Manejo y conservación de Vanilla planifolia en sistemas agroforestales tradicionales de la Huasteca Potosina

KARINA LIZBETH TRINIDAD GARCIA (2020, [Tesis de doctorado])

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), is an orchid whose fruit is highly valued in the national and international market. Its center of origin and distribution is Mexico and part of Central America. In our country, it has been intensely exploited since the pre- Columbian era, so its excessive extraction, as well as the reduction of genetic variability, and the fragmentation of its habitat, have caused the decrease of natural populations. It is currently cited in Official Mexican Standard 059 (NOM-059- SEMARNAT-2010), in the category of Subject to Special Protection.

Vanilla production has generated economic expectations, since its high market value encourages the establishment of the crop, and it is expected to generate income that improves the quality of life of local producers. In the last decade, various efforts have been channeled to increase the planted area and crop productivity. Government institutions have allocated financial resources to the acquisition of vegetative material and the establishment of new plantations, as well as to training and technical assistance. For their part, research institutions have directed their efforts to meet the demands of agriculture, such as the reproduction of the species, the fall of the fruit, the low yield and conservation.

In San Luis Potosí, since 2002 several projects have been approved aimed at the establishment of production systems, and technical and productive technical support. In the Huasteca potosina, vanilla is grown in thirteen municipalities in the central-south region, under three main production systems: the shadow mesh house, the association with citrus fruits and traditional agroforestry systems.

Agricultural policies have encouraged the development of simplified production systems such as the shadow mesh house and monocultures, projecting high productivity in small areas, but whose results have not been as expected. In addition to the above, the costs are not very accessible for small producers. They are also

vulnerable systems from the socio-environmental approach; susceptible to meteorological phenomena and the presence of pests or diseases, reduce biodiversity reservoirs and ecosystem services, so that impacts on food security and sovereignty, since then the producer depends on the income provided by the crop to satisfy Your goods and services.

In contrast to simplified systems, there are also traditional production systems, such as the agroforestry system. Traditional agroforestry systems (SAT) are similar to a natural ecosystem, because they are highly biodiverse and management is minimal, so they are considered low impact. They are also valued for the biocultural knowledge around them. To establish vanilla in these systems, implies a lower cost and less risk of plagues and natural damages. Among its strengths is also having wild or "feral" vanilla individuals that, under proper management, can be appropriate plants for cultivation.

The yield between the different production systems remains scarce and very similar, so that many more advantages are observed in a traditional, economic, resilient and less vulnerable production system, which has also remained for centuries in the region.

In the region, it is necessary to increase the areas and planting density with a healthy plant adapted to the region. Considering the benefits of the traditional system, it has been selected as an object of study and is intended to satisfy the following questions:

• What is the potential for the conservation of local vanilla?

• How do sociopolitical-economic-cultural factors influence the gradient of vanilla production in the traditional system?

• What implications would vanilla micropropagation with organic substrates have to meet the demand for vegetative material?

The objectives of the investigation were to identify the current and potential distribution from Vanilla planifolia Jacks. former Andrews., design actions for its conservation, characterize the agroforestry systems where vanilla is produced, to typify them based on its management characteristics and establish a protocol for in vitro regeneration of V. planifolia through the use of natural extracts in the Huasteca Potosina.

To do this, consultations were conducted in herbariums, field trips, interviews with vanilla producers and participatory workshops with local inhabitants. It took carry out a spatial analysis based on geographic information systems, to know the environmental characteristics of the sites with the presence of the species and He modeled his potential distribution. Likewise, 355 cases were analyzed, obtaining 135 agronomic variables and characteristics of the producer. The information was complemented with a spatial analysis based on a GIS to define the spatial pattern of distribution of these systems. For the typology, the two-stage cluster analysis was applied. Finally, sterile seeds were grown in medium without plant growth regulators to obtain protoorms as explants. Once the protoorms were formed, they were sown in the culture media supplemented with the organic extracts of pineapple, banana and coconut water and a control medium, which did not contain the addition of any extract.

In Huasteca Potosina, 28 sites were located with the presence of the taxon under study, the majority in traditional agroforestry systems and, to a lesser extent, in the relics of medium forest that still persist in the region, anchored to the tutors who.

They provide the necessary support. Its potential distribution was estimated at 85.5 km2. The Germplasm without domestication processes and adapted to the environmental conditions that were identified, has the possibility of being conserved. The holders of this genetic resource, they consider a Wildlife Management Unit

It would be the most appropriate way to achieve its conservation in situ. In the region there are three groups of producers, which are differentiated by the amount of activities carried out for the production of vanilla, the number of tutors employed and belonging to an ethnic group. The systems of the Tének ethnic group present less modifications compared to the Nahua systems. The latter even begin to specialize in the management of commercial species, but still retain some features of the original systems. Germination treatments showed that the best treatment was the medium with pineapple extract, where the formation of 5.7 ± 3.5 shoots of 36.9

± 7.3 mm in height was observed, and the formation of 2.2 ± 0.5 buds per bud. In addition, the formation of 13.0 ± was achieved 1.1 roots per outbreak with the addition of 0.5 mg L-1 of AIA and pre-acclimatization of in vitro plants.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Estado del arte sobre operación y mantenimiento de redes entubadas de riego

JUAN MANUEL ANGELES HERNANDEZ Mario Alberto Montiel Gutiérrez JOSE ANGEL GUILLEN GONZALEZ Ramon Lomeli Maria Dolores Olvera Salgado Arturo González Casillas (2011, [Documento de trabajo])

Con la finalidad de proporcionar una herramienta de consulta al personal técnico de las instituciones, especialmente de las organizaciones de usuarios que operan directamente la infraestructura de riego, en el presente trabajo se plantea la revisión del estado del arte sobre la operación y mantenimiento de las redes entubadas, en donde, en un documento maestro, se plasmarán los principales lineamientos que permitan hacer más eficiente el uso de esta tecnología para optimizar los recursos naturales, económicos y técnicos de las zonas de riego.

Riego Redes entubadas Operación y mantenimiento Informes de proyectos CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Muestreo pasivo de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en las hojas de la especie vegetal eriobotrya japonica

MELISSA BOCANEGRA SALAZAR (2011, [Tesis de doctorado])

Los hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (PAHs por sus siglas en inglés) son una clase única de contaminantes orgánicos persistentes (COPs) constituidos por cientos de sustancias individuales. Esos compuestos contienen dos o más anillos aromáticos fusionados y están constituidos por átomos de carbono e hidrógeno (Fig. 1) (Douben, 2003).

La Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades (ATSDR) seleccionó 16 de estos compuestos debido a que existe una mayor información con respecto a los demás, se establece que son más peligrosos y que exhiben efectos representativos de los PAHs, además, existe una mayor posibilidad de estar expuesto a ellos y de todos los que han sido analizados, estos 16 compuestos fueron encontrados en las más altas concentraciones en sitios de residuos peligrosos en la Lista de Prioridades Nacionales de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (ATSDR,1995). Los 16 PAHs prioritarios son: acenaftileno, acenafteno, antraceno, benzo (a) antraceno, benzo (a) pireno, benzo (b) fluoranteno, benzo (k) fluoranteno, benzo (g,h,i) perileno, criseno, dibenzo (a,h) antraceno, fluoranteno, fluoreno, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pireno, naftaleno, fenantreno y pireno. Estos compuestos tienen de 2-6 anillos fusionados y pesos moleculares de 128-278 g/mol. Los valores de solubilidad van desde altamente insoluble a ligeramente soluble y las presiones de vapor de altamente volátiles a relativamente no volátiles. Son considerados altamente lipofílicos (Douben, 2003).

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Operación y evaluación de sistemas de riego presurizado

JUAN MANUEL GONZALEZ CAMACHO (2000, [Libro])

Tabla de contenido: 1. Descripción y selección de sistemas de riego presurizado – 2. Descripción de una bomba centrífuga – 3. Hidráulica básica de los sistemas de riego presurizado – 4. Diseño del sistema de riego – 5. Evaluación del sistema de riego.

1. Descripción y selección de sistemas de riego presurizado – 2. Descripción de una bomba centrífuga – 3. Hidráulica básica de los sistemas de riego presurizado – 4. Diseño del sistema de riego – 5. Evaluación del sistema de riego.

Riego presurizado Operación y mantenimiento CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Manual para planificar la tecnificación del riego parcelario

JUAN ENCISO MEDINA (1998, [Libro])

Este manual se preparó como material técnico de apoyo para el Programa de Desarrollo Parcelario y está dirigido a usuarios y a técnicos que deseen realizar cambios tecnológicos en la parcela con el fin de mejorar sus ingresos por unidad de agua aplicada. El manual describe las diferentes alternativas de tecnificación para hacer un mejor uso del agua en la parcela; proporciona una metodología para hacer un análisis económico de estas alternativas; y finalmente sugiere cómo tomar una decisión para seleccionar la mejor alternativa.

Riego parcelario CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Transferencia y adaptación de un sistema de información geográfica a asociaciones de usuarios de distritos de riego transferidos

ISRAEL VELASCO VELASCO Braulio Robles (1996, [Artículo])

Se presenta la adaptación de un sistema de información geográfica, SIG, (realizado para la tercera unidad del distrito de riego 026: Bajo Río San Juan, Tamaulipas, compuesta por cinco módulos de riego) donde se asocian las diversas bases de datos que, en forma congruente, ágil y oportuna, permiten representar espacialmente (geográficamente), las características de un lote o toda una sección de riego, en cuanto a los aspectos informativos más importantes, con los que se puede apoyar la planeación, seguimiento, registro y evaluación de las diversas actividades que se realizan durante el desarrollo de un ciclo agrícola, además de registrar; previamente, y relacionar las características agrológicas y de infraestructura, así como la del Padrón de Usuarios. Así, la generación de planos temáticos, mosaicos y reportes numéricos, apoyados sobre las mismas bases de datos, permiten contar con información veraz y oportuna, lo cual, a su vez, puede facilitar la tarea de la autoadministración de los módulos, así como su mejoramiento y modernización en las áreas de operación, conservación e ingeniería de riego y drenaje.

Distritos de riego Sistemas de información geográfica Infraestructura hidroagrícola CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Unimputed GbS-derived SNPs for Maize Landrace Accessions Represented in the SeeD-Maize GWAS Panel Recalled Using the B73 v.4 Reference Genome

Sarah Hearne Charles Chen Edward Buckler Sharon Mitchell Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco (2023, [Dataset])

This study presents the unimputed SNP profiles from genotyping-by-sequencing of the accession parents of the SeeD GWAS testcross panel.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Results from rapid-cycle recurrent genomic selection in spring bread wheat

Susanne Dreisigacker Leonardo Abdiel Crespo Herrera Alison Bentley Jose Crossa (2022, [Dataset])

Empirical studies of early generation genomic selection strategies for parental selection or population improvement are still lacking in wheat and other major crops. We show the potential of rapid-cycle recurrent GS to increase genetic gain for grain yield in wheat. We show a consistent realized genetic gain for grain yield after three cycles of recombination of bi-parental F1’s, when summarized across two years of phenotyping.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

2022 CIMMYT Maize Latin America Product Announcement for Product Profile LA-PP1 / Anuncio de Productos de Maíz de CIMMYT en Latinoamérica por el Perfíl de Productos LA-PP1

Felix San Vicente Garcia Alberto Antonio Chassaigne Ricciulli Thanda Dhliwayo natalia palacios rojas XUECAI ZHANG Michael Olsen Aparna Das Prasanna Boddupalli (2022, [Dataset])

New and improved maize hybrids, developed by the CIMMYT Global Maize Program, are available for uptake by public and private sector partners, especially those interested in marketing or disseminating hybrid maize seed across Latin America and similar agro-ecological zones. Following a rigorous trialing and a stage-gate advancement process culminating in the 2020 Stage 5 trials, CIMMYT advanced a total of four new elite maize hybrids in Latin America in 2022 for Product Profile LA-PP1. These are yellow and white maize hybrids adapted for the tropical lowlands. Phenotypic data collected in Stage 4 and Stage 5 trials for the four selected hybrids as well as information about the trial sites are provided in this dataset. These trials were conducted through a network of partners, including NARS and private seed companies, in Latin America under various management and environmental conditions. Nuevos y mejorados híbridos desarrollados por el Programa Global de Maíz del CIMMYT se ponen a disposición de instituciones del sector público y privado, especialmente para aquellas instituciones colaboradoras interesadas en la comercialización y diseminación de semilla de maíz en Latinoamérica o en zonas agroecológicas similares. Después de un riguroso proceso de evaluación de germoplasma en distintas etapas que culminó en ensayos de evaluación de híbridos en etapa cinco, el CIMMYT avanzó cuatro nuevos híbridos élite en Latinoamérica en 2022 por el Perfíl de Producto LA-PP1. Estos son híbridos amarillos y blancos adaptados a las tierras bajas tropicales. Datos fenotípicos recopilados en los ensayos en etapa cuatro y cinco por los cuatro hibridos avanzados, además de información sobre los sitios están incluidos en este conjunto de datos. Estos ensayos fueron conducidos bajo diferentes condiciones de manejo y ambientes a través de redes colaborativas con instituciones de investigación pública y empresas semilleras de Latinoamérica.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

24th Fusarium Head Blight Screening Nursery

Pawan Singh Carolina Saint Pierre (2023, [Dataset])

The Fusarium Head Blight Screening Nursery (earlier Scab Resistance Screening Nursery - SRSN) is a single replicate nursery that contains diverse spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to ME2 (High rainfall environment) and ME4 (Low rainfall, semi-arid environment) with total 50-100 entries and white/red grain color.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA