Political exiles and the comparative dimension: Contributions to an emerging field

CORAZA DE LOS SANTOS ENRIQUE Monica Graciela Gatica (2022)

The study of exiles in Latin America has developed significantly in the last twenty years. Whereas most of this work concerns exiles from the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile and Uruguay), texts, research and academic spaces relating to Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Colombia and, to a lesser extent Central America, have begun to make an appearance. We believe that the point has now been reached where national studies should be transcended, to begin a reflection on other aspects, including theoretical and methodological approaches, seeking to provide elements to assist in the analysis of these forced migrations. The objective is to reflect on the relevance of comparative studies to the issue of exile in or from Latin America in the twentieth century, consider the progress already made and the circumstances around forced migrations especially those daily movements of displaced people that challenge us.

Article

Artículo

Exiles Latin America comparative studies methodology Exilios América Latina estudios comparados metodología CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Los centros públicos de investigación y las estrategias de incidencia a partir de redes: el caso de la Red de Alcaldesas de Jalisco (2018-2021)

Public Research Centers and impact strategy networks: the Jalisco Mayor Women Network case (2018-2021)

María de la Concepción Sánchez Domínguez-Guilarte (2022)

Objetivo. Presentar un modelo de red de investigación con incidencia para la innovación social que atienda a problemáticas locales, a partir de la experiencia de la Red de Alcaldesas de Jalisco. Metodología. Se trabajó con metodologías de incidencia y con un enfoque colaborativo, a partir de un punto articulador. Los actores convocados identificaron tres nodos y se generarón agendas de trabajo para atender las problemáticas expuestas. Hallazgos. A nivel teórico se presenta una metodología de trabajo colaborativa inter-actor/inter-nivel para la incidencia social, elaborada a partir de un modelo dialéctico en la experiencia de la RAJ. A nivel práctica, se presenta el trabajo realizado en dicha la RAJ, mediante la co-construcción de diagnósticos, estrategias de resolución de problemas, metodologías de implementación y análisis de resultados. Originalidad. El intercambio de conocimientos y experiencias a partir de modelos inter-actor/inter-sector priorizó la experiencia práctica y enfoque de resolución de problemas desde la innovación social sostenible, trascendiendo los procesos transdiciplinares en favor de la horizontalidad. Conclusiones y limitaciones. Se comprobó que las redes de investigación con incidencia potencian los recursos para realizar innovaciones sociales. Los procesos colaborativos deben continuar explorándose como la mejor opción para realizar proyectos de incidencia desde Centros Públicos de Investigación.

Purpose. To introduce a research network model with impact for social innovation that addresses local problems, based on the experience of the Jalisco Mayor Women Network. Methodology. A collaborative approach was used, starting from an articulating point. The summoned actors identified three nodes and work agendas were generated to attend to the problems exposed. Findings. In theory, an inter-actor/inter-level collaborative work methodology for social incidence is presented, elaborated from a dialectical model in the RAJ experience. On a practical level, the work carried out in this context is shown through the co-construction of diagnoses, problem-solving strategies, implementation methodologies, and analysis of results. Originality. The exchange of knowledge and experiences based on inter-actor/inter-sector models prioritized practical experience and a problem-solving approach from sustainable social innovation, transcending transdisciplinary processes in favor of horizontality. Conclusions and limitations. It was verified that the research networks with incidence enhance the resources to carry out social innovations. Collaborative processes should continue to be explored as the best option to carry out impact projects from Public Research Centers.

Article

Redes de investigación Metodologías colaborativas Gobiernos locales Centros públicos de investigación Incidencia social Research networks Collaborative methodologies Local governments Public research centers Social impact CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA CAMBIO Y DESARROLLO SOCIAL TECNOLOGÍA Y CAMBIO SOCIAL TECNOLOGÍA Y CAMBIO SOCIAL

The mathematical disarticulation in Engineering. An alternative for its study and alertness, from Mathematics Education

Diana del Carmen TORRES-CORRALES Gisela Montiel Espinosa (2021)

We present the results and analysis of the documentation of the scenery, a first stage of a research in Mathematics Education that uses the Socio-epistemological Theory and the Ethnographic Method to identify and characterize the uses of the trigonometrical notions that are present in direct-kinematics problems in Robotics from Mechatronics Engineering, in particular in the context of professional engineering training in a Mexican university. We give evidence that even though a curricular articulation is present, it is insufficient to cope with the necessity of a robust articulation of uses of trigonometric notions where the construction of visual references is highlighted as a context that gives meaning to mathematical knowledge, but is absent in Mathematics courses where Trigonometry is taught. We conclude by specifying two non-mathematical social variables that are important for our research and pose a hypothesis for the next stages.

Article

Artículo

Matemática Educativa Teoría Socioepistemológica Método etnográfico Formación de ingenieros Trigonometría CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES Mathematics Education Socio-epistemological Theory Ethnographic Method Engineering education Trigonometry

Inter-district food flows in Malawi

Maxwell Mkondiwa (2022)

Article

Mathematical Programming Inter-Regional Food Flows CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOOD PRODUCTION MARKETING POLICIES

Redes memristivas para procesamiento de imágenes: un enfoque de tratamiento en Paralelo

Juan Manuel Ugalde Franco (2022)

In this thesis, the memristive grid is introduced as an analog massive parallel processor applied to image processing. A memristive fuse is the key component for the grid, which contains memristors that are modelled by a charge-controlled memristance function The parallel functioning of the grid is based on circuit topology, which yields a smart classification of the resulting differential equations (DEs) arising from the nodal analysis. The parallelizing scheme is linked to the degree of the node which expresses the number of memristance functions present in the node DE. As a direct result, a vectorizing scheme is applied to the set of variables and node equations of the whole grid. The manuscript introduces the memristive grid as the evolution of the resistive grid with the aim of establishing the topological aspects of the resistive grid and extrapolating them to the memristive grid. From the point of view of Graph Theory, we have resorted to the fact that a grid (a lattice) is the result of the cartesian product of 2 path-graphs, which allows us to establish the main properties of the resulting graph in a very transparent way, with emphasis on those properties connected to the parallelizing methodology. Along the development of this work, the memristive grid has been programmed in several implementations. The memristive grid with parallel processing has been used for several tasks of image processing, such as smoothing, defining and edge-detection, for gray-level images and color images. As an application of the capabilities of the grid, the morphological analysis of seeds is presented.

En esta tesis de maestría se presenta a la red memristiva como un procesador analógico masivo con funcionamiento en paralelo aplicado al procesamiento de imágenes. Como elemento fundamental de la red se utiliza un fusible memristivo para el cual se emplea un memristor modelado por expresiones de memristancia controlada por carga. El funcionamiento en paralelo de la red está basado en la metodología de procesado que se deriva del análisis topológico del grafo de la red. Esto permite clasificar las ecuaciones diferenciales (ED) a resolver (ecuaciones de nodo) en función de los grados de los nodos con la finalidad de aplicar esquemas de paralelización ad hoc a la cantidad de funciones de memristancia que se hallan presentes en dichas EDs. Como resultado de esta clasificación, se asignan expresiones vectorizadas a las variables de la red memristiva involucradas en el análisis nodal. La red memristiva se presenta en el documento como resultado de la evolución de la red resistiva, lo cual permite estudiar los aspectos topológicos en la red resistiva y extrapolarlos a la red memristiva. Desde el punto de vista de teoría de Grafos, la red es un arreglo rectangular de elementos que es resultado del producto cartesiano de dos grafos-trayectoria, lo cual permite establecer las propiedades topológicas de la red de una manera transparente y en especial las propiedades que dan origen a la base de la metodología de procesamiento en paralelo. Es importante señalar que como resultado del desarrollo de la aplicación de procesamiento de imágenes, se generaron herramientas en diversas plataformas y variantes, dependiendo del estadio de desarrollo. La red memristiva con funcionamiento en paralelo es utilizada para el procesamiento de imágenes en tareas específicas de suavizado, resaltado y detección de bordes, tanto para imágenes en escala de gris como para imágenes en color. Finalmente, como aplicación del procesamiento de imágenes en paralelo, se presenta el cálculo de los parámetros morfológicos de semillas.

Master thesis

Memristive grid Image processing Parallelizing methodology Morphological analysis CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA ELECTRÓNICA ELECTRÓNICA

Image and cinema in the teaching of economic history

Joan Miguel Tejedor Estupiñán Mónica Zoraya Gaitan Divantoque (2022)

This article presents the teaching model developed in the subjects of Economic History of Colombia and World Economic History, in the Economics program of the Catholic University of Colombia, in the years 2014 and 2015, whose objective is to address the historical problems of the economy, through traditional sources, complemented by photography, cinema, and other tools provided by new communication technologies. The first part describes the context of education in Colombia with regard to the chair of Economic History, the second part, describes the model of teaching economic history through film, the third part presents a list of films to complement the process of teaching economic history, in the fourth part illustrate some didactic resources and research sources offered by the internet, and finally the conclusions are presented.

Article

Artículo

Economic history methodology of research cinema photography teaching learning Historia económica metodología de investigación cine fotografía enseñanza aprendizaje CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Biosíntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas de oro y su evaluación en espectroscopía Raman reforzada por efectos de superficie (SERS)

Biosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles and their evaluation in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)

Jacqueline Olvera Aripez (2023)

La espectroscopía Raman reforzada por efectos de superficie (SERS) es una técnica sensible a la superficie, que utiliza superficies metálicas rugosas o nanoestructuras para mejorar el esparcimiento Raman de las moléculas. Las nanopartículas de oro (AuNPs) presentan propiedades SERS, por lo que surge la necesidad de desarrollar alternativas de síntesis por métodos más amigables con el ambiente. Una alternativa es utilizar AuNPs sintetizadas mediante el uso de los hongos, ya que se ha demostrado que podrían utilizarse para SERS. El objetivo principal del proyecto es determinar la capacidad de las AuNPs sintetizadas mediante diferentes especies de hongos filamentosos, para mejorar la medición del espectro Raman. Para ello, se sintetizaron AuNPs a diferentes parámetros de temperatura, pH y tiempos de reacción y se analizaron sus propiedades SERS. Las AuNPs se sintetizaron utilizando el sobrenadante de diferentes hongos: Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma asperellum, Alternaria alternata y Ganoderma sessile. Se corroboró la producción de AuNPs mediante espectroscopía ultravioleta-visible (UV-Visible). El plasmón de superficie de las AuNPs se localizó entre los 525 nm a 580 nm. Mediante dispersión de luz dinámica (DLS) se analizó el tamaño y potencial Z. Las AuNPs sintetizadas presentaron tamaños promedio de 73 nm a 905 nm. La carga eléctrica fue de -1.95 mV a -29.9 mV. Por último, se analizó el tamaño y la morfología mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM). Las AuNPs presentaron diferentes morfologías (esféricas, semi-esféricas, triangulares, hexagonales e irregulares) con un rango de tamaño de 10 a 180 nm. Para la evaluación de las propiedades SERS se utilizó un sistema micro Raman a una longitud de onda de 532 nm. En general, las AuNPs sintetizadas por diferentes hongos presentaron excelentes propiedades SERS. Las AuNPs sintetizadas con el sobrenadante de T. asperellum, A. alternata y G. sessile presentaron un mayor incremento en la intensidad Raman del azul de metileno con un factor de mejora de 11.25, 12.71 y 13.06, respectivamente. En conclusión, se observó que a una longitud de onda de 532 nm, las AuNPs con mayor distribución de formas esféricas y tamaños menores a 50 nm presentaron mayor capacidad para aumentar el efecto SERS del azul de metileno.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that uses rough metallic surfaces or nanostructures to enhance the Raman scattering of molecules. Gold nanoparticles exhibit SERS properties. Therefore, an environmentally friendly alternative to use gold nanoparticles is their production using biological methods. Fungi have been shown to be excellent candidates for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, and it has been demonstrated that they could be used for SERS. For that reason, the main objective of the project is to determine the ability of AuNPs synthesized by different species of filamentous fungi to improve the measurement of Raman spectra. For this purpose, the SERS properties of AuNPs synthesized at different temperatures and pH were analyzed. AuNPs were synthesized using the supernatant of different fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma asperellum, Alternaria alternata and Ganoderma sessile. The production of AuNPs was corroborated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Visible) and by dynamic light scattering (DLS), the size and Z-potential of the AuNPs were analyzed. AuNPs synthesized presented average sizes from 73 nm to 685 nm and 107 to 905 nm, respectively. The superficial electrical charge of the AuNPs determined the stability of the AuNPs presenting values from -1.95 mV to -29.9 mV, approximately. Finally, the size and shape of the AuNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AuNPs synthesized using different fungi presented spherical, quasi-spherical, and triangular and some different shapes with a size range from 10 to 180 nm. The obtained AuNPs were purified at 400 °C. A micro Raman system at a wavelength of 532 nm was used for the evaluation of SERS properties. The AuNPs synthesized by different fungi presented excellent SERS properties. AuNPs synthesized with the supernatant of T. asperellum, A. alternata and G. sessile presented a higher increase in the Raman intensity of methylene blue with an enhancement factor of 11.25, 12.71 y 13.06, respectively. In conclusion, it was observed that at a wavelength of 532 nm, the AuNPs with a greater distribution of spherical shapes and sizes smaller than 50 nm presented a greater capacity to increase the SERS effect of methylene blue.

Master thesis

Nanopartículas, propiedades SERS, métodos biológicos Nanoparticles, SERS properties, biological methods BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA MICROBIOLOGÍA MICROBIOLOGÍA MICROBIOLOGÍA

Comprehensive review of liquid chromatography methods for fumonisin determination, a 2006-2022 update

YORDIN DONALDO OCAMPO ACUÑA Maria Yolanda Rios Gomez (2023)

Fumonisins are mycotoxins present worldwide. They are mainly found in corn and its derived foods; however, they also have an important presence in other grains, fruits, and vegetables. Their consumption in excessive amounts can affect animal and human health. The most abundant of these is fumonisin B1, associated with a range of toxicological effects in animals, including equine leukoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema, and rodent carcinogenicity. In humans this mycotoxin has been shown to increase rates of esophageal cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified FB1 within the 2B group, considering it a possible human carcinogen. Thus, analytical methods that identify/quantify fumonisins become a necessity to ensure adequate control of food and crops. An analytic method needs to be sensitive, selective, and robust to provide reliable data that can aid in monitoring risk assessment, quality control, and research. Recently, colorimetric methods which use immunologic and molecular approaches based on dyes, enzymes and aptamers have gained attention; some of these using nanomaterials. However, these methods are still in development. Currently, chromatographic methods remain the most confident and robust analytic tool, especially for quantification purposes. There is a great deal of information reported in the literature regarding these methods; despite this, there has not been a compilation of the methods for fumonisin analysis to facilitate its consult since 2005. Being the most common method for fumonisin detection worldwide, the present review focuses on the compilation of liquid chromatography methods published between 2006 and 2022 organized by matrix, analytes, instrument, and method conditions, using diverse detectors including MS, fluorescence, and an evaporative light scattering detector. Additionally, These techniques have been applied to diverse matrices, namely food and beverages, including grains, milk, meat, beer, wine; as well as biological samples such as urine, plasma, serum, and tissues. Other aspects pertaining to legislation, extraction, cleanup (selective pressurized liquid extraction, strong anion-exchange, immunoaffinity chromatography, and QuEChERS), derivatization procedures, limit of detection and quantification of fumonisins are also included. This review had compiled and organized 88 chromatographic methods for fumonisins analysis, and the analysts can consult all the procedures with detail.

Article

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA QUÍMICA Fumonisinsfumonisin, B1fumonisin, analysisfood, analysismycotoxins, analysis method

Rendimientos económicos de la escolaridad I: discusión teórica y métodos de estimación

Bracho, Teresa ANDRES ZAMUDIO CARRILLO (2001)

En este primer documento se abordan dos problemas generales. En la primera parte se analiza la relevancia del análisis de los rendimientos económicos de la escolaridad y el contexto teórico más general en que se ubica. En la segunda parte se describen las diversas maneras en que se ha realizado la estimación de tasas de retomo, los elementos que incluyen cada una de ellas, sus supuestos generales y las principales críticas a que se han sometido en la literatura internacional.

Working paper

Education -- Economic aspects -- Mexico -- Statistical methods. Income distribution. -- Mexico -- Statistical methods. Cost and standard of living -- Mexico -- Statistical methods. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

The accident of birth: effect of birthweight on educational attainment and parent’s compensations among siblings

Francisco Cabrera-Hernandez (2012)

Despite the importance for public policy design, there is still a lack of evidence in middle income countries regarding children’s in-utero health and their later success in life. This study exploits the variation between siblings and explore the effects of birthweight on later health and education outcomes. Findings suggest that low birthweight affects future endowments, including height, health status and cognitive skills, up to the average age of 17. Estimations also suggest an effect on grade repetition in the case of children with highly educated mothers, plausibly because such pupils reach higher educational levels, where differences in health endowments may translate into differences in achievement. Additional exploratory results offer evidence of compensation among richer parents, who invest more money in their less healthy offspring. This evidence is broadly in line with the international literature and suggests that health and education policies should be complemented with early interventions to reduce disparities in birthweight and education outcomes.

Working paper

Fetus -- Nutrition -- Mexico -- Statistical methods. Parent and child -- Economic aspects -- Mexico -- Statistical methods. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES