Organización social y producción en la cuenca del río Papaloapan

Daniel Murillo Licea Eduardo López Ramírez (2005, [Capítulo de libro])

Este documento da cuenta de la situación actual de los diversos grupos productivos de la Cuenca del Papaloapan. Más que un análisis de su situación, ofrece un reflejo de los problemas productivos y ambientales, así como de las condiciones sociales y organizativas de los actores sociales en un entorno con amplias posibilidades de desarrollo pese a las actuales condiciones de deterioro ambiental. Conviene aclarar que el trabajo realizado en la cuenca sólo se limitó a la parte que corresponde al estado de Veracruz y, por lo tanto, la información que lo nutre surge de diversos recorridos por esta región del Papaloapan. Además de la observación directa, se realizaron 44 entrevistas a diversos actores sociales con el objeto de identificar las principales percepciones sobre problemas en la zona.

Desarrollo económico Condiciones sociales Impacto ambiental Organizaciones sociales CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Facile synthesis of a TiO2-Al2O3-GnPs compound and its application in the photocatalytic degradation of Diuron

Alina De J. Zurita Yduarte Diana J. Gallegos Hernández URIEL ALEJANDRO SIERRA GOMEZ GLADIS JUDITH LABRADA DELGADO SALVADOR FERNANDEZ TAVIZON Pedro Jesús Herrera Franco SRINIVAS GODAVARTHI JOSE GILBERTO TORRES TORRES ADRIAN CERVANTES URIBE CLAUDIA GUADALUPE ESPINOSA GONZALEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"New ternary materials TiO2-Al2O3-GnPs (TAG) were prepared by using an innocuous sol-gel method with a slight modification for the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs), under room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The materials TiO2-Al2O3-GnPs were prepared with variations of concentration between 0.05 and 1 wt % of GnPs. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, textural properties by N2 physisorption, morphology by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and a chemical species analysis was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of each material was evaluated in the degradation of a model molecule, Diuron, a carcinogenic and cytotoxic herbicide used in farm fields. To determine reaction selectivity and mineralization degree, the photocatalytic reaction was monitored by using UV-Vis spectroscopy and total organic carbon (TOC). In samples with higher GnPs’ concentration, a good enough specific surface area of up to 379 m2/g was observed, and reduced band gap energy (2.8 eV) with respect to TiO2 and mixed oxide (3.2 and 3.1 eV respectively), was obtained. These resulting properties were the key indicator so that the materials could be applied as photocatalysts. In the photocatalytic activity determination, TAG-0.75 was the sample that showed the best results with respect to the mixed oxide; the highest photocatalytic conversion, the reduced average life time, and increased mineralization and reaction selectivity."

Graphene nanoplatelets Mixed oxides Sol-gel Photocatalytic degradation BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA QUÍMICA QUÍMICA

El municipio como proveedor de servicios públicos en Michoacán: un estudio de la eficiencia a través del análisis de la envolvente de datos (DEA)

Julio César Morán Figueroa (2018, [Tesis de maestría])

Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales. Maestría en Políticas Públicas

The municipal public services are activities carried out by the governments of the municipalities in order to satisfy collective needs. From an economic conception we can understand municipal governments as production units, which make use of their own inputs (resources) to generate a set of outputs (public services) that meet the needs of consumers (inhabitants of the municipality). This process of production of public services has an immediate impact on the quality of life of citizens. For this reason it becomes essential to estimate the efficiency in the use that municipal governments make of public resources to provide basic services of collective interest. The objective of this research is to identify the degree of efficiency of municipal governments in the use of investment expenditure and the cost of personal services in the provision of public lighting services, garbage collection and public safety to citizens of the state of Michoacán in the year 2014. In order to achieve this objective, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used, through which an efficiency frontier was estimated that allowed calculating the efficiency levels of the 113 municipalities of Michoacán to produce public services. An additional benefit of the DEA method is that it generates additional information (slacks variables) to propose to the inefficient municipalities improvement actions based on the results of the efficient municipalities. The results of the model showed that only 22 municipalities (19.47% of the total) had a degree of efficiency of 100% in the management of their resources for the production of municipal public services. From the results, various improvement actions are proposed based on the slacks variables so that the inefficient municipalities improve their policies regarding public services.

Los servicios públicos municipales son actividades que llevan a cabo los gobiernos de los municipios con el fin de satisfacer necesidades colectivas. Desde una concepción económica podemos entender a los gobiernos municipales como unidades de producción, que hacen uso de sus propios inputs (recursos) para generar un conjunto de outputs (servicios públicos) que satisfacen las necesidades de los consumidores (habitantes del municipio). Este proceso de producción de servicios públicos repercute de forma inmediata en la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Por tal razón se vuelve imprescindible la medición de la eficiencia en el uso que los gobiernos municipales hacen de los recursos públicos para proveer servicios básicos de interés colectivo. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en identificar el grado de eficiencia de los gobiernos municipales en la utilización del gasto de inversión y del gasto de servicios personales en la provisión de los servicios de alumbrado público, recolección de basura y seguridad pública a los ciudadanos del estado de Michoacán en el año 2014. Para lograr este objetivo se utilizó el método del Análisis de la Envolvente de Datos (DEA), a través del cual, se estimó una frontera de eficiencia que permitió calcular los niveles de eficiencia de los 113 municipios de Michoacán para producir servicios públicos. Una bondad adicional del método DEA es que genera información adicional (variables slacks) para proponer a los municipios ineficientes acciones de mejora a partir de los resultados de los municipios eficientes. Los resultados del modelo arrojaron que solo 22 municipios tuvieron un grado de eficiencia del 100% en el manejo de sus recursos para la producción de servicios públicos municipales. De los resultados se proponen diversas acciones de mejora a partir de las variables slacks para que los municipios ineficientes mejoren sus políticas en materia de servicios públicos.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES ININEE-M-2018-0659 Método DEA Gobiernos municipales Inputs Outputs

Multi-trait, multi-environment deep learning modeling for genomic-enabled prediction of plant traits

Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez Jose Crossa Francisco Javier Martin Vallejo (2018, [Artículo])

Deep Learning Genomic Prediction Bayesian Modeling Shared Data Resources CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BAYESIAN THEORY RESOURCES DATA BREEDING PROGRAMMES

Efficacy of pre- and post-emergence herbicide combinations on weed control in no-till mechanically transplanted rice

PRATEEK MADHAB BHATTACHARYA Apurba Chowdhury Tapamay Dhar Md. Saiful Islam Alison Laing Mahesh Gathala (2022, [Artículo])

Mechanized Transplanted Rice Weed Biomass Weed Density Weed Control Efficiency CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA HERBICIDES WEED CONTROL RICE ZERO TILLAGE MECHANIZATION

LUCHAS EN DEFENSA DE LA VIDA. CRIMINALIZACIÓN COMO ESTRATEGIA NECROPOLÍTICA EN CONTRA DE LAS Y LOS LIDERES SOCIALES DEL CONGRESO DE LOS PUEBLOS

Julián Andrés Gil Reyes (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

"Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar los procesos de criminalización desarrollados contra un líder y una lideresa social del congreso de los pueblos de las regiones de Arauca y sur de Bolívar durante el periodo 2015-2022, buscando comprender las estrategias necropolítica de criminalización y judicialización que han vivido y las duras amenazas que actualmente enfrentan contra sus vidas. Esta tesis es entonces un esfuerzo por narrar la realidad de las y los líderes sociales en Colombia desde su propia voz, un tema que ha sido poco explorado desde los espacios académicos, dados los altos riesgos para la vida que representa la denuncia o investigación de estos temas. Sin embargo, es imperativo ético, académico y político aportar estas reflexiones que pueden ser significativas para los movimientos sociales de Colombia y otros lugares que padecen situaciones similares, así mismo ubica una pieza más en el puente entre la academia y los movimientos sociales".

Movimientos sociales - Colombia. Organizaciones sociales - Colombia. Tesis - Maestría en Antropología Social, Pacífico Sur. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA DERECHOS HUMANOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

Universal fixation system for pad printing of plastic parts

JOSE ALEJANDRO FERNANDEZ RAMIREZ (2023, [Artículo])

Pad printing is used in automotive, medical, electrical and other industries, employing diverse materials to transfer a 2D image onto a 3D object with different sizes and geometries. This work presents a universal fixation system for pad printing of plastic parts (UFSP4) in response to the needs of small companies that cannot afford to invest in the latest technological advances. The UFSP4 comprises two main subsystems: a mechanical support system (i.e., support structure, jig matrix and braking system) and a control system (i.e., an electronic system and an electric-hydraulic system). A relevant feature is the combination of a jig matrix and jig pins to fixate complex workpieces with different sizes. Using finite element analysis (FEA), in the mesh convergence, the total displacement converges to 0.00028781 m after 12,000 elements. The maximum equivalent stress value is 1.22 MPa for the polycarbonate plate in compliance with the safety factor. In a functionality test of the prototype performed in a production environment for one hour, the jigs fixed by the plate did not loosen, maintaining the satisfactory operation of the device. This is consistent with the displacement distribution of the creep analysis and shows the absence of the creep phenomenon. Based on FEA that underpinned the structural health computation of the braking system, the prototype was designed and built, seeking to ensure a reliable and safe device to fixate plastic parts, showing portability, low-cost maintenance and adaptability to the requirements of pad printing of automotive plastic parts.

Use of AI tools declaration: The authors declare they have not used Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the creation of this article.

Acknowledgments: To the company Plásticos Decorados and Centro de Tecnología Avanzada (CIATEQ A.C.) for the facilities and support to carry out this work. To the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT) for a Ph.D. scholarship support number 500839 and CONAHCYT SNI.

Conflict of interest: The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.

Modular fixtures Jig matrix Prototype design Pad printing Fixture methods INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Transparencia y rendición de cuentas en la deuda pública municipal. Modelo de coherencia entre políticas y coordinación institucional para el estudio de casos: Hermosillo, Cajeme y Nogales, 2006-2016

LUIS ERNESTO FLORES FONTES (2019, [Tesis de doctorado])

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Deuda pública Finanzas municipales Finanzas públicas Hermosillo Cajeme Nogales Transparencia en el gobierno

Wheat seed demand assessment assisted by genotyping in Ethiopia

Moti Jaleta Kindie Tesfaye Olaf Erenstein (2023, [Artículo])

This study examines the extent to which wheat varieties supplied by the formal seed system align with the varieties demanded and used by farmers in Ethiopia. The framework of stated and revealed preferences drawn from the consumer preference theory is used to analyze farmer demand for different wheat varieties. We used official data from the formal seed sector and representative survey data from wheat farm households in Ethiopia. The survey data allow to contrast the farmer reported varietal use with genotyping by sequencing (also known as DNA fingerprinting). Farmers' reliance on informal seed sources and own saved seed, among others, contributes to the misidentification of the varieties they grow. Consequently, farmers are likely to misinform the formal seed demand assessment leading to either an over- or underestimation of actual seed demand for specific wheat varieties. Genotyping by sequencing, as opposed to farmer reports, established the persistence of old varieties. This also implies vulnerability of wheat production to disease dynamics depending on the longevity of disease resistance by the variety in use. Apart from narrowing the gap between the actual and stated demand and ensuring timely replacement of wheat varieties, genotyping-assisted estimates can save seed carry-over cost. Genotyping by sequencing is increasingly used as the new benchmark and gold standard for identifying and tracking the adoption of crop varieties. The technique has potential to enhance the performance of the seed sector through effective planning that can optimize resource commitments and accelerate the rate of varietal replacement.

Seed Demand Varietal Replacement CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENOTYPING-BY-SEQUENCING SEEDS WHEAT

Local markets and food security. The case of the Milpera and Puuc regions in Yucatan

Ana Laura Bojórquez Carrillo Monserrat Vargas Jiménez Mireya Noemi Hernández Islas (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Food insecurity is a complex problem worldwide. A major part of this problem is the food supply. Local markets can represent a strategy for building social capital, as well as strategies for subsistence and sustainability of food value chains, contributing to food security and its effects. The objective of this research is to determine if the existence of a municipal market in the Milpera and Puuc regions of Yucatán favors the existence of food security, the consumption or the expense of natural foods. The population is located in 18 municipalities of Yucatán, Mexico. To carry out this study, a cross-sectional, non-experimental study, with a quantitative approach and correlational scope. The main techniques that were applied were descriptive statistics and contingency tables with respect to 6 hypotheses. This work shows that the existence of markets in the communities makes a significant difference because it positively impacts the food security of the inhabitants, since it allows them to have access to a wider variety of products and at the same time, favors the active dynamics of the economy of the community.

Local markets Food safety Local development Food sovereignty Rural areas Mercados locales Seguridad alimentaria Desarrollo local Soberanía alimentaria Zonas rurales CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES