness of CA practices has not translated to greater adoption. Training and demonstrations are better conduits to enhance adoption than mere awareness creation. Therefore, demonstrating the applications and benefits of CA practices is critical for promoting CA practices in all countries. Besides, greater adoption of CA practices requires enhancing farmers’ access to inputs, addressing drudgery associated with CA implementation, enhancing farmers’ technical know-how, and enacting and enforcing community bylaws regarding livestock grazing and wildfires. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for policy and investments in CA promotion.

Adoption Focus Group Discussion CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CLIMATE CHANGE

Challenging the climate change effects on agriculture: need business unusual

ML JAT (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE FOOD SYSTEMS CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATION

Pathways from information to the adoption of conservation agriculture practices in Malawi and Tanzania

Paswel Marenya Dil Bahadur Rahut (2023, [Artículo])

To reduce agriculture's carbon, land and water footprint, the diffusion of conservation farming methods is one commonly cited proposition. Yet the process of translating available information on new conservation farming methods into farmers' practices is often a black box in many studies. This understanding is critical to inform strategies for scaling these complex, knowledge-intensive, but necessary practices for improving agriculture's resource and climate balance sheet. By implementing a series of mediation analysis using data from 700 households in Malawi and 930 households in Tanzania, this study examines how an improved understanding of conservation agriculture (CA) principles is an important mediator in the pathway from extension contact to the adoption of two of the CA practices examined. For the adoption of conservation tillage, the share of the mediated treatment effect was in the 31.5–34.4% range, while it was 31.6–46.9% for the adoption of soil cover (mulching). Our results suggest that unless learning from external sources strongly correlates with improved farmers' technical understanding of new farming practices, private learning by doing must be a critical adjunct to other avenues of learning. Beyond the basic promotional goals, improving farmers' technical know-how needs to be the centerpiece of holistic efforts in support of conservation farming and similar knowledge-intensive practices necessary for agriculture's sustinability goals.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SMALLHOLDERS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FIELD EXPERIMENTATION

Análisis de expresión genética por PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) en embriones de pez cebra (organismo blanco) para identificar efectos tóxicos por compuestos orgánicos emergentes y detección de enterobacterias: un enfoque potencial para evaluar el efecto de contaminantes en tiempos menores de las metodologías convencionales

ANA MARIA SANDOVAL VILLASANA Jesús Hernández-Romano MARIA GUADALUPE MEDRANO BACA FABRICIO RACIEL CERVANTES DACASA (2011, [Documento de trabajo])

En el estudio se llevó a cabo la implementación de la metodología de PCR en tiempo real, así como la del procesamiento de muestras para evaluar cambios en la expresión genética. Para el objeto del estudio, se seleccionaron nueve genes (cyp1a, fzr1, ahr2, hmox, hsp7 0, mafg1, nfe212, vtg1 y mt2) cuya expresión se inducía frente a diferentes contaminantes ambientales, a partir de la información de reportes en los que se evaluaba a nivel genómico la expresión de más de 20,000 genes del pez cebra. Se realizó la validación de la metodología para evaluar la expresión relativa de genes, utilizando los embriones del pez cebra y empleando tres sustancias químicas consideradas como compuestos emergentes (el herbicida atrazina y las hormonas estradiol y 17 α-etinilestradiol) a diferentes tiempos de exposición y diferentes concentraciones (ng L-1) de cada uno de ellos.

Contaminantes emergentes Contaminación del agua Impactos en la salud Compuestos disruptores endocrinos Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa Informes de proyectos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Modelo de conductividad hidráulica dual para el movimiento del agua en suelos macroporosos

Dual permeability model to water flow in macroporous soils

MANUEL ZAVALA TREJO HEBER ELEAZAR SAUCEDO ROJAS CARLOS FRANCISCO BAUTISTA CAPETILLO (2012, [Artículo])

La alta presencia de macroporos en el suelo origina el desa¬rrollo de flujos preferenciales que alteran significativamente las condiciones hidráulicas en el medio. El estudio detalla¬do del flujo del agua para estas condiciones se aborda con la teoría de conductividad dual, que representa al suelo me¬diante dos sistemas porosos interconectados de propiedades hidráulicas contrastantes, uno representa los macroporos del suelo y el otro su matriz porosa.

Características del suelo Porosidad Conductividad hidráulica INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Panorama de la desaparición de personas en Guerrero, 2015-2021.

GABINO SOLANO RAMIREZ (2023, [Artículo])

This work offers a general overview of the disappearance of persons in Guerrero during the period 2015- 2021 seen from the reports published in the local press, and some national media. The objective is to make visible this serious social problem, considered a crime against humanity and of the greatest concern for families and citizens who perceive the feeling of impunity and insecurity. The study follows up on basic indicators of the victims of disappearance, such as the modality (kidnapping, uprising, confrontation, and home invasion), general characteristics of the victims, alleged perpetrators, places and circumstances of the event. Considering the phenomenon as a public issue, the work aims to raise awareness among the population and institutional structures to motivate the generation of strategies to help prevent these disappearances.

Forced Disappearance of Persons Criminal Violence Guerrero pi.evi-UAGro newspaper library CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES