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96 resultados, página 5 de 10

Gender, rainfall endowment, and farmers’ heterogeneity in wheat trait preferences in Ethiopia

Hom Nath Gartaula Moti Jaleta (2024, [Artículo])

Wheat is a vital cereal crop for smallholders in Ethiopia. Despite over fifty years of research on wheat varietal development, consideration of gendered trait preferences in developing target product profiles for wheat breeding is limited. To address this gap, our study used sex-disaggregated survey data and historical rainfall trends from the major wheat-growing regions in Ethiopia. The findings indicated heterogeneity in trait preferences based on gender and rainfall endowment. Men respondents tended to prefer wheat traits with high straw yield and disease-resistance potential, while women showed a greater appreciation for wheat traits related to good taste and cooking quality. Farmers in high rainfall areas seemed to prioritize high straw yield and disease resistance traits, while those in low rainfall areas valued good adaptation traits more highly. Most of the correlation coefficients among the preferred traits were positive, indicating that farmers seek wheat varieties with traits that serve multiple purposes. Understanding men's and women's preferences and incorporating them in breeding and seed systems could contribute to the development of more targeted and effective wheat varieties that meet the diverse needs of men and women farmers in Ethiopia.

Trait Preferences Multivariate Probit Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS GENDER RAINFALL PROBIT ANALYSIS

Interculturalidad. Diversidad de Diversidades

IRVING SAMADHI AGUILAR ROCHA (2023, [Libro])

Esta obra sobre interculturalidad y diversidades parte de un contexto universal, es decir, se enmarca en los procesos de globalización del presente siglo XXI. Uno de los debates sostenidos al interior del campo filosófico y de las ciencias sociales, se concentra en las formas de construir un diálogo intercultural capaz de superar fundamentalismos políticos, ideológicos, étnicos y religiosos.

Las perspectivas para abordar el tema son diversas y se plantean desde problemáticas diferentes; por ejemplo, la reproducción de diferentes prácticas socioculturales a distintas escalas, la organización de las actividades contemporáneas comunes a todos, las interacciones entre distintos actores y países. En todas ellas, la interculturalidad, entendida como un diálogo, implica relaciones conflictivas. Los conflictos, desde diferentes enfoques, producen cambios sociales y, además, se interiorizan a nivel emocional.

Este libro pone en evidencia, a través de las diferentes investigaciones aquí reunidas, las situaciones de opresión y resistencia histórica, cultural y socioeconómica existentes en las sociedades. El carácter de las propuestas es crítico, debido al acercamiento a diversas posturas teóricas planteadas en contextos problemáticos y por mostrar conflictos de intereses políticos y económicos, individuales y grupales. En este sentido, se parte de marcos teóricos que posibiliten los discursos sobre lo diverso.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA Pluralismo cultural, Multiculturalismo ,Sociología

Do provisioning ecosystem services change along gradients of increasing agricultural production?

Ronju Ahammad Stephanie Tomscha Sarah Gergel Frédéric Baudron Jean-Yves Duriaux Chavarría Samson Foli Dominic Rowland Josh Van Vianen Terence Sunderland (2024, [Artículo])

Context: Increasing agricultural production shapes the flow of ecosystem services (ES), including provisioning services that support the livelihoods and nutrition of people in tropical developing countries. Although our broad understanding of the social-ecological consequences of agricultural intensification is growing, how it impacts provisioning ES is still unknown. Objectives: We examined the household use of provisioning ES across a gradient of increasing agricultural production in seven tropical countries (Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nicaragua and Zambia). We answered two overarching questions: (1) does the use of provisioning ES differ along gradients of agriculture production ranging from zones of subsistence to moderate and to high agriculture production? and (2) are there synergies and/or trade-offs within and among groups of ES within these zones? Methods: Using structured surveys, we asked 1900 households about their assets, livestock, crops, and collection of forest products. These questions allowed us to assess the number of provisioning ES households used, and whether the ES used are functionally substitutable (i.e., used similarly for nutrition, material, and energy). Finally, we explored synergies and trade-offs among household use of provisioning ES. Results: As agricultural production increased, provisioning ES declined both in total number and in different functional groups used. We found more severe decreases in ES for relatively poorer households. Within the functional groups of ES, synergistic relationships were more often found than trade-offs in all zones, including significant synergies among livestock products (dairy, eggs, meat) and fruits. Conclusions: Considering landscape context provides opportunities to enhance synergies among provisioning services for households, supporting resilient food systems and human well-being.

Agricultural Production Zones Agricultural Intensifcation Synergies and Trade-Offs Landscape Multifunctionality Social-Ecological Systems CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE INTENSIFICATION ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LANDSCAPE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES