Can I speak to the manager? The gender dynamics of decision-making in Kenyan maize plots

Rachel Voss Zachary Gitonga Jason Donovan Mariana Garcia-Medina Pauline Muindi (2023, [Artículo])

Gender and social inclusion efforts in agricultural development are focused on making uptake of agricultural technologies more equitable. Yet research looking at how gender relations influence technology uptake often assumes that men and women within a household make farm management decisions as individuals. Relatively little is understood about the dynamics of agricultural decision-making within dual-adult households where individuals’ management choices are likely influenced by others in the household. This study used vignettes to examine decision-making related to maize plot management in 698 dual-adult households in rural Kenya. The results indicated a high degree of joint management of maize plots (55%), although some management decisions—notably those related to purchased inputs—were slightly more likely to be controlled by men, while other decisions—including those related to hiring of labor and maize end uses—were more likely to be made by women. The prevalence of joint decision-making underscores the importance of ensuring that both men’s and women’s priorities and needs are reflected in design and marketing of interventions to support maize production, including those related to seed systems, farmer capacity building, and input delivery.

Intrahousehold Jointness CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER HOUSEHOLDS MAIZE SEED SYSTEMS DECISION MAKING

SENTIDOS ASOCIADOS AL USO DE LAS CRIPTOMONEDAS EN LA CDMX: UNA EXPLORACIÓN DESDE LA ANTROPOLOGÍA SEMIÓTICA

Triana Carrillo Aguilar (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

“El dinero suele definirse como un medio de intercambio socialmente aceptado que facilita las transacciones. Aunque estos elementos cumplen con el orden explicativo del signo, el dinero y su uso es portador de diferentes sentidos. En 1914 Marcel Mauss se dio a la tarea de buscar las formas más primitivas y simples en las que se hubiera representado la noción de moneda o dinero en las distintas sociedades, identificando objetos como la sal o los metales preciosos, pasando por representaciones materiales de diversa índole. Actualmente, el dinero y la moneda han cambiado de forma, algunas tan complejas y abstractas como el dinero electrónico o las criptomonedas. Partiendo de la premisa de Mauss (1914), ¿podríamos pensar que estamos hablando de nociones más elevadas de la representación del dinero gracias a lo complejo de su tecnología? ¿Qué ha cambiado? A las criptomonedas no las podemos ver, ni tocar, ni sentir, ni oler (a diferencia del papel moneda), no obstante, significan. Esta investigación aborda el tema del dinero, la moneda y las criptomonedas, específicamente se enfoca en el uso y percepción delas criptomonedas en la Ciudad de México, de acuerdo con las experiencias de integrantes de las comunidades que se han formado a partir del uso, o la búsqueda de orientación y aprendizaje colectivos, como una red de interlocutores. Por medio de su producción discursiva colectiva e individual, examino cómo se ha ido generando y articulando una economía en torno al uso de las criptomonedas y a las prácticas asociadas a estas. El trabajo de campo, digital y convencional, realizado en la Ciudad de México entre abril y diciembre de 2022, me permitió describir y analizar etnográficamente a comunidades y usuarios individuales de criptomonedas, para explorar cuáles son los posibles sentidos generados por el uso de criptomonedas y qué factores intervienen en ello”.

Criptomoneda. Bitcoin. Inclusión financiera. Medios de pago. Inversión. Tesis - Maestría en Antropología Social, CDMX. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA DINERO Y OPERACIONES BANCARIAS DINERO Y OPERACIONES BANCARIAS

Determinantes tecnológicos de las decisiones de inversión: un análisis de la industria manufacturera mexicana

Technological determinants and investment decisions: a Mexican manufacturing industry analysis

CELINA LOPEZ MATEO SANJUANA MARTHA RIOS MANRIQUEZ RUBEN MOLINA SANCHEZ (2015, [Artículo])

En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de determinantes tecnológicos en las decisiones de inversión de las empresas manufactureras mexicanas. Se utilizan estimaciones de eficiencia obtenidas a partir del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA, por sus siglas en inglés), así como indicadores tecnológicos para las regresiones a través de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO). El análisis se realiza partiendo de datos de corte transversal. La evidencia empírica sugiere que la eficiencia técnica a partir de los factores productivos capital y trabajo puede incentivar los niveles de inversión.

The influence of technological determinants on the investment decisions of Mexican manufacturing firms is discussed in this work. Efficiency estimates obtained from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and technology indicators for the regressions through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) are used to develop the study. The analysis is based on cross-sectional data. Empirical evidence suggests that the technological efficiency that arises from productive factors (capital and labor) may encourage investment.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Inversión Tecnología Manufactura Investment Technology Manufacture

Heat-tolerant maize for rainfed hot, dry environments in the lowland tropics: from breeding to improved seed delivery

Pervez Zaidi vinayan mt Sudha Nair Prakash Kuchanur Ayyanagouda Patil Atul Kulkarni Prasanna Boddupalli (2023, [Artículo])

Lowland Tropics CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE DROUGHT HEAT STRESS LOWLAND MAIZE VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT

Maintenance of Coastal Surface Blooms by Surface Temperature Stratification and Wind Drift

MARY CARMEN RUIZ DE LA TORRE (2013, [Artículo])

Algae blooms are an increasingly recurrent phenomenon of potentially socio-economic impact in coastal waters globally and in the coastal upwelling region off northern Baja California, Mexico. In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regularly found positive Near Surface Temperature Stratification (NSTS), the resulting density stratification is expected to reduce the frictional coupling of the surface layer from deeper waters and allow for its more efficient wind transport. We propose that the net transport of the top layer of approximately 2.7 kilometers per day towards the coast helps maintain surface blooms of slow growing dinoflagellate such as Lingulodinium polyedrum. We measured: near surface stratification with a free-rising CTD profiler, trajectories of drifter buoys with attached thermographs, wind speed and direction, velocity profiles via an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Chlorophyll and cell concentration from water samples and vertical migration using sediment traps. The ADCP and drifter data agree and show noticeable current shear within the first meters of the surface where temperature stratification and high cell densities of L. polyedrum were found during the day. Drifters with 1m depth drogue moved towards the shore, whereas drifters at 3 and 5 m depth showed trajectories parallel or away from shore. A small part of the surface population migrated down to the sea floor during night thus reducing horizontal dispersion. The persistent transport of the surface bloom population towards shore should help maintain the bloom in favorable environmental conditions with high nutrients, but also increasing the potential socioeconomic impact of the blooms. The coast wise transport is not limited to blooms but includes all dissolved and particulate constituents in surface waters. © 2013 Ruiz-de la Torre et al.

chlorophyll, algal bloom, article, cell count, cell density, coastal waters, controlled study, dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium polyedrum, meteorological phenomena, Mexico, near surface temperature stratification, nonhuman, nutrient concentration, popul CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

A twelve years story of waste of social resources: The Mexico-Toluca Interurban Train

Rubén Chavarín (2024, [Artículo, Artículo])

The general objective of this paper is to make an ex-post evaluation of the Mexico-Toluca Interurban Train project (TIMT) more than nine years after the beginning of its construction stage. The present study is based on the cost-benefit analysis approach, through which some analysis scenarios have been built and whose results are contrasted with the official project evaluations. The present research has focused on the analysis of the TIMT as a microcosm of the scarce efficiency of public investment in Mexico, resulting in a waste of social resources. According to the results of the study, the combination of delays and cost overruns (186% in nominal terms, 114% in real terms, and 90% in dollars) has configured a project (across two Federal Government Administrations) with negative social profitability, with losses valued at more than 550 million dollars, placing it in the most problematic quartile of train projects in the world.

cost-benefit analysis ex-post evaluation public investment transport projects Latin America análisis costo-beneficio evaluación ex-post inversión pública proyectos de transporte América Latina CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

COORDINATED CONTROL OF A 6-DOF ROBOTIC MANIPULATOR EMPLOYING VIRTUAL MODELS OF ITS ACTUATORS

Jessica Villalobos (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

"This study proposes a scheme that combines the model reference control with the internal model control to impose a first-order behavior on the speed control system of direct current motors. This scheme is used as the internal loop to control the position of a model to use it as the reference for the physical motor.

This work also presents an inverse kinematic solution for the UR5 and algorithms to choose angles that do not lead to singularities. These algorithms can be used in independent joint control schemes such as the one proposed in this document."

Internal model control Model reference control Independent joint control Direct current motor UR5 manipulator Inverse kinematics INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Resolución de disputas comerciales y flujos de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) hacia los Estados Mexicanos

MITZI MAGALI MORENO VARGAS MANUEL DE JESUS GOMEZ ZALDIVAR (2018, [Artículo])

En este trabajo se analiza la relación existente entre los flujos de IED que reciben los distintos estados del país, y el estado de derecho en las entidades, para el periodo 2007-2015. El estado de derecho en las entidades se aproxima con una medida de eficiencia de su sistema de justicia; específicamente, se mide el número de días que toma resolver disputas comerciales en cortes locales. En principio, un menor tiempo en la resolución judicial de las disputas debería incentivar que las entidades reciban mayores flujos de IED; esto debido a que los procesos judiciales tienen costos, potencialmente importantes para las empresas. Los resultados muestran una relación negativa y significativa entre el número de días que toma resolver las disputas comerciales y la cantidad de inversión extranjera directa que recibe el estado

In this work, we analyze the relationship between FDI flows and a rule of law indicator in Mexican states, during the period 2007-2015. The states’ rule of law is a measure of the efficiency in their justice system; specifically, it measures the number of days that takes to solve commercial disputes in local courts. In principle, we expect that the shorter the time it takes to resolve commercial disputes should encourage entities to receive higher flows of FDI. Long, drawn-out court disputes are costly for firms, which in turn may translate into lower growth rates due to the negative impact of these costs on their levels of investment. The results show a negative and significant relationship between the number of days it takes to resolve commercial disputes and the amount of direct foreign investment the state receives

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Inversión extranjera directa Sistema de Justicia Datos de panel

Nitrogen deficiency tolerance and responsiveness of durum wheat genotypes in Ethiopia

Tesfaye Geleta Aga Kebebew Assefa Bekele Abeyo (2022, [Artículo])

Low-Nitrogen Tolerance Yield Reduction Tolerant Genotypes Parental Donors CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA NITROGEN HARD WHEAT GENOTYPES

GENERAL STUDY OF CLASSICAL AND NONCLASSICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF TWO PHOTON ABSORPTION PROCESS IN ORGANIC MOLECULES

Freiman Estiven Triana Arango (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

"Two-photon absorption (TPA), a nonlinear optical phenomenon, is gaining attention for applications like laser scanning, microscopy, and therapy. Recent research explores entangled two photon absorption (ETPA) using correlated photons but faces debates regarding its magnitude and detection. This study introduces a novel method using changes in Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferogram visibility to probe ETPA's presence. It employs Rhodamine B dye and entangled photons at around 800nm to investigate conditions conducive to observing ETPA-induced changes. This innovative approach distinguishes genuine ETPA signals from linear optical losses often masquerading as ETPA effects, addressing a significant field challenge."

Two-photon absorption Entangled two-photon absorption Hong-Ou-Mandel HOM dip visibility Joint Spectral Intensity Entangled photons CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA ÓPTICA OPTICA NO LINEAL OPTICA NO LINEAL