Integrative taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of genus Aplysina (Demospongiae: Verongida) from Mexican Pacific

José Antonio Cruz-Barraza (2012, [Artículo])

Integrative taxonomy provides a major approximation to species delimitation based on integration of different perspectives (e.g. morphology, biochemistry and DNA sequences). The aim of this study was to assess the relationships and boundaries among Eastern Pacific Aplysina species using morphological, biochemical and molecular data. For this, a collection of sponges of the genus Aplysina from the Mexican Pacific was studied on the basis of their morphological, chemical (chitin composition), and molecular markers (mitochondrial COI and nuclear ribosomal rDNA: ITS1-5.8-ITS2). Three morphological species were identified, two of which are new to science. A. clathrata sp. nov. is a yellow to yellow-reddish or -brownish sponge, characterized by external clathrate-like morphology; A. revillagigedi sp. nov. is a lemon yellow to green, cushion-shaped sometimes lobate sponge, characterized by conspicuous oscules, which are slightly elevated and usually linearly distributed on rims; and A. gerardogreeni a known species distributed along the Mexican Pacific coast. Chitin was identified as the main structural component within skeletons of the three species using FTIR, confirming that it is shared among Verongida sponges. Morphological differences were confirmed by DNA sequences from nuclear ITS1-5.8-ITS2. Mitochondrial COI sequences showed extremely low but diagnostic variability for Aplysina revillagigedi sp. nov., thus our results corroborate that COI has limited power for DNA-barcoding of sponges and should be complemented with other markers (e.g. rDNA). Phylogenetic analyses of Aplysina sequences from the Eastern Pacific and Caribbean, resolved two allopatric and reciprocally monophyletic groups for each region. Eastern Pacific species were grouped in general accordance with the taxonomic hypothesis based on morphological characters. An identification key of Eastern Pacific Aplysina species is presented. Our results constitute one of the first approximations to integrative taxonomy, phylogeny and evolutionary biogeography of Eastern Pacific marine sponges; an approach that will significantly contribute to our better understanding of their diversity and evolutionary history. © 2012 Cruz et al.

chitin, genomic DNA, mitochondrial DNA, molecular marker, ribosome DNA, allopatry, Aplysina clatharata, Aplysina gerardogreeni, Aplysina revillagigedi, article, DNA barcoding, DNA sequence, genetic polymorphism, genetic variability, infrared spectros CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Cell carbon content and biomass assessments of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico

LORENA PATRICIA LINACRE ROJAS (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

This study assessed the cell carbon content and biomass for genera of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the oceanic ecosystem of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. Carbon content estimates were based on biovolume calculations derived from linear dimension measurements of individual cells and the approximate geometric body shape of each genus. Then, biomass assessments were performed for both groups in two gulf regions (Perdido and Coatzacoalcos) using these carbon content factors and cell abundances. After four seasonal cruises, 11,817 cells of dinoflagellates and 3,412 cells of diatoms were analyzed. Diverse body shapes and cell sizes were observed among 46 dinoflagellate genera and 37 diatom genera. Nano-cells of dinoflagellates (68% <20 μm) and micro-cells of diatoms (77% 20–200 μm, mostly 50–75 μm) were predominant. According to this cell-size structure, on average, diatoms contained 40% more carbon per cell than dinoflagellates. Contrasting carbon content estimates were observed within the genera of both microalgae. Large carbon averages (>10,000 pg C cell-1) were attributed to Gonyaulacal and some occasional genera of dinoflagellates (e.g., Pyrocystis and Noctiluca) and centric diatoms. In contrast, values up to 3 orders of magnitude lower were found for Peridinial and Gymnodinial dinoflagellates and pennate diatoms. Based on these carbon content estimates, which can be considered representative for most of this oceanic ecosystem, seasonal and regional differences were found in the biomass assessments conducted for these functional groups. Overall, dinoflagellates (mostly low-carbon Gymnodinales) had larger depth-integrated biomass than diatoms (mainly rich-carbon centric forms) within the euphotic zone. An exception to it was the late-summer cruise at the Coatzacoalcos region when a surface bloom of centric diatoms was observed in stations influenced by river runoff. This work contributes useful reference information for future ecological studies and models for understanding the biogeochemical functioning of this open-ocean ecosystem. © 2021 Linacre et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Carbon, biomass, Oceanic ecosystem, Southern Gulf of Mexico, Mexico CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Hyperiid amphipods from the Gulf of Ulloa and offshore region, Baja California: The possible role of the gelatinous zooplankton as a transport vector into the coastal shelf waters

Bertha Lavaniegos (2020, [Artículo])

Hyperiid amphipod species from the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California, and the adjacent region (from the shelf break to 200 km offshore) were analyzed to evaluate diversity and abundances. This productive area supports small-scale commercial fisheries, including sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), abalones, clams, and others. Strong coastal upwelling events were observed during summer seasons of the period 2002-2008 between Punta Eugenia and Punta Abreojos. The upwelling plumes at Punta Abreojos are transported southward in slope waters bordering the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, contributing to the separation of coastal and oceanic regions, and explain differences in amphipod diversity and abundances between both regions. In the offshore region, the most abundant species were Vibilia armata, Lestrigonus schizogeneios, Primno brevidens, and Eupronoe minuta, similar to previous findings in northern regions of Baja California and southern California. However, abundances of these species were lower (10-30 individuals/1000 m3), only reaching 20-50% of abundance levels reported off northern Baja California. In the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, amphipods were virtually absent during 2002, 2003 and 2006. However, during 2004 and 2005, abundances of P. brevidens increased (54 and 20 ind/1000 m3, respectively). Moreover, during the late summer of 2007, abundances of L. schizogeneios, P. brevidens, Lycaea nasuta, Lycaea pulex, and Simorhynchotus antennarius increased considerably (261, 39, 31, 68, 416 ind/1000 m3, respectively), indicating occasional utilization of the coastal shelf by pelagic amphipods. Changes in gelatinous populations (medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, doliolids, and salps) paralleled changes in hyperiid populations, with highest abundances in 2005-2008 in the coastal shelf. Significant correlations of 17 amphipod species with gelatinous taxa, which are often used as host organisms by hyperiid amphipods, suggest that gelatinous presence enhanced hyperiid abundance and promoted the progression of hyperiid amphipods onto the coastal shelf during parts of the 2002-2008 period. © 2020 Bertha E. Lavaniegos. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

abalone, Amphipoda, article, Baja California, clam, clinical article, Ctenophora, Eugenia, female, fishery, human, human experiment, male, medusa, nonhuman, Panulirus interruptus, plume, summer, zooplankton, Amphipoda, animal, California, ecosystem, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Diversidad de fauna asociada al sargazo (Sargasum fluitans y Sargasum natans) y su relación con las características físicas del agua en el norte del Caribe mexicano

HELDER ABRAHAM BERZUNZA PASOS (2024, [Tesis de maestría])

CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO HIDROLOGÍA HIDROBIOLOGÍA HIDROBIOLOGÍA

High quality diet improves lipid metabolic profile and breeding performance in the blue-footed booby, a long-lived seabird

ERICK GONZALEZ MEDINA (2018, [Artículo])

Understanding the role of diet in the physiological condition of adults during reproduction and hence its effect on reproductive performance is fundamental to understand reproductive strategies in long-lived animals. In birds, little is known about the influence of the quality of food consumed at the beginning of the reproductive period and its short-term effects on reproductive performance. To assess the role of diet in the physiological condition of female blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii (BFBO), during reproduction we evaluated whether individual differences in diet (assessed by using δ13C and δ15N values of whole blood from female birds and muscle tissue of the principal prey species) prior to egg laying and during incubation influenced their lipid metabolic profile (measured as triglyceride levels and C:N ratio) and their reproductive performance (defined by laying date, clutch size and hatching success). Females with higher δ15N values in their blood during the courtship and incubation periods had a higher lipid metabolic profile, earlier laying date, greater clutch size (2–3 eggs) and higher hatching success. Females that laid earlier and more eggs (2–3 eggs) consumed more Pacific anchoveta (Cetengraulis mysticetus) and Pacific thread herring (Opisthonema libertate) than did other females. These two prey species also had high amounts of lipids (C:N ratio) and caloric content (Kcal/g fresh weight). The quality of food consumed by females at the beginning of reproduction affected their physiological condition, as well as their short-term reproductive performance. Our work emphasizes the importance of determining the influence of food quality during reproduction to understand the reproductive decisions and consequences in long-lived animals. © 2018 González-Medina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

nitrogen 15, triacylglycerol, lipid, animal experiment, Article, breeding, carbon nitrogen ratio, clutch size, controlled study, courtship, diet, egg laying, female, food intake, hatching, lipid metabolism, muscle tissue, nonhuman, prey, reproduction CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Conjuntos de dinoflagelados del Cretácico Inferior de Colombia

Assemblages of dinoflagellate from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia

Maribel Reyes Tixteco (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

Los dinoflagelados se usan como indicadores en investigaciones ecológicas y son uno de los principales causantes de toxicidad en florecimientos algales nocivos (FANs). Estas microalgas producen quistes resistentes y fosilizables, los cuales son muy útiles como indicadores bioestratigráficos y paleoecológicos. Los dinoflagelados del Cretácico han sido ampliamente estudiados en estratos de latitudes medias y altas, pero los conjuntos tropicales casi no han sido estudiados. Para ayudar a remediar esta falta de conocimiento, se estudiaron cuantitativamente y cualitativamente el contenido de dinoflagelados de 50 muestras de núcleos de los pozos ANH-CR-MONTECARLO-1X y ANH-CON-06-ST-S, localizados en Colombia. La edad de la sedimentación en ambos pozos se interpreta como Albiano, aunque hay un poco de incertidumbre en la edad de inicio. Los taxones heterotróficos tienen menor riqueza de especies, pero presentan mayor abundancia, mientras que los autótrofos tienen mayor riqueza de especies pero menor abundancia. En el pozo ANH-CR-MONTECARLO-1X se identificaron 20 géneros y 24 especies, con altos valores de concentración total de 1,441.00 qst / gr sed, en la muestra IIES-PALY-6015 por la presencia de Subtilisphaera y 1,036.88 en la muestra IIES-PALY-6021 dominada por Muderongia. Dichas muestras son correlacionables con dos transgresiones marinas, del Albiano tardío (104.4 Ma) y el Albiano temprano (111 Ma) respectivamente. Además, indican que los ensamblajes de quistes en este pozo, están dominados por formas Peridinoideas y Ceratioideas. En el pozo ANH-CON-06-ST-S se encontraron 16 géneros y 15 especies, con un valor máximo de 3,539.62 qst / gr sed en la muestra IIES-PALY-5995 por el alto contenido de Subtilisphaera, y correlacionable con la transgresión marina del Albiano tardío (104.4 Ma). Los ensamblajes de quistes en este pozo, están dominados por las formas Peridinoideas. La litología y el contenido de palinomorfos de los pozos indican un ambiente nerítico interno (NI) a transicional (T), con mayor aporte de terrígenos en el pozo ANH-CON-06-ST-S. Se propone un clima cálido para el Cretácico Inferior por la alta diversidad de taxones autótrofos característicos de aguas cálidas y estratificadas.

Dinoflagellates produce resistant and fossilizable cysts, which are useful as biostratigraphic and paleoecological indicators. These microalgae are used as indicators in ecological studies and are one of the main causes of toxicity in harmful algal blooms (HABs). Cretaceous dinoflagellates have been extensively studied in mid- and high-latitude strata, but tropical assemblages have hardly been studied. To help remedy this lack of knowledge, the dinoflagellate content of 50 core samples from the ANH-CR-MONTECARLO-1X and ANH-CON-06-ST-S wells, located in Colombia, were quantitatively and qualitatively studied. The age of sedimentation in both wells is interpreted as Albian, although there is some uncertainty in the beginning of the depositional age. Heterotrophic taxa have lower species richness but higher abundance, while autotrophs have higher species richness but lower abundance. In the ANH-CR-MONTECARLO-1X well, 20 genera and 24 species were identified, with high total concentration values of 1,441.00 cst / gr sed, in the IIES-PALY-6015 sample, due to the presence of Subtilisphaera and 1,036.88 in the IIES sample -PALY-6021, dominated by Muderongia. These samples are correlable with two marine transgressions, from the late Albian (104.4 Ma) and early Albian (111 Ma) respectively. Furthermore, they indicate that the cyst assemblages in this well are dominated by hetrotrophic forms. In the ANH-CON-06-ST-S well, 16 genera and 15 species were found, with a maximum value of 3,539.62 qst / gr sed in the IIES-PALY-5995 sample due to the high content of Subtilisphaera, and correlated with the transgression marina from the late Albian (104.4 Ma). The cyst assemblages in this well are also dominated by the heterotrophic forms. The lithology and palynomorph content of the wells indicate an internal neritic (NI) to transitional (T) environment, with a higher terrigenous influx in the ANH-CON-06-ST-S well. A warm climate is proposed for the Lower Cretaceous due to the high diversity of autotrophic taxa characteristic of warm and stratified waters.

Dinoflagelados, Cretácico Inferior, Bioestratigrafía, Paleoambientes, Paleoecología Dinoflagellates, Lower Cretaceous, Biostratigraphy, Paleoenvironment, Paleoecology CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO GEOLOGÍA GEOLOGÍA REGIONAL GEOLOGÍA REGIONAL

Phylogenetic relationships of Pseudo-nitzschia subpacifica (Bacillariophyceae) from the Mexican Pacific, and its production of domoic acid in culture

Sonia Quijano (2020, [Artículo])

Pseudo-nitzschia is a cosmopolitan genus, some species of which can produce domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin responsible for the Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). In this study, we identified P. subpacifica for the first time in Todos Santos Bay and Manzanillo Bay, in the Mexican Pacific using SEM and molecular methods. Isolates from Todos Santos Bay were cultivated under conditions of phosphate sufficiency and deficiency at 16°C and 22°C to evaluate the production of DA. This toxin was detected in the particulate (DAp) and dissolved (DAd) fractions of the cultures during the exponential and stationary phases of growth of the cultures. The highest DA concentration was detected during the exponential phase grown in cells maintained in P-deficient medium at 16°C (1.14 ± 0.08 ng mL-1 DAd and 4.71 ± 1.11 × 10−5 ng cell-1 of DAp). In P-sufficient cultures DA was higher in cells maintained at 16°C (0.25 ± 0.05 ng mL-1 DAd and 9.41 ± 1.23 × 10−7 ng cell-1 of DAp) than in cells cultured at 22°C. Therefore, we confirm that P. subpacifica can produce DA, especially under P-limited conditions that could be associated with extraordinary oceanographic events such as the 2013–2016 "Blob" in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. This event altered local oceanographic conditions and possibly generated the presence of potential harmful species in areas with economic importance on the Mexican Pacific coast. © 2020 Quijano-Scheggia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

domoic acid, domoic acid, kainic acid, Article, cell growth, controlled study, diatom, Mexico, morphology, nonhuman, Pacific Ocean, phylogeny, plant cell, plant growth, Pseudo nitzschia, toxin analysis, cell culture technique, classification, diatom, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Protein retention assessment of four levels of poultry by-product substitution of fishmeal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets using stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) as natural tracers

DANIEL BADILLO ZAPATA (2014, [Artículo])

This is second part from an experiment where the nitrogen retention of poultry by-product meal (PBM) compared to fishmeal (FM) was evaluated using traditional indices. Here a quantitative method using stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N values) as natural tracers of nitrogen incorporation into fish biomass is assessed. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed for 80 days on isotopically distinct diets in which 0, 33, 66 and 100% of FM as main protein source was replaced by PBM. The diets were isonitrogenous, isolipidic and similar in gross energy content. Fish in all treatments reached isotopic equilibrium by the end of the experiment. Two-source isotope mixing models that incorporated the isotopic composition of FM and PBM as well as that of formulated feeds, empirically derived trophic discrimination factors and the isotopic composition of fish that had reached isotopic equilibrium to the diets were used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the retention of each source of nitrogen. Fish fed the diets with 33 and 66% replacement of FM by PBM retained poultry by-product meal roughly in proportion to its level of inclusion in the diets, whereas no differences were detected in the protein efficiency ratio. Coupled with the similar biomass gain of fishes fed the different diets, our results support the inclusion of PBM as replacement for fishmeal in aquaculture feeds. A re-feeding experiment in which all fish were fed a diet of 100% FM for 28 days indicated isotopic turnover occurred very fast, providing further support for the potential of isotopic ratios as tracers of the retention of specific protein sources into fish tissues. Stable isotope analysis is a useful tool for studies that seek to obtain quantitative estimates of the retention of different protein sources. © 2014 Badillo et al.

nitrogen 15, nitrogen, protein intake, animal behavior, animal experiment, animal food, animal tissue, aquaculture, Article, biomass, controlled study, energy metabolism, food composition, juvenile animal, nonhuman, poultry by product meal, protein a CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Prevención de infecciones por Acinetobacter baumannii en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención

GEORGINA ROMERO GENARO (2023, [Otro, Trabajo terminal, especialidad])

El Acinetobacter es un cocobacilo aerobio gramnegativo que se ha descrito desde un

organismo de patogenicidad cuestionable hasta el de un agente infeccioso de gran

importancia hospitalaria en todo el mundo y se presenta en pacientes susceptibles con

mayor frecuencia en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). En nuestro país existen

estudios relacionado con este microorganismo que sustenta la importancia de la

prevención.

Este trabajo de investigación titulado “Prevención por acinetobacter baumannii en la

unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención”, tiene como

objetivo prevenir las infecciones asociadas por Acinetobacter baumannii. Mediante tres

variables las cuales son: higiene de manos, limpieza y desinfección de material y equipo

y la técnica de barrera máxima.

Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y observacional. La muestra de

estudio está conformada por 30 profesionales de enfermería que se encuentran adscritas

a la UCI. Se realiza una evaluación de conocimientos a través de un instrumento sobre

las medidas de prevención que consta de 10 preguntas con opción multiple donde los

criterios de evaluación son: muy bueno, bueno y deficiente esta medición sustenta la

necesidad de la realización de este estudio. Con respecto al conocimiento que tiene el

personal profesional de enfermería encuestado sobre la eficiencia de las medidas de

prevención por acinetobacter baumannii se obtuvo un indicador de eficiencia general

bueno de un 72%. Los resultados por variable fueron los siguientes: el 80% fue de

conocimiento, el 63% al lavado de manos, 72% corresponde a la limpieza y desinfección

del material y equipo así como por último se obtuvo el 80% en la técnica de barrera

máxima.

Estos resultados nos permiten implementar las medidas preventivas mediante la difusión

con base en la NOM-045-SSA-2015 para la vigilancia epidemiológica, prevención y

control de las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud, al personal de enfermería

de la UCI.

Acinetobacter is a gram-negative aerobic coccobacillus that has been described from an

organism of questionable pathogenicity to that of an infectious agent of great hospital

importance worldwide and occurs in susceptible patients more frequently in intensive care

units (ICU). In our country there are studies related to this microorganism that support the

importance of prevention.

This research work entitled "Prevention of Acinetobacter baumannii in the intensive care

unit of a second level care hospital", aims to prevent infections associated with

Acinetobacter baumannii. By means of three variables which are: hand hygiene, cleaning

and disinfection of airway material and equipment and the maximum barrier technique.

A quantitative, descriptive and observational study was carried out. The study sample

consisted of 30 nursing professionals assigned to the ICU. Knowledge was evaluated by

means of an instrument on prevention measures consisting of 10 multiple-choice

questions where the evaluation criteria are: very good, good and deficient, this

measurement supports the need to carry out this study. With respect to the knowledge

that the professional nursing personnel surveyed have about the efficiency of

acinetobacter baumannii prevention measures, a good overall efficiency indicator of 72%

was obtained. The results by variable were as follows: 80% were for knowledge, 63% for

hand washing, 72% for cleaning and disinfection of material and equipment, and 80% for

the maximum barrier technique.

These results allow us to implement preventive measures through dissemination based

on NOM-045-SSA-2015 for epidemiological surveillance, prevention and control of

healthcare-associated infections, to ICU nursing staff.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS MÉDICAS acinetobacter baumannii, prevención, lavado de manos, desinfección y la técnica de barrera máxima. acinetobacter baumannii, prevention, hand washing, disinfection and maximum barrier technique.

Evaluación de riesgo en salud en población infantil expuesta a una mezcla de contaminantes en Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz

NADIA AZENET PELALLO MARTINEZ (2010, [Tesis de doctorado])

La población infantil que habita en Coatzacoalcos y en zonas aledañas está potencialmente expuesta a una mezcla compleja de contaminantes generada por diversas fuentes: actividad industrial química y petroquímica, aplicación de plaguicidas y herbicidas, tráfico marítimo, vehicular y ferroviario, descargas de residuos urbanos e industriales, etc. La exposición a ésta mezcla puede generar diversos efectos en diferentes sistemas biológicos de los individuos. De los compuestos cuantificados en matrices ambientales y biológicas en estudios previos, el benceno y el plomo son compuestos asociados a efectos hematotóxicos y genotóxicos, mientras que el tolueno antagoniza los efectos del benceno y los HAPs son genotóxicos y pueden estar interaccionando con los efectos del benceno. En este estudio se cuantificó la exposición a benceno, tolueno, xilenos, HAPs y plomo en 102 niños que habitan Coatzacoalcos y dos localidades aledañas. Fue evaluado también el efecto genotóxico por ensayo cometa y el efecto hematotóxico a través de biometría hemática. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio revelan que la exposición en las tres localidades es similar para Pb y benceno; la exposición a tolueno es ligeramente mayor en una localidad, mientras que los niveles de 1-OHP señalan un gradiente en tres niveles. Por otra parte, de acuerdo a las guías de exposición de los biomarcadores empleados tanto el benceno como los HAPs son, de los compuestos evaluados, los contaminantes de mayor preocupación en el área puesto que superan los valores establecidos en población adulta ocupacionalmente expuesta mientras que el plomo no supera los 10 μg/dL. En cuanto a los efectos, nuestros resultados sugieren que la variación en la proporción y composición de la mezcla evaluada puede modificar el resultado tóxico final. Se observa un gradiente en la severidad de la genotoxicidad y la prevalencia de anemia asociado al patrón de exposición de HAPs. En la localidad con niveles más altos de HAPs, se encontró un daño a ADN más severo y correlaciones negativas entre los parámetros hemáticos y los niveles de Pb y benceno.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD