Lo fantástico más allá de la vacilación: la representación mimética del miedo en dos cuentos de Bioy Casares y Cortázar

ANDREAS KURZ ESSMEISTER (2014, [Artículo])

El artículo revisa algunos conceptos y definiciones de lo fantástico literario y pretende diferenciarlo de lo postulado por el realismo mágico y lo real maravilloso. Se proponen como textos clave al respecto el libro de Franz Roh que da nombre al realismo mágico, la historia de la literatura fantástica por H. P. Lovecraft, así como la tesis de 'das Unheimliche' de S. Freud. A manera de hipótesis establecemos el carácter mimético de la literatura fantástica que en primer lugar representa el miedo. Nos dirigimos contra la idea de la vacilación expuesta por Todorov. Finalmente pretendemos mediante el análisis de dos cuentos canónicos testar nuestra hipótesis.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Literatura fantástica Realismo mágico Real maravilloso Adolfo Bioy Casares (1914-1999) Julio Cortázar (1914-1984)

Plants of the Popol vuh, the sacred book of the Maya

Plantas del Popol Vuh, el libro sagrado de los Mayas

CANDELARIA ISABEL PEREZ MARTIN SIGFREDO EDMUNDO ESCALANTE REBOLLEDO SILVIA VERGARA YOISURA FRANCISCO ALFONSO LARQUE SAAVEDRA (2022, [Artículo])

A compilation of the plants mentioned in the sacred book of the Mayans Popol Vuh, recognized as the framework of their cosmogony that was written in the K’iche’ area in Guatemala around the year 1550 was made. Thirty-two different species were identified, from 21 plant families, all native to Mesoamerica. The largest number of species was in Fabaceae with four species, Moraceae and Solanaceae with three species each, in addition to Bromeliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae and Poaceae with two species each. The five most important and frequently named species are maize (Zea mays), jícaro (Crescentia cujete), copal (Protium copal), rubber (Castilla elastica) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Eleven species were identified, such as pito wood (Erythrina berteroana) and zibak (Cyperus canus), considered of cosmogonic significance and food plants that are integrated into five groups: fruit trees [zapote (Manilkara zapota), nance (Byrsonima crassifolia), jocote (Spondias mombin), anona (Annona reticulata), matasano (Casimiroa edulis)], grains and seeds [maize, beans (Phaseolus lunatus), cocoa, pataxte (Theobroma bicolor)], vegetables [squash (Cucurbita moschata), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), chilacayote (Cucurbita ficifolia)], flavourings [chili (Capsicum annuum)], and beverages [maguey (Agave americana)]. Seven species were domesticated: maize, squash, chilacayote, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), beans, tomato and cocoa and others for medicinal purposes, fuel and instruments. The description of the creation of man asserts the close relationship of the Mayan culture with plant biodiversity; moreover, the famous milpa, a multi-species Mesoamerican agroecosystem is mentioned that was practiced by their gods © 2022. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana.All Rights Reserved.

COSMOGONY MILPA PLANT FAMILIES POPOL VUH SACRED BOOK SPECIES BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) PALEOBOTÁNICA PALEOBOTÁNICA

Does access to improved grain storage technology increase farmers' welfare? Experimental evidence from maize farming in Ethiopia

Hugo De Groote Bart Minten (2024, [Artículo])

Seasonal price variability for cereals is two to three times higher in Africa than on the international reference market. Seasonality is even more pronounced when access to appropriate storage and opportunities for price arbitrage are limited. As smallholder farmers typically sell their production after harvest, when prices are low, this leads to lower incomes as well as higher food insecurity during the lean season, when prices are high. One solution to reduce seasonal stress is the use of improved storage technologies. Using data from a randomised controlled trial, in a major maize-growing region of Western Ethiopia, we study the impact of hermetic bags, a technology that protects stored grain against insect pests, so that the grain can be stored longer. Despite considerable price seasonality—maize prices in the lean season are 36% higher than after harvesting—we find no evidence that hermetic bags improve welfare, except that access to these bags allowed for a marginally longer storage period of maize intended for sale by 2 weeks. But this did not translate into measurable welfare gains as we found no changes in any of our welfare outcome indicators. This ‘near-null’ effect is due to the fact that maize storage losses in our study region are relatively lower than previous studies suggested—around 10% of the quantity stored—likely because of the widespread use of an alternative to protect maize during storage, for example a cheap but highly toxic fumigant. These findings are important for policies that seek to promote improved storage technologies in these settings.

Hermetic Storage Randomised Controlled Trial CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA STORAGE PILOT FARMS SEASONALITY WELFARE MAIZE

Hymenopteran parasitoid complex and fall armyworm: a case study in eastern India

Tapamay Dhar PRATEEK MADHAB BHATTACHARYA Mahesh Gathala Alison Laing (2024, [Artículo])

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has significantly affected maize crop yields, production efficiency, and farmers’ incomes in the Indian Eastern Gangetic Plains region since it was first observed in India in 2018. A lack of awareness by maize growers of the appropriate selection, method, and timing of insecticide application not only creates a barrier to sustainable FAW control but also contributes to increased environmental pollution, reduced human health and increased production costs. We demonstrated that FAW inflicted the most damage in early whorl growth stage of maize, regardless of whether chemical insecticides were applied. FAW egg masses and larvae collected from maize fields in which no insecticides had been sprayed showed high parasitism rates by parasitoid wasps; in contrast fields that had been sprayed had much lower rates of parasitism on FAW. Ten hymenopteran parasitoids were observed in maize fields across the study region, suggesting a diversity of natural methods to suppress FAW in maize at different growth stages. These included two FAW egg parasitoids and eight FAW larval parasitoids. Microplitis manilae Ashmead was the most abundant FAW larval parasitoid species, and Telenomus cf. remus was the dominant FAW egg parasitoid species. Endemic FAW parasitoids such as those observed in this study have great potential as part of a sustainable, cost-effective agroecological management strategy, which can be integrated with other methods to achieve effective control of FAW.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FALL ARMYWORMS MAIZE INSECTICIDES INSECT CONTROL

Los programas de medicina de precisión y los desafíos para la gestión de la salud pública

Guillermo Foladori Guillermo Foladori (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Varios países iniciaron programas para el desarrollo de medicina de precisión. Con miles o millones de datos de salud, priorizando los mapas genéticos, mediante inteligencia artificial se elaboran algoritmos que identifican subpoblaciones con susceptibilidad a determinadas enfermedades para luego establecer la correspondencia farmacogenómica con las medicinas adecuadas. Este artículo realiza una acotada caracterización de esta propuesta y sistematiza aspectos críticos para su implementación desde una perspectiva de salud pública. Dados los argumentos expuestos, resulta probable que la medicina personalizada lleve a una mayor desigualdad entre países y regiones y al interior de los diferentes sectores sociales.

Medicina de precisión Inteligencia artificial Farmacogenómica Tendencias socioeconómicas CIENCIAS SOCIALES; INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA; MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS SOCIALES INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD

Effectiveness of R1-nj anthocyanin marker in the identification of in vivo induced maize haploid embryos

Manje Gowda Prasanna Boddupalli Kanwarpal Dhugga Vijay Chaikam (2023, [Artículo])

R1-nj Marker Embryo Rescue False Positives False Detection Rate False Negative Rate CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DOUBLED HAPLOIDS MAIZE BREEDING PROGRAMMES INBRED LINES CROPS

Empleo femenino, pobreza y género en dos localidades rurales de Yucatán.

LUCELY CARMINIA CONTRERAS UC (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

El propósito de la investigación versa en torno al análisis de las causas de la integración laboral de las mujeres y las consecuencias que tiene en los hogares su participación laboral. La investigación empírica utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto y fue en dos etapas: en la primera se utilizaron los métodos cuantitativo y cualitativo, se realizó la encuesta por muestreo de conglomerados de una proporción poblacional y se recopilaron los testimonios de las mujeres consideradas, al momento de la entrevista, informantes clave. Se hicieron 56 entrevistas en Bokobá y 78 en Teya; el 30% de las mujeres encuestadas expusieron argumentos desde sus subjetividades. El análisis de la información cuantitativa se realizó en Excel y SPSS, la cualitativa en ATLAS.ti. La segunda etapa fue desde un enfoque cualitativo; se utilizó la guía de entrevista y el muestreo fue mixto. Se realizaron 24 entrevistas, el 50% correspondió a cada localidad de estudio. La información se analizó en el programa ATLAS.ti. Se encontró que en Bokobá las mujeres tienen mayor participación laboral en comparación con las de Teya. En ambas localidades rurales, las principales variables que influyen en el empleo de las mujeres son la educación y el estado civil. Los empleos en los que generalmente se aglomeran son como trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas. El que las mujeres se empleen es importante, porque con sus ingresos contribuyen a reducir la pobreza en sus hogares y coadyuvan a fortalecer su voz para la toma de decisiones familiares. Se concluye que los habitantes de Teya tienen mayor arraigo cultural a las normas patriarcales en el hogar, en comparación con los de Bokobá, lo que explica la menor integración laboral de las mujeres y refuerza el alto índice de pobreza de la localidad. Además de mantener casi intacta la división sexual del trabajo en los hogares.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Empleo femenino Pobreza Familia Mercados de trabajo Mujeres rurales

Visualising the pattern of long-term genotype performance by leveraging a genomic prediction model

Vivi Arief Ian Delacy Thomas Payne Kaye Basford (2022, [Artículo])

Factor Analytic Genotype-By-Year Historical Data Relationship Matrix CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENOTYPES PLANT BREEDING SPRING WHEAT RESEARCH

Impact of different on-farm management practices on bread wheat quality: a case study in the Yaqui Valley

Facundo Tabbita Iván Ortíz-Monasterios Francisco Javier Pinera-Chavez Maria Itria Ibba Carlos Guzman (2023, [Artículo])

BACKGROUND: Continuous development of new wheat varieties is necessary to satisfy the demands of farmers, industry, and consumers. The evaluation of candidate genotypes for commercial release under different on-farm conditions is a strategy that has been strongly recommended to assess the performance and stability of new cultivars in heterogeneous environments and under different farming systems. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the grain yield and quality performance of ten different genotypes across six contrasting farmers' field conditions with different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization levels, and to develop suggestions to aid breeding programs and farmers to use resources more efficiently. Genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) interaction biplot analyses were used to identify the genotypes with the strongest performance and greatest stability in the Yaqui Valley. RESULTS: Analyses showed that some traits were mainly explained by the genotype effect, others by the field management conditions, and the rest by combined effects. The most representative and diverse field conditions in the Yaqui Valley were also identified, a useful strategy when breeders have limited resources. The independent effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels and their interaction were analyzed for each trait. The results showed that full irrigation was not always necessary to maximize grain yield in the Yaqui Valley. Other suggestions for more efficient use of resources are proposed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of on-farm trials with GGE interaction analyses is an effective strategy to include in breeding programs to improve processes and resources. Identifying the most outstanding and stable genotypes under real on-farm systems is key to the development of novel cultivars adapted to different management and environmental conditions.

Wheat Quality Bread Wheat Bread-Making CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SOFT WHEAT QUALITY FARMING SYSTEMS

Innovative approaches to integrating gender into conventional maize breeding: lessons from the Seed Production Technology for Africa project

Rachel Voss Jill Cairns Michael Olsen Esnath Tatenda Hamadziripi (2023, [Artículo])

The integration of gender concerns in crop breeding programs aims to improve the suitability and appeal of new varieties to both women and men, in response to concerns about unequal adoption of improved seed. However, few conventional breeding programs have sought to center social inclusion concerns. This community case study documents efforts to integrate gender into the maize-focused Seed Production Technology for Africa (SPTA) project using innovation history analysis drawing on project documents and the authors’ experiences. These efforts included deliberate exploration of potential gendered impacts of project technologies and innovations in the project’s approach to variety evaluation, culminating in the use of decentralized on-farm trials using the tricot approach. Through this case study, we illustrate the power of active and respectful collaborations between breeders and social scientists, spurred by donor mandates to address gender and social inclusion. Gender integration in this case was further facilitated by open-minded project leaders and allocation of funding for gender research. SPTA proved to be fertile ground for experimentation and interdisciplinary collaboration around gender and maize breeding, and has provided proof of concept for larger breeding projects seeking to integrate gender considerations.

Crop Breeding On-Farm Trials Tricot CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER CROPS BREEDING ON-FARM RESEARCH SOCIAL INCLUSION CITIZEN SCIENCE MAIZE