Whole-genome comparison between reference sequences and oyster Vibrio vulnificus C-genotype strains

CARLOS ABRAHAM GUERRERO RUIZ (2019, [Artículo])

Whole-genome sequences of Vibrio vulnificus clinical genotype (C-genotype) from the CICESE Culture Collection, isolated from oysters, were compared with reference sequences of CMCP6 and YJ016 V. vulnificus C-genotype strains of clinical origin. The RAST web server estimated the whole genome to be ~4.8 Mb in CICESE strain 316 and ~4.7 Mb in CICESE strain 325. No plasmids were detected in the CICESE strains. Based on a phylogenetic tree that was constructed with the whole-genome results, we observed high similarity between the reference sequences and oyster C-genotype isolates and a sharp contrast with environmental genotype (E-genotype) reference sequences, indicating that the differences between the C- and E-genotypes do not necessarily correspond to their isolation origin. The CICESE strains share 3488 genes (63.2%) with the YJ016 strain and 3500 genes (63.9%) with the CMCP6 strain. A total of 237 pathogenicity associated genes were selected from reference clinical strains, where—92 genes were from CMCP6, 126 genes from YJ016, and 19 from MO6-24/ O; the presence or absence of these genes was recorded for the CICESE strains. Of the 92 genes that were selected for CMCP6, 67 were present in both CICESE strains, as were as 86 of the 126 YJ016 genes and 13 of the 19 MO6-24/O genes. The detection of elements that are related to virulence in CICESE strains—such as the RTX gene cluster, vvhA and vvpE, the type IV pili cluster, the XII genomic island, and the viuB genes, suggests that environmental isolates with the C-genotype, have significant potential for infection. © 2019 Guerrero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, bacterial gene, bacterial strain, bacterial virulence, comparative study, controlled study, gene cluster, gene identification, genomic island, genotype, nonhuman, phylogenetic tree, sequence analysis, strain identification, Vibrio vulnificus BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA

Evaluación del acondicionamiento reproductivo del ostión japonés (Magallana gigas) en dos sistemas de recirculación con prevalencia de polidóridos mediante la expresión de genes

Evaluation of Japanese oyster (Magallana gigas) broodstock conditioning in two recirculating systems with the prevalence of Polidorids through gene expression

Adrián Andrés Morales Guadarrama (2024, [Tesis de maestría])

El ostión Magallana gigas es ampliamente cultivado a nivel mundial. En Baja California, México, los laboratorios de reproducción deben acondicionar ostiones para su maduración y producción de gametos, y abastecer de semilla a los productores. En nuestro laboratorio, Sistemas de Recirculación Acuícola (SRA), con control del sistema CO2-Carbonatos (SRA-R) o sin control (SRA-C), han permitido madurar ostiones M. gigas y M. sikamea. Recientemente, los ostiones M. gigas acondicionados en nuestros SRA no maduraron, y algunos presentaron prevalencia de polidóridos (PP), poliquetos parásitos excavadores de concha. Para comprender la condición de los ostiones, evaluamos el efecto del SRA y de la PP sobre la expresión relativa de ocho genes asociados a biomineralización (VpATP y Tyr), inmunidad innata (P38, PGRP-L y TLR2) y reproducción (GnRH-RI, Vasa-like y SP1b) de M. gigas en dos etapas del acondicionamiento, 18 °C y 24 °C. La PP se determinó por la presencia de ampollas en la concha. Mediante RT-qPCR se determinó la expresión de VpATP, Tyr, P38, PGRP-L y TLR2 en el manto, y de GnRH-RI, Vasa-like y SP1b en la gónada. La expresión relativa se evaluó con un enfoque estadístico basado en un análisis Bayesiano de dos vías y comparaciones múltiples, p-valor significativo < 0.05 y corrección de Bonferroni. En 18 °C, la expresión de VpATP, Tyr, TLR2 y P38 fue mayor en ostiones con PP (CPP) que sin PP (SPP). En contraste, la expresión de GnRH-RI, Vasa-like y SP1b fue menor CPP que SPP. Dentro del SRA-C, en los ostiones CPP hubo mayor expresión de Tyr y menor expresión de Vasa-like y SP1b, respecto a los ostiones SPP. Esto sugiere que la PP induce la reparación de la concha y las respuestas inmune e inflamatoria en el manto mientras que en la gónada reduce el desarrollo de las células germinales. En 24 °C, en el SRA-R hubo menor expresión de SP1b respecto del SRA-C y sugiere menor división celular en la gónada. En conclusión, el SRA-R y la PP afectaron el balance energético del ostión japonés, limitando la energía y reflejando menor esfuerzo reproductivo en los ostiones del SRA-R al final del acondicionamiento reproductivo.

The Japanese oyster (Magallana gigas) is highly cultured worldwide. In Baja California, Mexico, the reproduction laboratories must condition oysters to maturity and have gametes to supply oyster seeds to producers. In our laboratory, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), with control of the CO2-Carbonate system (RAS-R) and without this control (RAS-C), have allowed oysters M. gigas and M. sikamea to mature. Recently, the M. gigas oysters conditioned in our RAS did not mature, and some have the prevalence of Polidorids (PP), shell-boring polychaete parasites. To understand the oysters' condition, we evaluated the effect of RAS and the PP on the relative expression of eight genes associated with biomineralization (VpATP and Tyr), innate immunity (P38, PGRP-L, and TLR2), and reproduction (GnRH-RI, Vasa-like, and SP1b) of M. gigas at two phases of broodstock conditioning, 18 °C and 24 °C. The PP was determined by mud blisters at the inner oyster shell. RT-qPCR determined the expression of VpATP, Tyr, p38, PGRP-L, and TLR2 in the mantle tissue and GnRH-RI, Vasa-like, and SP1b in the gonad tissue. The relative gene expression was evaluated by a Bayesian statistics frame based on a two-way and multiple comparison analysis, with significant p-value < 0.05 and Bonferroni correction. At 18 °C, there was higher expression of VpATP, Tyr, TLR2, and P38 in oysters with PP (WPP) than without PP (WOPP). In contrast, the expression of GnRH-RI, Vasa-like, and SP1b was less WPP than WOPP. It suggests that the PP induces shell repair and immune and inflammatory responses in mantle tissue, while in gonad tissue, it reduces the development of germinal cells. At 24 °C, in RAS-R, there was less expression of SP1b respect RAS-C, and it suggests less cellular division in the gonad. In conclusion, the RAS-R and the PP affect the energetic balance of the Japanese oyster, limiting the energy and reflecting less reproduction effort in oysters from RAS-R at the end of broodstock conditioning.

SRA, biomineralización, Vasa-like, Tyr, ostión RAS, biomineralization, Vasa-like, Tyr, oyster BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA CITOGENÉTICA ANIMAL CITOGENÉTICA ANIMAL

Genetic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strains that have been isolated in Mexico since 1998

CARLOS ABRAHAM GUERRERO RUIZ (2017, [Artículo])

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen that has been isolated worldwide from clinical cases, most of which have been associated with seafood consumption. Environmental and clinical toxigenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus that were isolated in Mexico from 1998 to 2012, including those from the only outbreak that has been reported in this country, were characterized genetically to assess the presence of the O3:K6 pandemic clone, and their genetic relationship to strains that are related to the pandemic clonal complex (CC3). Pathogenic tdh+ and tdh+/trh+ strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Also, the entire genome of a Mexican O3:K6 strain was sequenced. Most of the strains were tdh/ORF8-positive and corresponded to the O3:K6 serotype. By PFGE and MLST, there was very close genetic relationship between ORF8/O3:K6 strains, and very high genetic diversities from non-pandemic strains. The genetic relationship is very close among O3:K6 strains that were isolated in Mexico and sequences that were available for strains in the CC3, based on the PubMLST database. The whole-genome sequence of CICESE-170 strain had high similarity with that of the reference RIMD 2210633 strain, and harbored 7 pathogenicity islands, including the 4 that denote O3:K6 pandemic strains. These results indicate that pandemic strains that have been isolated in Mexico show very close genetic relationship among them and with those isolated worldwide. © 2017 Guerrero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, bacterial strain, biofouling, controlled study, Crassostrea, food intake, gene sequence, genetic analysis, genetic variability, Japan, Mexican, Mexico, molecular phylogeny, nonhuman, pandemic, pathogenicity island, sea food, serotyping, toxi BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA

The Banana MaWRKY18, MaWRKY45, MaWRKY60 and MaWRKY70 Genes Encode Functional Transcription Factors and Display Differential Expression in Response to Defense Phytohormones

SERGIO GARCIA LAYNES VIRGINIA AURORA HERRERA VALENCIA Lilia Guadalupe Tamayo Torres VERONICA LIMONES BRIONES FELIPE ALONSO BARREDO POOL FRAY MARTIN BAAS ESPINOLA Ángel Gabriel Alpuche Solís CARLOS ALBERTO PUCH HAU SANTY PERAZA ECHEVERRIA (2022, [Artículo])

"WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in plant defense responses through phytohormone signaling pathways. However, their functions in tropical fruit crops, especially in banana, remain largely unknown. Several WRKY genes from the model plants rice (OsWRKY45) and Arabidopsis (AtWRKY18, AtWRKY60, AtWRKY70) have shown to be attractive TFs for engineering disease resistance. In this study, we isolated four banana cDNAs (MaWRKY18, MaWRKY45, MaWRKY60, and MaWRKY70) with homology to these rice and Arabidopsis WRKY genes. The MaWRKY cDNAs were isolated from the wild banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis, which is resistant to several diseases of this crop and is a progenitor of most banana cultivars. The deduced amino acid sequences of the four MaWRKY cDNAs revealed the presence of the conserved WRKY domain of ~60 amino acids and a zinc-finger motif at the N-terminus. Based on the number of WRKY repeats and the structure of the zinc-finger motif, MaWRKY18 and MaWRKY60 belong to group II of WRKY TFs, while MaWRKY45 and MaWRKY70 are members of group III. Their corresponding proteins were located in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells and were shown to be functional TFs in yeast cells. Moreover, expression analyses revealed that the majority of these MaWRKY genes were upregulated by salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) phytohormones, although the expression levels were relatively higher with MeJA treatment. The fact that most of these banana WRKY genes were upregulated by SA or MeJA, which are involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR), respectively, make them interesting candidates for bioengineering broad-spectrum resistance in this crop."

Banana Transcription factor WRKY Defense phytohormones Salicylic acid Methyl jasmonate SAR ISR Broad-spectrum resistance BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA

Más allá de los colores del amaranto

JESUS ALFREDO ARAUJO LEON Víctor Aguilar Hernández Ivonne Sánchez del Pino SERGIO RUBEN PERAZA SANCHEZ ROLFFY RUBEN ORTIZ ANDRADE Ligia Guadalupe Brito Argáez (2022, [Artículo])

El amaranto tiene una amplia gama de colores atrayentes, desde amarillos, violetas hasta rojos intensos. Esta heterogeneidad de tonalidades llamó la atención de civilizaciones que se desarrollaron en todas las latitudes del continente americano, como es el caso del imperio azteca que integró este cultivo a su cosmovisión ceremonial para ofrendas a diferentes deidades, dejando una herencia prehispánica cautivadora de su historia. Más allá de los colores, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo abordar las propiedades nutricionales y beneficios para la salud humana de la diversidad de fitoquímicos que son responsables de los interesantes colores del amaranto.

AMARANTHACEAE AMARANTHUS BETALAINAS METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS MEXICO SALUD HUMANA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) DESARROLLO VEGETAL DESARROLLO VEGETAL

Relación de adenovirus 36 con la obesidad, expresión de genes (c/ebpB y hif-1A) y la morfologia del tejido adiposo.

JORGE BARRERA ALCOCER (2021, [Tesis de doctorado])

Introducción: Al origen infeccioso de la obesidad se le conoce como ¿infectobesidad¿. Los primeros estudios realizados en modelos animales, como pollos, ratones y primates no humanos, asociaron la presencia de anticuerpos contra HAd36 con el desarrollo de la obesidad y la ganancia de peso, de igual manera los ensayos realizados en preadipocitos (3T3-L1) y células madre adiposas humanas (hASCc) han demostrado que HAd36 se asocia con la expresión de genes implicados en la diferenciación celular y el metabolismo de lípidos. Los estudios realizados para identificar el DNA viral en tejido adiposo son pocos y los resultados inconsistentes. Objetivo: Analizar la presencia del DNA de HAd36 en biopsias de tejido adiposo subcutáneo y su relación con la obesidad, cambios morfológicos de los adipocitos y la expresión de genes adipogénicos y de metabolismo celular. Materiales y Métodos: Se recolectaron un total de 52 biopsias de tejido adiposo subcutáneo de mujeres sometidas a liposucción y/o lipectomia. Se realizó una evaluación antropométrica y clínico-bioquímica. La identificación del DNA de HAd36 se realizó por PCR convencional, la expresión de los genes C/EBPB, HIF-1A y ¿-actina se determinó utilizando sondas TaqMan. La morfología celular se analizó en secciones de tejido adiposo teñidas con H&E, la estimación del número y tamaño de las células se realizó con el software Image J Fiji. Resultados: Se identificó el DNA de HAd36 en 16 muestras de tejido adiposo subcutáneo (31%). La presencia del DNA viral no se asoció con los parámetros antropométricos o metabólicos, tampoco con cambios en la morfología del tejido adiposo. Los niveles de expresión de mRNA para C/EBPB y HIF-1A no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las muestras positivas y negativas al DNA viral (p>0.05). Conclusión: El DNA de HAd36 puede estar presente en el tejido adiposo subcutáneo, pero la presencia del DNA viral no se encontró relacionado con los cambios morfológicos en este tejido, ni con la expresión de genes como C/EBPB y HIF-1A.

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA CLÍNICA

Evaluación de la acumulación mitocondrial de estrógenos sintéticos mito-dirigidos en un modelo in vitro

Evaluation of mitochondrial accumulation of mito-targeted synthetic estrogens on in vitro model

Magdiel Orozco Valdivia (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

La mitocondria es un organelo que cumple funciones esenciales en el mantenimiento de las células eucariotas y su disfunción está asociada a la progresión de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, metabólicas y cardiovasculares. Por lo anterior es necesario encontrar tratamientos que mejoren la función mitocondrial. Los estrógenos son hormonas que tienen diversos efectos benéficos sobre las células. Entre estos efectos, se ha observado que las hormonas inciden en la función mitocondrial, por lo que son un potencial tratamiento para las enfermedades asociadas a la disfunción mitocondrial. Una alternativa es mediante los compuestos mito-dirigidos, moléculas con actividad biológica que son acoplados a cationes lipofílicos con la capacidad de acumularse a mayor concentración en la mitocondria respecto a las sustancias no mito-dirigidas. Por lo tanto, se plantea conferir la propiedad acumulativa a los estrógenos mediante el acoplamiento de trifenilfosfonio, un catión lipofílico recurrentemente usado para la generación de mito-dirigidos. Para el presente trabajo se sintetizaron dos estrógenos mito-dirigidos. Este proyecto evalúa la acumulación mitocondrial de los estrógenos mito-dirigidos después de una exposición de estos en un modelo in vitro sensible a estrógenos, comparando su acumulación con la del estrógeno no mito-dirigido. Los resultados indican que los estrógenos mito-dirigidos se acumulan más en las mitocondrias que el estrógeno no mito-dirigido y demuestra que los estrógenos mito-dirigidos tienen capacidad acumulativa, esto permite sentar las bases de un tratamiento hormonal dirigido a las mitocondrias que se pueda aplicar a enfermedades asociadas a la disfunción mitocondrial.

Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells, and their dysfunction is associated with the onset and development of neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, it is important to develop treatments to improve mitochondrial function. One of the options are estrogens, these hormones have a protective role in cellular function by participating in the regulation of mitochondrial function, making estrogens candidates to be a potential treatment for diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction. One of the alternative treatments are mito-targeted molecules, which are biologically active molecules conjugated with lipophilic cations. These mito-targeted molecules can accumulate inside mitochondria more than non-targeted molecules. This project aims to synthesize mito-targeted estrogens by conjugating a lipophilic cation, triphenylphosphonium, to a parent estrogenic compound. Our hypothesis is that these novel molecules will accumulate in the interior of the mitochondria and will have more biological activity than the non-targeted estrogen. We synthesized two mito-targeted estrogens for this project and evaluated the mitochondrial accumulation in an estrogen-sensitive in vitro model, comparing their accumulation to non-targeted estrogens. The results indicate mito-targeted estrogens accumulate in mitochondria more than the non-targeted estrogens, showing that mito-targeted estrogens have an accumulation capacity. This insight will make new treatments for diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.

estrógenos, mito-dirigido, disfunción mitocondrial, acumulación, mitocondria estrogens, mitochondria, mito-targeted, accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA HUMANA HORMONAS HORMONAS

Morphological Alterations in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Exposed to di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (dehp) in Primary Cell Culture Conditions

Alteraciones Morfológicas en Células Musculares Esqueléticas Humanas Expuestas a Ftalato de di-(2-etilhexilo) (dehp) en Condiciones de Cultivo Celular Primario

Pablo Hernández Almaraz ORLANDO LUGO LUGO Ramón Gaxiola Robles OSCAR KURT BITZER QUINTERO Luis Javier Ramírez Jirano Elizabeth Brassea Pérez TANIA ZENTENO SAVIN (2022, [Artículo])

"Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is among the most common plasticizer additives that humans are in contact with daily. DEHP can be released from plastic and enter the human body, whereby it is metabolized and transformed into oxidative hydrophilic molecules. Clinical follow-ups in patients exposed to this phthalate and investigations in cultures of several cell types have provided information on its effects. For example, it is associated with inhibition of diploid human cell development and morphological changes in cultured germ cells. Although skeletal muscle represents around 50 % of the human body mass, knowledge about the effects of DEHP on this tissue is poor. Cultured skeletal muscle cells were exposed to DEHP (1 mM) for 13 days with the aim of exploring and evaluating some of the potential morphological effects. Three culture development parameters and nine cell characteristics were monitored during the bioassay. At 13 days, growth area, cell viability, and concentration of total proteins were lower in DEHP exposed than in control cells. Cell width and area, as well as the diameter of the nucleus and nucleolus, were greater in exposed cells than in control cells. These are interpreted as signs of cytotoxicity and suggest potential adverse effects on the development of skeletal muscle cells from DEHP exposure, as reported for other cell types."

Emerging pollutants, Morphometry, Phthalates, Plasticizers, Toxicity MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS MÉDICAS BIOLOGÍA HUMANA FISIOLOGÍA DEL MÚSCULO FISIOLOGÍA DEL MÚSCULO

Microplásticos en el Antropoceno: contaminación y efectos en el suelo

JONAS ALVAREZ LOPEZTELLO ELIZABETH CHAVEZ GARCIA (2022, [Artículo])

En las últimas dos décadas, los microplásticos (partículas plásticas de tamaño menor a 5 milímetros), un tipo de contaminante emergente, han atraído nuestra atención por ser una amenaza potencial para la salud humana, la biodiversidad y el medio ambiente. Aquí, mencionamos las diversas fuentes de origen y distribución. Asimismo, discutimos el impacto ecológico de los microplásticos en el suelo.

BIODIVERSIDAD CONTAMINACION DE SUELO IMPACTO ECOLOGICO PLASTICOS SALUD HUMANA Y AMBIENTAL BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

The banana MaWRKY18, MaWRKY45, MaWRKY60 and MaWRKY70 genes encode functional transcription factors and display differential expression in response to defense phytohormones

SERGIO GARCIA LAYNES VIRGINIA AURORA HERRERA VALENCIA Lilia Guadalupe Tamayo Torres VERONICA LIMONES BRIONES FELIPE ALONSO BARREDO POOL FRAY MARTIN BAAS ESPINOLA Angel Alpuche-Solis CARLOS ALBERTO PUCH HAU SANTY PERAZA ECHEVERRIA (2022, [Artículo])

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in plant defense responses through phytohormone signaling pathways. However, their functions in tropical fruit crops, especially in banana, remain largely unknown. Several WRKY genes from the model plants rice (OsWRKY45) and Arabidopsis (AtWRKY18, AtWRKY60, AtWRKY70) have shown to be attractive TFs for engineering disease resistance. In this study, we isolated four banana cDNAs (MaWRKY18, MaWRKY45, MaWRKY60, and MaWRKY70) with homology to these rice and Arabidopsis WRKY genes. The MaWRKY cDNAs were isolated from the wild banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis, which is resistant to several diseases of this crop and is a progenitor of most banana cultivars. The deduced amino acid sequences of the four MaWRKY cDNAs revealed the presence of the conserved WRKY domain of ~60 amino acids and a zinc-finger motif at the N-terminus. Based on the number of WRKY repeats and the structure of the zinc-finger motif, MaWRKY18 and MaWRKY60 belong to group II of WRKY TFs, while MaWRKY45 and MaWRKY70 are members of group III. Their corresponding proteins were located in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells and were shown to be functional TFs in yeast cells. Moreover, expression analyses revealed that the majority of these MaWRKY genes were upregulated by salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) phytohormones, although the expression levels were relatively higher with MeJA treatment. The fact that most of these banana WRKY genes were upregulated by SA or MeJA, which are involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR), respectively, make them interesting candidates for bioengineering broad-spectrum resistance in this crop. © 2022 by the authors.

BANANA TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR WRKY DEFENSE PHYTOHORMONES SALICYLIC ACID METHYL JASMONATE SAR ISR BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS GENÉTICA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS