Programa regional hidrológico forestal para la región I península de Baja California

Maria Dolores Olvera Salgado HECTOR GREGORIO CORTES TORRES (2007, [Documento de trabajo])

Tabla de contenido: Planeación en material forestal – Objetivos, metas y estrategias en la Gerencia Región Conafor – Relación agua-bosque – Diagnóstico forestal – Necesidades de recuperación forestal – Planeación estratégica de inversiones para la conservación y recuperación forestal – Impactos esperados de la recuperación forestal sobre los principales recursos naturales – Participación social y planeación regional en materia forestal – Fuentes de financiamiento para implementar el PRHF en la región I península de Baja California – Otros componentes del programa regional hidrológico forestal – Conclusiones y recomendaciones – Bibliografía.

Planeación en material forestal – Objetivos, metas y estrategias en la Gerencia Región Conafor – Relación agua-bosque – Diagnóstico forestal – Necesidades de recuperación forestal – Planeación estratégica de inversiones para la conservación y recuperación forestal – Impactos esperados de la recuperación forestal sobre los principales recursos naturales – Participación social y planeación regional en materia forestal – Fuentes de financiamiento para implementar el PRHF en la región I península de Baja California – Otros componentes del programa regional hidrológico forestal – Conclusiones y recomendaciones – Bibliografía.

Bosques Planificación ambiental Erosión hídrica Informes de proyectos Baja California CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

First record of Band-tailed Pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata (Columbiformes: Columbidae) in the Sonoran Desert of Baja California

Jonathan Gabriel Escobar Flores MARIANA DELGADO FERNANDEZ OSCAR EDUARDO DELGADO GONZALEZ (2016, [Artículo])

"We report the presence of the Band-tailed Pigeon, which was not previously recorded in the Sonoran Desert in Baja California. The site was 140 km south of the nearest forest. The presence of the pigeon further documents the propensity of Band-tailed Pigeons to wander widely."

Baja California Peninsula; Cataviña; desert; forest; riparian vegetation BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL ECOLOGÍA ANIMAL

SOCIO-SPATIAL TRENDS: A GENERAL READING OF PUBLIC SPACE IN HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS

Mariel Organista Camacho Karen Estrella Martínez-Torres Claudia Rivera-Torres (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Human nature implies social interaction in diverse environments, where public space, seen as an essential mediator, becomes disconnected, impersonal, and deteriorated exterior spaces, coupled with a lack of interest in participation, inclusion, and personal development. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the socio-spatial relationships in public spaces based on the inhabitant perception of two housing developments in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. This study used a mixed methodological approach to collect information by applying the following instruments: a questionnaire on public spaces, a series of in situ and aerial photographs, and field observations. A total of 196 surveys were applied from 2016 to 2019; the morphological, typological, and functional characteristics of the public space were also observed. The results evidenced an imminent need to carry out their daily activities on a smaller scale and intensity within the housing complex with a level of spatial satisfaction within a scale of 6.37/10. In this regard, the inhabitants reported a higher attendance of the public space use in Los Encinos in contrast to Villas (62.6% and 39.3%, respectively), even though the travel times were shorter in Villas. Regarding the public space usefulness, both cases weighted spatial understanding followed by access ease to the housing complex with a Pearson correlation coefficient equal to or greater than 0.47. In this sense, spatial relations showed dispersion, disorganization, and fragmentation from the ephemeral. In contrast, social relations were considered impersonal, hurried, and of convenience, subordinated to the conditions of the environment, being that personal well-being is built from relations with the exterior and with the collective itself.

Baja California Habitability Public space Social Developments Social-espatial relation conjuntos habitacionales, habitabilidad, Baja California, espacio público, relaciones socioespaciales. HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Noteworthy record of the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) and its relation to physiographic characteristics in Baja California, Mexico

SARAHI SANDOVAL ESPINOZA MARIANA DELGADO FERNANDEZ Jonathan Gabriel Escobar Flores (2017, [Artículo])

"The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) lives in sandy and shallow soils of the Pacific coastal plains and the ecoregion of San Felipe desert. The reports of this species are scarce and in Mexico it is listed as a threatened species. The populations of V. macrotis tend to decrease due to the change in the habitat to agricultural land, which has been one of the causes of the disappearance of kit fox populations in Mexico. As part of the project “Characterisation of water bodies in Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California”, 12 camera traps were placed in six watering holes that are visited by wildlife from January to August 2015. Digital terrain elevation models were used to describe three variables: roughness, slope inclination and orientation; these variables are essential for the kit fox to build its burrows, catch its preys and escape from predators. The analyses were also carried out in localities where this carnivore had previously been recorded in Baja California. An analysis of variance was used to determine the existence of similarities or differences between the topographical characteristics of the historical localities and the new record. The first photographic record of the kit fox was obtained in one of the watering holes located within the Valle de los Cirios Flora and Fauna Protection Area. The analyses of variance confirmed that there are no significant differences between roughness (F(4, 780) = 0.11, P > 0.05), slope inclination (F(4, 1275) = 0.319, P > 0.05) and orientation (F(4, 15) = 0.41, P > 0.05), between the historical localities and the site where the new record was obtained. Other carnivores were also recorded in the watering hole, such as the cougar (Puma concolor), bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans) and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). The presence of the kit fox is likely occasional in the watering hole, because the slopes are greater than 10 degrees and, therefore, these sites are unsuitable for the construction of burrows. However, flat sites with sandy substrates that empty into the Gulf of California occur at a distance of less than 5 km from the watering hole, which are therefore suitable to be inhabited by the kit fox. the analysis of topographic variables of the historical records coupled with camera traps jointly confirmed that the site with the new record has characteristics that are suitable for the kit fox."

"La zorra norteña (Vulpes macrotis) habita en los suelos arenosos y pocos profundos de las planicies costeras del pacifico y de la ecorregión del desierto de San Felipe. Los reportes de esta especie son escasos y en México esta enlistada como una especie amenazada. Las poblaciones de V. macrotis tienden a disminuir por la transformación del hábitat a tierras agrícolas, la cual ha sido una de las causantes de la extirpación de poblaciones de zorra norteña en México. Como parte del proyecto “Caracterización de los cuerpos de agua en Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California”, se colocaron 12 cámaras trampa en seis aguajes que son visitados por la fauna silvestre de enero a agosto de 2015. Mediante modelos digitales de elevación del terreno se describieron tres variables: rugosidad, pendiente y orientación de las laderas, estas variables son esenciales para que la zorra norteña construya sus madrigueras, capture a sus presas y escape de sus depredadores. Los análisis también se realizaron en localidades que previamente se había registrado a este carnívoro en Baja California. Por medio de un análisis de varianza de una vía se determinó si existen similitudes o diferencias entre las características topográficas de las localidades históricas y el nuevo registro. En uno de los aguajes que se ubica dentro del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Valle de los Cirios, se obtuvo el primero registro fotográfico de la zorra norteña. Con los análisis de varianza se confirmó que no hay diferencias significativas entre la rugosidad (F(4, 780) = 0.11, P > 0.05), pendiente (F(4, 1275) = 0.319, P > 0.05) y orientación (F(4, 15) = 0.41, P > 0.05), entre las localidades históricas y el sitio donde se obtuvo el nuevo registro. En el aguaje también se registraron otro carnívoros, como el puma (Puma concolor), gato montés (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans) y zorra gris (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). La presencia de la zorra norteña posiblemente es ocasional en el aguaje, debido a que las pendientes en el lugar son mayores a 10 grados y por lo tanto estos sitios no son idóneos para la construcción de madrigueras. Sin embargo, a una distancia menor a 5 km del aguaje se encuentran sitios planos con sustratos arenosos que desembocan al Golfo de California, y por lo tanto son idóneos para que la zorra norteña sea residente de esos lugares..."

Vulpes macrotis, Baja California BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) MAMÍFEROS MAMÍFEROS

Vibrissa growth rate in California sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations

MARTHA PATRICIA ROSAS HERNANDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. In this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The δ15N and δ13C values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determination of the time period contained in each vibrissa; thus, time (age) was calculated in two ways: 1) based on the correlation between the observed number of peaks (Fourier series) in the δ15N profile and the length of each vibrissa, and 2) through direct comparison with the observed number of peaks in the δ15N profile. Cross-correlation confirmed that the two peaks in the δ15N profile reflected the two peaks in the chlorophyll-a concentration recorded annually around the island. The mean growth rate obtained from the correlation was 0.08 ± 0.01 mm d-1, while that calculated based on the observed number of peaks was 0.10 ± 0.05 mm d-1. Both are consistent with the rates reported for adult females of other otariid species (0.07 to 0.11 mm d-1). Vibrissa growth rates vary by individual, age, sex, and species; moreover, small differences in the growth rate can result in significant differences over the time periods represented by the isotopic signal. Thus, it is important to assess this parameter on a species-by-species basis. © 2018 Rosas-Hernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

carbon, nitrogen, animal, California, chemistry, diet, female, island (geological), Mexico, Otariidae, physiology, Animals, California, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Female, Islands, Mexico, Nitrogen Isotopes, Sea Lions CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

DINÁMICA DE ACUMULACIÓN DE ARSÉNICO EN RELACIÓN A OTROS ELEMENTOS TRAZA Y POLISACÁRIDOS DE LA PARED CELULAR DE Sargassum spp. DE ARRIBAZONES

Paulina Annette Ortega Flores (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

"La frecuencia e intensidad del fenómeno de arribazón de macroalgas marinas ha ido en aumento a nivel mundial. En el Caribe Mexicano, se ha identificado a especies pelágicas de algas pardas del género Sargassum como dominantes en estos arribazones. La gran cantidad de material que arriba a la costa ha resaltado la necesidad de generar información sobre la biología y composición química de las especies presentes en este fenómeno, la cual pueda ser incorporada en futuras estrategias sustentables de aprovechamiento de la biomasa arribada. En el presente estudio se determinaron las concentraciones totales de arsénico (As), cadmio (Cd), plomo (Pb), cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) en S. fluitans, S. natans I, S. natans VIII, recolectadas mensualmente durante un año, en Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México mediante Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica (EAA). Para As, se determinó el contenido de su especie química inorgánica (iAs) en los tres morfotipos mediante voltametría. Adicionalmente, en S. fluitans se determinó el contenido de alginato, fucoidano, ácidos urónicos y sulfatos y se identificaron las variables de contribución significativa en la acumulación de As a partir de un Modelo Lineal Generalizado (GLM). La presencia de As se detectó en el 100% de las muestras; seguido de Fe (98%), Zn (90%), Cu (78%), Pb (71%) y Cd (65%). Las concentraciones máximas obtenidas en las especies pelágicas de Sargassum fueron de 255.20 mg kg-1 para As, 3.75 mg kg-1 para Cd, 17.39 mg kg-1 para Pb, 6.44 mg kg-1 para Cu, 78.27 mg kg-1 para Fe y 33.25 mg kg-1 para Zn. En general, las concentraciones promedio de los elementos analizados se encuentran en rangos previamente reportados para algas pardas. Los elementos As, Cu, Fe y Pb presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre morfotipos, mientras que los elementos Cd y Zn no. El morfotipo S. natans VIII presentó las concentraciones más elevadas de As respecto a las especies S. fluitans y S. natans I, siendo la temporada de lluvias (julio a octubre) cuando se presentaron las concentraciones más elevadas de este elemento. En cuanto al iAs, este representó del 14.15% al 81.70 % del As total (TotAs), lo que corresponde a 12.69 mg kg-1 a 62. 93 mg kg-1..."

"The frequency and intensity of the seaweed massive influx and arrival phenomenon has been increasing globally. On Mexican shores, has been identified to pelagic species of brown algae of genus Sargassum as dominant in these events. The large amount of material that reaches to the coast, has highlighted the need to generate basic information about the biology and chemical composition of the species present in the arrival phenomenon to be incorporated into future sustainable strategies for the use of Sargassum biomass. In the present study, the total concentrations were determined for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in S. fluitans, S. natans I, S. natans VIII, collected monthly during one year, in Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico. For As, the content of its inorganic chemical species (iAs) was determined. Additionally, in S. fluitans the content of alginate, fucoidan, uronic acids and sulfates was determined and a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was developed to identify the variables of significant contribution in the accumulation of As. The presence of As was detected in 100% of the samples; followed by Fe (98%), Zn (90%), Cu (78%), Pb (71%) and Cd (65%). The maximum concentrations obtained in the pelagic Sargassum species were 255.20 mg kg-1 for As, 3.75 mg kg-1 for Cd, 17.39 mg kg-1 for Pb, 6.44 mg kg-1 for Cu, 78.27 mg kg-1 for Fe y 33.25 mg kg-1 for Zn. Mean concentrations are in ranges previously reported for brown algae. The elements As, Cu, Fe and Pb showed statistically significant differences between morphotypes, while the elements Cd and Zn did not. The S. natans VIII morphotype presented the highest As concentrations respect to S. fluitans and S. natans I species, being the rainy season (July to October) when the highest concentrations was presented. –Regard to iAs. this represented from 14.15% to 81.70% of the total As (TotAs) which corresponds to 12.69 mg kg-1 to 62. 93 mg kg-1. In S. fluitans, identified the variables: Cu, uronic acids and sulfates from fucoidan, as variables that contribute significantly to the accumulation of As. Monitoring of the diverse components of sargazo is important for the decision making regarding the safe use and exploitation of this resource, as well as, the generation of basic knowledge regarding the process of metal accumulation in Sargassum upwelling."

Mexican Caribbean, Massive influxes, macroalgae, heavy metals Caribe Mexicano, arribazones, macroalgas, metales pesados BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA QUÍMICA QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA METALES METALES

Vibrissa growth rate in California sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations

MARTHA PATRICIA ROSAS HERNANDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. In this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The δ15N and δ13C values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determination of the time period contained in each vibrissa; thus, time (age) was calculated in two ways: 1) based on the correlation between the observed number of peaks (Fourier series) in the δ15N profile and the length of each vibrissa, and 2) through direct comparison with the observed number of peaks in the δ15N profile. Cross-correlation confirmed that the two peaks in the δ15N profile reflected the two peaks in the chlorophyll-a concentration recorded annually around the island. The mean growth rate obtained from the correlation was 0.08 ± 0.01 mm d-1, while that calculated based on the observed number of peaks was 0.10 ± 0.05 mm d-1. Both are consistent with the rates reported for adult females of other otariid species (0.07 to 0.11 mm d-1). Vibrissa growth rates vary by individual, age, sex, and species; moreover, small differences in the growth rate can result in significant differences over the time periods represented by the isotopic signal. Thus, it is important to assess this parameter on a species-by-species basis. © 2018 Rosas-Hernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

carbon, nitrogen, animal, California, chemistry, diet, female, island (geological), Mexico, Otariidae, physiology, Animals, California, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Female, Islands, Mexico, Nitrogen Isotopes, Sea Lions BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNOLOGÍA

Modelo híbrido de sistemas energéticos para la evaluación del uso de energías renovables

Carlos Iván Torres González (2020, [Tesis de maestría])

En este trabajo proponemos un modelo híbrido para evaluar diferentes escenarios de generación de electricidad con energías renovables que maximiza el bienestar social desde la perspectiva económica contemplando un enfoque técnico sobre la estructura de costos de producción de electricidad. Adicionalmente, realizamos 2 simulaciones del modelo propuesto al sistema eléctrico de Baja California Sur para 10 períodos, contemplando 4 escenarios de producción limpia diferentes. De los resultados observados en ambas simulaciones podemos remarcar 2 puntos en términos de políticas públicas. El primer punto es la importancia de tener múltiples generadores que funcionen con combustibles renovables si se desea producir una proporción significativa de electricidad con FER. El segundo punto es el trade-off entre bienestar y emisiones de CO2. Los resultados sugieren que el aumento del consumo de electricidad es un elemento importante para aumentar el bienestar social. A su vez, el aumento de consumo eléctrico implica un aumento de producción, y por tanto un aumento de emisiones de CO2. Los resultados de la segunda simulación sugieren que con el aumento de la capacidad de generación limpia y costos eficientes, se pueden alcanzar niveles de bienestar casi iguales a los tradicionales, pero con la mitad de emisiones de CO2.

Electric power production -- Effect of renewable energy sources on -- Mexico -- Baja California Sur (State) -- 2015 -- Mathematical models. Carbon dioxide mitigation -- Effect of renewable energy sources on -- Mexico -- Baja California Sur (State) -- 2015 -- Mathematical models. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Fitorremediación asistida a través de bacterias, para suelos contaminados con metales pesados y plaguicidas

TANIA GÓMEZ MORALES (2023, [Otro, Trabajo terminal, especialidad])

El suelo es un recurso no renovable que nos proporciona diferentes beneficios, incluidos los servicios ecosistémicos. Sin embargo, actividades antropogénicas como la minería y la agricultura lo han contaminado. Las prácticas mineras y agrícolas liberan contaminantes como plaguicidas y metales pesados al suelo como contaminantes individuales o mezclas, generando importantes efectos adversos para el ambiente y la salud humana. Debido a esta problemática, se han desarrollado diferentes estrategias de remediación para sitios con presencia de estos co-contaminantes. Una de ellas es la fitorremediación asistida por bacterias, una técnica basada en la asociación de plantas y bacterias, donde ambos organismos se benefician y mejoran la eficiencia de la remediación.

Soil is a non-renewable resource that provides us with different benefits, including ecosystem services. However, anthropogenic activities such as mining and agriculture have contaminated it. Minery and agriculture practices release contaminants such as pesticides and heavy metals into the soil as individual pollutants or mixtures, generating important adverse environmental and human health effects. Due to this problem, different remediation strategies have been developed for sites with the presence of these co-contaminants; one of them is bacterial-assisted phytoremediation, a technique based on the association of plants and bacteria, where both organisms benefit and improve remediation efficiency.

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA suelo, fitorremediación, bacterias, plaguicidas, metales pesados, co-contaminados. soil, phytoremediation, bacteria, pesticides, heavy metals, co-contaminated

Climate change and the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) population in Baja California, Mexico

M. Concepción García-Aguilar (2018, [Artículo])

The Earth0s climate is warming, especially in the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) breeds and haul-outs on islands and the mainland of Baja California, Mexico, and California, U.S.A. At the beginning of the 21st century, numbers of elephant seals in California are increasing, but the status of Baja California populations is unknown, and some data suggest they may be decreasing. We hypothesize that the elephant seal population of Baja California is experiencing a decline because the animals are not migrating as far south due to warming sea and air temperatures. Here we assessed population trends of the Baja California population, and climate change in the region. The numbers of northern elephant seals in Baja California colonies have been decreasing since the 1990s, and both the surface waters off Baja California and the local air temperatures have warmed during the last three decades. We propose that declining population sizes may be attributable to decreased migration towards the southern portions of the range in response to the observed temperature increases. Further research is needed to confirm our hypothesis; however, if true, it would imply that elephant seal colonies of Baja California and California are not demographically isolated which would pose challenges to environmental and management policies between Mexico and the United States. © 2018 García-Aguilar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

air temperature, article, Baja California, climate change, human, Mirounga angustirostris, nonhuman, population size, warming, animal, ecosystem, environmental protection, Mexico, Phocidae, population density, population migration, temperature, Anima CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA