In-service weld repair by direct deposition: numerical simulation and experimental validation

LUIS DANTE MELENDEZ MORALES Jose Jorge Ruiz Mondragon MARICRUZ HERNANDEZ HERNANDEZ (2023, [Artículo])

In-Service Welding is a technological process for which interconnection and repair of pipelines can be made while they are in operation, before making it two main risks need to be assessed: hydrogen cracking and burn-through. Current simulations and validations assess these risks independently, but due to its interdependence these risks need to be assessed in conjunction. A repair method not normally used, but with high potential due to its simplicity and versatility is the direct deposition of weld. In the present research, a fluid-thermo-mechanical coupled simulation and validation were done of an in-service welding repair by direct deposition on a flowing pressurized pipe having an internal defect. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of using this repair method to restore the mechanical strength of pipelines. Surface, sub-surface, and volumetric non-destructive examinations evidenced no cracking immediately to finish the repair and delayed. Temperature tendency curves showed good approximations having a maximum difference of 5.09 % between numerical and experimental. Perimeter deformation along the pipe length between numerical and experimental results displayed a similar behaviour with a significant difference in the numerical values attributed to the lack of input data for weld properties. The structural analysis performed in this study used the approach of the risk of burn-through under internal pressure determined by the occurrence of localized radial bulging. Numerical results indicated no relevant plastic strain occurs. Is strongly recommended that thermal analysis assessments using the actual defect morphology would be performed, not only considering the remaining thickness of the pipe.

Declaration of Competing Interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge to Petropipe de Mexico for technical support, materials and equipment needed for the experimental validation. The first author wants also to acknowledge to CONAHCYT (Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías), for the post-graduate scholarship received.

In-service welding Burn-through Hydrogen cracking Weld repair INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Research for development approaches in mixed crop-livestock systems of the Ethiopian highlands

Million Gebreyes James Hammond Lulseged Tamene Getachew Agegnehu Rabe Yahaya Anthony Whitbread (2023, [Artículo])

This study presents processes and success stories that emerged from Africa RISING's Research for Development project in the Ethiopian Highlands. The project has tested a combination of participatory tools at multiple levels, with systems thinking and concern for sustainable and diversified livelihoods. Bottom-up approaches guided the selection of technological interventions that could address the priority farming system challenges of the communities, leading to higher uptake levels and increased impact. Joint learning, appropriate technology selection, and the creation of an enabling environment such as the formation of farmer research groups, the establishment of innovation platforms, and capacity development for institutional and technical innovations were key to this study. The study concludes by identifying key lessons that focus more on matching innovations to community needs and geographies, systems orientation/integration of innovations, stepwise approaches to enhance the adoption of innovations, documenting farmers' capacity to modify innovations, building successful partnerships, and facilitating wider scaling of innovations for future implementation of agricultural research for development projects.

Action Research Systems Thinking CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS SCALING UP INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

Leveraging the self-heating effect of ntc thermistor to detect its minimum coverage by a dispensed paste in the mass production process of temperature sensors

Saúl Alejandro Rodríguez Jiménez LEONOR ADRIANA CARDENAS ROBLEDO (2023, [Artículo])

This paper develops a device capable of confirming the minimum coverage area on a thermistor by a thermal paste dispensed and cured in the manufacturing process of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) temperature sensors to provide the required fixation in the presence of mechanical shock conditions. Such a device leverages the thermistor’s self-heating effect and the thermal conductivity of the paste to read the voltage drop from the sensor, which translates into paste coverage area. The methodology follows a synthesized procedure to develop equipment and processes, considering an early phase for concept confirmation to demonstrate the feasibility of the device development. In a later phase, the optimal parameters are calculated and set to the device for delivering the corresponding classification of the sensors during the test. Once launched in production, the device demonstrates high effectiveness in screening out the sensors with rejectable paste coverage area on the thermistor.

Self-heating effect Thermistor Paste Temperature sensor Heat dissipation INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Physiological and molecular aspects of seed longevity: exploring intra-species variation in eight Pisum sativum L. accessions

Maraeva Gianella Daniele Dondi Andreas Börner Anca Macovei Andrea Pagano Filippo Guzzon Alma Balestrazzi (2022, [Artículo])

Thermogravimetry CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CARBOHYDRATES PROLINE TOCOPHEROLS GENETICS PHYSIOLOGY PEAS SEEDS SUGARS DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY SEED LONGEVITY THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS

Multispectral-derived genotypic similarities from budget cameras allow grain yield prediction and genomic selection augmentation in single and multi-environment scenarios in spring wheat

Jose Crossa Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez Morten Lillemo (2024, [Artículo])

Multispectral Imaging Grain Yield Genomic Prediction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GRAIN YIELDS HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING SPRING WHEAT

Identification and validation of stable quantitative trait loci for yield component traits in wheat

Yong Zhang Zhonghu He xianchun xia Yan Zhang Shuanghe Cao (2023, [Artículo])

Grain Number Per Spike KASP Markers QTL Mapping Thousand Grain Weight CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI MAPPING TRITICUM AESTIVUM GRAIN YIELD COMPONENTS MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION

Development of a thermoelectric test for electrical contactors

PABLO OROZCO CORRAL FRANCISCO JAVIER IBARRA VILLEGAS NOE VILLA VILLASEÑOR (2023, [Artículo])

In the economic model in which we develop, there is a dependence on the means of transport that every day is increasing and due to the importance of electrification in the issue of efficient and clean transportation, has caused the need for companies supplying components for automotive manufacturers to evolve and develop new technologies to stay ahead of the needs of their customers being in full evolution towards electrified transport. This evolution extends not only to manufacturing but to the test methods that currently exist, since automotive standards require suppliers to test in laboratory, the components they sell to their customers to ensure their correct operation.

Electrical contactors Powered thermal cycle endurance Busbars Electrification industry INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Performances of three-way cross hybrids over their respective single crosses and related heterosis of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids evaluated in Ethiopia

Dagne Wegary Gissa Amsal Tarekegne (2023, [Artículo])

Three-Way Crosses Single-Crosses Better and Mid-Parent Heterosis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROSS-BREEDING HYBRIDS HETEROSIS MAIZE

Biodiversity conservation in an anthropized landscape: Trees, not patch size drive, bird community composition in a low-input agroecosystem

ERIC MELLINK BIJTEL (2017, [Artículo])

One of the most typical agro-ecosystems in the Llanos de Ojuelos, a semi-arid region of central Mexico, is that of fruit-production orchards of nopales (prickly pear cacti). This perennial habitat with complex vertical structure provides refuge and food for at least 112 species of birds throughout the year. Nopal orchards vary in their internal structure, size and shrub/ tree composition, yet these factors have unknown effects on the animals that use them. To further understand the conservation potential of this agro-ecosystem, we evaluated the effects of patch-size and the presence of trees on bird community composition, as well as several habitat variables, through an information-theoretical modelling approach. Community composition was obtained through a year of census transects in 12 orchards. The presence of trees in the orchards was the major driver of bird communities followed by seasonality; bird communities are independent of patch size, except for small orchard patches that benefit black-chin sparrows, which are considered a sensitive species. At least 55 species of six trophic guilds (insectivores, granivores, carnivores, nectivores, omnivores, and frugivores) used the orchards. Orchards provide adequate habitat and food resources for several sensitive species of resident and migratory sparrows. The attributes that make orchards important for birds: trees, shrubs, herb seeds, and open patches can be managed to maintain native biodiversity in highly anthropized regions with an urgent need to find convergence between production and biological conservation. © 2017 Mellink et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

agroecosystem, carnivore, chin, conservation biology, driver, frugivore, granivore, habitat, human, insectivore, landscape, nonhuman, omnivore, orchard, resident, seasonal variation, shrub, sparrow, theoretical model, agriculture, animal, biodiversit CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Interaction between plants growing together from germination to 2 years: A test of competition and phylogenetic closeness for Northeastern Mexico

Interacción entre plantas coexistiendo desde la germinación hasta los 2 años: un experimento de competencia y cercanía filogenética en el noreste de México

ENRIQUE JURADO YBARRA Joel David Flores Rivas Jonathan Marroquín MARISELA PANDO MORENO DAVID ALBERTO RODRIGUEZ TRAPERO Humberto González Rodríguez José Alejandro Selvera Mancha Juan Ángel López Carmona (2022, [Artículo])

"Competition and facilitation are important factors affecting seedling survival. These factors probably affect plant distribution and abundance. Interactions between species relate to phylogeny, in that closely related species are likely to compete more for resources and facilitation is expected between more distantly related species. We tested for Tamaulipan thornscrub plants, grown with close and distant relatives if they differed in survival, length and weight of shoots and roots, assuming that closely related species would compete more than distant ones. We also explored whether seed mass was associated with plant size from 1-24 months after germination. We grew plants from Tamaulipan thornscrub, with a sibling or with one individual from other species from 1-24 months. Seedling survival was similar for all species when their seedlings grew alone or under competition, at 1, 6 and 12 months. At 24 months seedling survival of Vachellia farnesiana was lower when grown with Havardia pallens. There was no evidence of stronger competition or facilitation for phylogenetically closer species. Seedling size correlated with seed mass one month after germination but not after 6 months. Maximum and mean adult plant height did not correlate with seed mass or with plant height in our trials. We found no evidence of phylogeny explaining nearest neighbors in competition during germination for Tamaulipan thornscrub."

"La competencia y la facilitación son factores importantes que afectan la supervivencia de las plántulas y probablemente afectan la distribución y abundancia de las plantas. Las interacciones entre especies se relacionan con la filogenia, es probable que las especies estrechamente relacionadas compitan más por recursos y que en las menos emparentadas ocurra facilitación. Se investigó si plantas de matorral tamaulipeco creciendo junto a parientes cercanos y lejanos diferían en supervivencia, longitud y peso de tallos y raíces, asumiendo que las especies estrechamente relacionadas competirían más que las lejanas. También se exploró si el peso de semillas se asoció con el tamaño de la planta entre 1 y 24 meses de edad. Se pusieron a crecer plantas de matorral tamaulipeco, con un hermano o con un individuo de otras especies, de 1-24 meses. La supervivencia de plántulas fue similar para todas las especies cuando éstas crecieron solas o en competencia, a los 1, 6 y 12 meses. A los 24 meses, la supervivencia de plántulas de Vachellia farnesiana fue menor cuando creció con Havardia pallens. No hubo evidencia de una competencia o facilitación fuerte para especies filogenéticamente más cercanas. El tamaño de la plántula se correlacionó con el peso de la semilla únicamente al mes de germinadas. La altura máxima y promedio de la planta adulta no se correlacionó con el peso de semillas o con la altura de la planta. La filogenia no explicó la competencia con los vecinos más cercanos durante la germinación de especies del matorral tamaulipeco."

Phylogeny Seed mass Seedling Shoot/root ratio Tamaulipan thornscrub BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA)