Emmer wheat eco-geographic and genomic congruence shapes phenotypic performance under mediterranean climate

Dana Fuerst SHAILESH YADAV Rajib Roychowdhury Carolina Sansaloni Sariel Hübner (2022, [Artículo])

Emmer Wheat CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT GENETIC VARIATION CLIMATE PHENOLOGY YIELDS MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE

Validación del potencial antioxidante de citrus aurantium en Tabasco, México

Validation of the antioxidant potential of citrus aurantium in Tabasco, Mexico

CLAUDINA VILLARREAL MARIA TERESA CADENAS GONZALEZ Francisca Méndez Morales GLORIA IVETTE BOLIO LÓPEZ Manuel Mateo Hernández Villegas Nidia Elena Rivera DAMIANYS ALMENARES LOPEZ Catalina Rivas Morales (2023, [Artículo])

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), comúnmente conocida como naranja amarga, posee múltiples potenciales terapéuticos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo experimental con el objetivo de conocer las características del consumo de C. aurantium (CA) en población tabasqueña. Para validar su uso, se preparó un extracto etanólico (85 %) de las hojas secas de CA y se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico, con posterior cuantificación del contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales. Posteriormente se determinó actividad antioxidante por el ensayo DPPH y toxicidad aguda con Artemia Salina. Las partes más empleadas de la planta son las hojas para aliviar dolores musculares, síntomas de resfriados. En el estudio fitoquímico se encontraron que el extracto contiene alcaloides, flavonoides, cumarinas, quinonas y taninos. En la cromatografía de capa fina del extracto hidroalcohólico se demostró la presencia de la naringina. Se obtuvo un contenido de fenoles totales de 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g MS y de flavonoides totales de 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g MS. Contiene actividad antioxidante de 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS y el ensayo de toxicidad aguda demostró una toxicidad moderada. Los resultados evidencian que el extracto etanólico al 85 % contiene compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides, permitiendo sostener las propiedades medicinales y farmacológicas conferidas a la planta en el estado de Tabasco.

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as bitter orange, has multiple therapeutic potentials. An experimental qualitative study was carried out with the objective of knowing the characteristics of the consumption of C. aurantium (CA) in the Tabasco population. To validate its use, an ethanolic extract (85 %) was prepared from the dry CA leaves and phytochemical screening was performed, with subsequent quantification of the content of total phenols and flavonoids. Subsequently, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay and acute toxicity with Artemia salina. The most used parts of the plant are the leaves to relieve muscle pain, cold symptoms. In the phytochemical study it was found that the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones and tannins. In the thin layer chromatography of the hydroalcoholic extract, the presence of naringin was demonstrated. A total phenol content of 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g DM and total flavonoids of 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g DM were obtained. It contains antioxidant activity of 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS and the acute toxicity test showed moderate toxicity. The results show that the 85% ethanolic extract contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids, allowing to sustain the medicinal and pharmacological properties conferred to the plant in the state of Tabasco.Conclusions: this study showed the existence of phenols and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from C. aurantium leaves and their moderate toxicity against Artemia salina.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de intereses.

Contribución por autor: DAL: diseño, escritura y revisión del documento, MTCG, MMHV, GIBL, NERL, FMM, ECVI, CRM: asesoría, escritura y revisión del documento.

Financiación o fondos: El presente estudio no conto con ningún apoyo financiero, todo fue con recurso propio de los investigadores.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de intereses.

Contribución por autor: DAL: diseño, escritura y revisión del documento, MTCG, MMHV, GIBL, NERL, FMM, ECVI, CRM: asesoría, escritura y revisión del documento.

Financiación o fondos: El presente estudio no conto con ningún apoyo financiero, todo fue con recurso propio de los investigadores.

Citrus aurantium Antioxidante Fenoles Flavonoides Toxicidad aguda Citrus aurantium Antioxidant Phenol Flavonoids Acute toxicity INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Catching-up with genetic progress: Simulation of potential production for modern wheat cultivars in the Netherlands

João Vasco Silva Frits K. Van Evert Pytrik Reidsma (2023, [Artículo])

Context: Wheat crop growth models from all over the world have been calibrated on the Groot and Verberne (1991) data set, collected between 1982 and 1984 in the Netherlands, in at least 28 published studies to date including various recent ones. However, the recent use of this data set for calibration of potential yield is questionable as actual Dutch winter wheat yields increased by 3.1 Mg ha-1 over the period 1984 – 2015. A new comprehensive set of winter wheat experiments, suitable for crop model calibration, was conducted in Wageningen during the growing seasons of 2013–2014 and of 2014–2015. Objective: The present study aimed to quantify the change of winter wheat variety traits between 1984 and 2015 and to examine which of the identified traits explained the increase in wheat yield most. Methods: PCSE-LINTUL3 was calibrated on the Groot and Verberne data (1991) set. Next, it was evaluated on the 2013–2015 data set. The model was further recalibrated on the 2013–2015 data set. Parameter values of both calibrations were compared. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess to what extent climate change, elevated CO2, changes in sowing dates, and changes in cultivar traits could explain yield increases. Results: The estimated reference light use efficiency and the temperature sum from anthesis to maturity were higher in 2013–2015 than in 1982–1984. PCSE-LINTUL3, calibrated on the 1982–1984 data set, underestimated the yield potential of 2013–2015. Sensitivity analyses showed that about half of the simulated winter wheat yield increase between 1984 and 2015 in the Netherlands was explained by elevated CO2 and climate change. The remaining part was explained by the increased temperature sum from anthesis to maturity and, to a smaller extent, by changes in the reference light use efficiency. Changes in sowing dates, biomass partitioning fractions, thermal requirements for anthesis, and biomass reallocation did not explain the yield increase. Conclusion: Recalibration of PCSE-LINTUL3 was necessary to reproduce the high wheat yields currently obtained in the Netherlands. About half of the reported winter wheat yield increase was attributed to climate change and elevated CO2. The remaining part of the increase was attributed to changes in the temperature sum from anthesis to maturity and, to a lesser extent, the reference light use efficiency. Significance: This study systematically addressed to what extent changes in various cultivar traits, climate change, and elevated CO2 can explain the winter wheat yield increase observed in the Netherlands between 1984 and 2015.

Light Use Efficiency Potential Yield CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP MODELLING LIGHT PHENOLOGY MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE YIELD TRITICUM AESTIVUM WINTER WHEAT

Genetic diversity and genome-wide association study for the phenology response of winter wheats of North America, Western Asia, and Europe

Susanne Dreisigacker Marta Lopes Miguel Sanchez-Garcia (2023, [Artículo])

Winter Wheat Panel Precision Phenology Effective Markers CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENETIC DIVERSITY (AS RESOURCE) GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES PHENOLOGY PHOTOPERIODICITY POPULATION STRUCTURE VERNALIZATION WINTER WHEAT

Accumulation of wheat phenolic acids under different nitrogen rates and growing environments

Wenfei Tian Yong Zhang Zhonghu He (2022, [Artículo])

Functional Wheat Trans-Ferulic Acid Nitrogen Management Environment Interaction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT PHENOLIC ACIDS NITROGEN ENVIRONMENT ANTIOXIDANTS

A comprehensive review of wheat phytochemicals: From farm to fork and beyond

Wenfei Tian Michael Tilley Zhonghu He Yonghui Li (2022, [Artículo])

Cereal Nutrients Health Benefits Wheat Phytochemicals CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ALKYLRESORCINOLS ANTIOXIDANTS PHENOLIC ACIDS WHEAT

Antioxidant potential profile of portuguese wheat (Bread and durum) germplasm

Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira (2023, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ANTIOXIDANTS WHEAT SEED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FERULIC ACID

Antioxidant profile of hot and sweet pepper cultivars by two extraction methods

MERCEDES GEORGINA RAMIREZ ARAGON ENRIQUE TROYO DIEGUEZ Pablo Preciado Rangel Victoria Jared Borroel García Miguel García-Carrillo JOSE LUIS GARCIA HERNANDEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"Chili peppers are among the most important vegetables in the world. The demand of this fruit reveals a noticeable rapid increasing, which importance is mainly due to its nutraceutical composition. These fruits are rich in capsaicinoids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and others, including vitamins. In this study, a comparative evaluation between two extraction methods of bioactive compounds of fourteen chili pepper cultivars was performed. Two extraction methods for antioxidants, the time-solvent and the ultrasound were evaluated. The design of the experiment was completely randomized with three repetitions where variables evaluated were total phenolic compounds, flavonoids content, antioxidant capacity and capsaicin. Results showed that the phenolic compounds oscillated between 48.7 - 634.1 mg GAE/100 g dry weight (DW), the flavonoids content varied from 1 - 97 mg QE/100 g DW, the antioxidant activity from 65 - 348 µmol Trolox/g DW and the capsaicin content oscillated from 0.3 - 922 mg/100 g DW. The extraction method with higher values of bioactive compounds for each of the chili pepper types was the ultrasound for all the measured variables."

Capsicum annuum, phenolics, flavonoids, capsaicin, ultrasound, antioxidant capacity CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS AGRONOMÍA PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS

Desarrollo de interfaces de electrodos para la detección electroquímica de Bisfenol A: Estudio teórico

JAZMIN DELGADO AVILEZ (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

El bisfenol A (BPA), es un contaminante de origen industrial presente en efluentes y

aguas naturales, que representa un alto riesgo para el entorno ambiental y para la salud humana debido a su inherente toxicidad y su limitada capacidad de degradación. En este contexto, los sensores electroquímicos, generalmente basados en electrodos de carbono, son herramientas fundamentales con el propósito de detectar y cuantificar esta molécula. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos enfrentan desafíos sustanciales derivados de la inactivación electroquímica, un fenómeno atribuido a la formación de una capa aislante o polimerización durante el proceso de detección. La descripción de los mecanismos de reacción BPA/superficie del electrodo puede ser útil para identificar los sitios activos y contribuir a la elucidación del proceso de polimerización.

En esta investigación, se implementó un estudio teórico mediante Teoría de Funcionales de la Densidad (DFT) con el propósito de analizar con profundidad las interacciones entre el BPA en sus diversos estados de oxidación: oxidada (O), reducida (R) y monoprotonada (r*) y materiales de carbono. A tal efecto, se empleó el grafeno funcionalizado (plano basal, borde tipo silla y zigzag) como modelo representativo de la superficie del electrodo. Finalmente se evalúan las posibilidades de la dimerización del BPA o polimerización sobre varios grupos funcionales. El objetivo principal radica en la detección de grupos funcionales específicos que puedan inducir procesos secundarios, los cuales actúan como obstáculos para la eficaz detección electroquímica del BPA. La información resultante se instituye como un recurso valioso con miras al diseño y la optimización de sensores electroquímicos con un desempeño más robusto y sofisticado.

A continuación, se detalla la sinopsis general de este trabajo describiendo cada capítulo y las etapas involucradas en el estudio del modelo teórico de DFT para el sistema de reacción BPA/superficie del electrodo.

Capítulo 1. Estado del arte tanto de los usos industriales como las implicaciones

ambientales asociadas al Bisfenol A. Una de las problemáticas que se destacan es la necesidad de una detección precisa de esta molécula mediante sensores electroquímicos cuya limitación es la inactivación que presentan. También se describe la justificación del trabajo, así como el uso del modelo computacional, además de los objetivos y la hipótesis del mismo.

Capítulo 2. Descripción de los fundamentos teóricos basados en primeros principios, de la Teoría de Funcionales de la Densidad (DFT), con un enfoque especial en las aproximaciones para desarrollar modelos representativos que optimicen el tiempo de cálculo. Además, se detallan las características de la estructura y la superficie de los materiales de carbono considerados en el proceso de modelado.

Capítulo 3. Detalle del proceso de construcción del modelo de superficie para el estudio de las interacciones BPA/superficie del electrodo, donde se empleó el modelo del plano basal,así como los bordes tipo silla y zigzag del grafeno, con funcionalizaciones que incluyen COOH, OH, éter, epóxido, cetona y terminaciones de hidrógeno.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a contaminant of industrial origin present in effluents and natural waters. It represents a high environmental and human health risk due to its inherent toxicity and limited degradation capacity. In this context, electrochemical sensors, generally based on carbon electrodes, are fundamental to detecting and quantifying this molecule. However, these devices face substantial challenges from electrochemical inactivation, a phenomenon attributed to forming an insulating layer or polymerization during the sensing process. The description of the BPA/electrode surface reaction mechanisms can be helpful to identify the active sites and contribute to the elucidation of the polymerization process.

In this research, a theoretical study was implemented using Density Functional Theory (DFT) to analyze in depth the interactions between BPA in its various oxidation states: oxidized (O), reduced (R), and monoprotonated (r*) and carbon materials. For this purpose, functionalized graphene (basal plane, saddle edge, and zigzag) was used as a representative model of the electrode surface. Finally, the possibilities of BPA dimerization or polymerization on various functional groups are evaluated. The main objective is detecting specific functional groups that can induce secondary processes, which act as obstacles to the effective electrochemical detection of BPA. The resulting information is a valuable resource for designing and optimizing electrochemical sensors with more robust and sophisticated performance.

The general synopsis of this work is detailed below, describing each chapter and the

stages involved in the study of the theoretical DFT model for the BPA/electrode surface reaction system.

Chapter 1. State of the art of industrial uses and the environmental implications associated with Bisphenol A. One of the problems that stands out is the need for precise detection of this molecule using electrochemical sensors, whose limitation is the inactivation they present. The justification of the work is also described, as well as the use of the computational model, in addition to its objectives and hypothesis.

Chapter 2. Description of the theoretical foundations based on first principles of Density Functional Theory (DFT), focusing on approaches to develop representative models that optimize calculation time. Additionally, the structure and surface characteristics of the carbon materials considered in the modeling process are detailed.

Chapter 3. Detail of the construction process of the surface model for the study of BPA/electrode surface interactions, where the basal plane model was used, as well as the chair- type and zigzag edges of graphene, with functionalizations that include COOH, OH, ether, epoxide, ketone, and hydrogen endings.

INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS Oxidación de fenoles, Teoría de funcionales de la densidad (DFT), electrodos de carbono, desactivación electroquímica, Bisfenol A (BPA). Phenol oxidation, Density Functional Theory (DFT), carbon electrodes, electrochemical deactivation, Bisphenol A (BPA).