Título

El escarabajo del tamarix (Diorhabda spp.): control de defoliación sobre pinabete (Tamarix aphylla)

Autor

GREGORIO ADAN ESTRADA MUÑOZ

Colaborador

SERGIO RENÉ SÁNCHEZ PEÑA (Asesor de tesis)

ARTURO CORONADO LEZA (Asesor de tesis)

JUAN MARTÍN MARTÍNEZ REYNA (Asesor de tesis)

ERNESTO CERNA CHÁVEZ (Asesor de tesis)

Nivel de Acceso

Acceso Abierto

Resumen o descripción

"El cedro salado (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb) y pinabete (Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karsten) son plantas exóticas nativas de Eurasia, importantes para control de la erosión, ornamentales, rompevientos y sombra en el norte de México. Estas plantas son severamente defoliadas por el escarabajo Diorhabda introducido para el biocontrol de especies altamente invasivas de Tamarix spp. Especialmente por el escarabajo subtropical tamarisco Diorhabda sublineata (Lucas). Este daño ha sido relevante en comunidades cercanas al Rio Grande y Rio Conches en el estado de Chihuahua. Buscando estrategias de control contra este daño, realizamos dos experimentos. En el primer experimento evaluamos tratamientos con insecticida (aplicación a chorro, 70 g de ingrediente activo (i.a.) de imidacloprid para cada árbol, árboles de > 12 m de alto y > 1 m de diámetro basal del tronco) para el control de D. sublineata en pinabetes en Ojinaga, Chihuahua, México. Había dos sitios tratados (B y C) y uno sin tratar (control) sitio (A). Después de 116 días, se tomó follaje fresco de árboles tratados y de control, para alimentar a adultos y larvas de D. sublineata en laboratorio. Los parámetros de rendimiento del insecticida fueron: Excrementos producidos e insectos que mostraban caída irreversible y convulsiones; para adultos de D. sublineata; después de 14 horas en follaje del control, el 100% de los insectos adultos producen altas cantidades de excrementos, y no mostraron caída irreversible; para los sitios B y C con insecticida, el 100% y 86,6% de los insectos adultos producen bajas cantidades de excrementos, y el 33,3% y el 42,2% mostraron caída irreversible, respectivamente. En larvas, los efectos de la alimentación en follaje de árboles tratados con imidacloprid o no tratados durante 14 horas fueron: en follaje de árboles sin tratar (sitio A): el 100% de larvas producen altas cantidades de excrementos y no mostró caída irreversible; para los sitios B y C con insecticida, el 87,5% y 50% producen bajas cantidades de excrementos, y el 47,5% y el 28,7% mostraron caída irreversible. Para ambos casos (adultos y larvas), la cantidad de excrementos y número de insectos y larvas derribados fueron diferentes significativamente entre árboles tratados y no tratados."

"The Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima Ledebou) and Athel tree (Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karsten) are exotic plants natives to Eurasia, important for shade, wind protection, for erosion control and as ornamentals in North Mexico. These plants are severely defoliated by Diorhabda beetles introduced for biocontrol of more invasive Tamarix spp., especially by the subtropical tamarisk beetle Diorhabda sublineata (Lucas). This damage is relevant in Mexican communities at the Rio Grande and Conchos rivers, in Chihuahua State. Looking for control strategies against this damage, we conducted two experiments. In the first experiment we evaluated the effect of insecticide treatment (one drench, 70 g active ingredient of imidacloprid x single tree, for trees around 1 m basal trunk diameter) on D. sublineata on athel trees at Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico. There were two treated (B and C) and one untreated (control) site (A). 116 days after treatment, fresh foliage was taken from treated and control trees, to feed D. sublineata adults and larvae in the laboratory. The parameters of insecticide performance were: droppings (excrement) produced, and insects showing irreversible knockdown and convulsions; both were evaluated after beetles were exposed to foliage for 14 hours. After this period of time, 100 % of adult insects on untreated foliage produced high amounts of droppings, and showed no knockdown, while on foliage from treated sites B and C, 100 % and 86.6 % produced low amounts of droppings, and 33.3 % adults and 42.2 % showed knockdown, respectively. In larvae, the effects of feeding on foliage from imidacloprid-treated or untreated trees for 14 hours was: untreated tree (site A): 100 % larvae produced high amounts of droppings and showed no knockdown; for insecticide sites B and C, 87.5 % and 50 % produced low amounts of droppings, and 47.5 % and 28.7 % showed knockdown. For both adults and larvae, the amount of droppings and number of knocked-down insects and larvae were significantly different among treated and control trees. In the second experiment, we evaluated insecticide treatment (one soil drench, 70 g A.I. imidacloprid per single tree, trees > 12 tall and >1 m trunk diameter) on athel trees and saltcedar (one soil drench, 4.37 g A.I. imidacloprid per single tree, trees > 5 tall and > 20 cm trunk diameter) at Ojinaga, Chihuahua, México. 116 days after application as drench, were conducted visual evaluations of the defoliation percentage by athel tree and saltcedar, using reference the rating scale used internationally E.W.R.C. In athel tree; for untreated trees, the mean was 55% of defoliation and we assign the rank 6 and for the treated trees the mean was 29.77% of defoliation and we assign the rank 4, For athels trees the defoliation percentages were not significantly different among treated and control trees. For saltcedar, for untreated trees was obtained a mean of 88% of defoliation and was assigned a rank 10 and for treated trees was obtained a mean of 35.93 % of defoliation and was assigned a rank of 2. For saltcedars trees the defoliation percentages were significantly different among treated and control trees. Drench application of imidacloprid can be a simple tool to reduce the undesirable defoliation of athel trees in Chihuahua"

Fecha de publicación

20 de noviembre de 2014

Tipo de publicación

Tesis de maestría

Versión de la publicación

Versión publicada

Formato

application/pdf

Idioma

Español

Audiencia

Estudiantes

Investigadores

Repositorio Orígen

Repositorio Digital CID-UAAAN

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508

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