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Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize

C.M. Parihar Hari Sankar Nayak Dipaka Ranjan Sena Renu Pandey Mahesh Gathala ML JAT (2023, [Artículo])

The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and 30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to enhance the system adaptability.

Net Returns Subsurface Drip Irrigation Subsurface Drip Fertigation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA EFFICIENCY GRAIN NITROGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSIOLOGY WATER SUPPLY CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FERTIGATION GROUNDWATER NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY WATER PRODUCTIVITY

Francisco Peña (coord.), La sed urbana. La ciudad como construcción hidráulica

GERARDO MORALES JASSO (2018, [Artículo])

Francisco Peña, antropólogo y doctor en ciencias sociales, coordina

este libro que aborda las obras hidráulicas como “un producto sociopolítico

y, por lo tanto, histórico” (p. 9); es decir, como un tema

de investigación que no es exclusivo de la ingeniería y las ciencias ambientales,

sino que es pertinente para las ciencias sociales, y como tal muestra

que las ciudades no son obras hidráulicas incuestionables.

El libro aborda cinco ciudades que se enfrentan a graves problemas

para garantizar el abasto de agua: São Paulo, Ciudad Juárez, Managua, La

Habana y San Luis Potosí. Además, estos cinco estudios son presentados

por un texto que hace una historia de las relaciones humanas con el agua

desde que se descubrió la existencia de microbios y se vinculó el agua libre

de contaminantes y de microbios con la salud, hasta recientemente,

cuando el agua está más integrada que nunca al mercado. De modo que

aunque los cinco estudios abordan el agua de drenaje, el tratamiento de

agua y el agua microbiológicamente limpia, estos se ven como problemas

sociopolíticos y urbanos; leen la ciudad desde sus funciones, como “acueducto,

pozo de extracción, embalse, hidrante y red de distribución”, y los

respectivos conflictos vinculados al estrés hídrico en tales ciudades, mostrando

que “las políticas urbanas son simultáneamente políticas de agua y

viceversa” (p. 19).

BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA /repositorio.ugto.mx/handle/20.500.12059/62 /repositorio.ugto.mx/handle/20.500.12059/6202 Abasto de agua Drenaje Ciencias Ambientales

Análisis de las conexiones matemáticas en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la derivada basado en un networking of theories entre la Teoría de las conexiones y el Enfoque ontosemiótico.

CAMILO ANDRES RODRIGUEZ NIETO (2021, [Tesis de doctorado])

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología No. 602990

In research in Mathematics Education, models have been reported to analyze mathematical connections in which specific connection categories are considered. In the literature, it was identified that the most used model is the Businskas with contributions from other researchers. However, the problem refers to the fact that some categories of connections limit the analysis of mathematical activity and, therefore, the research suggests that the established categories are validated and, if possible, new categories of connections are reported. Other investigations focused on exploring mathematical connections and understanding the derivative reveal that high school students, pre-service teachers, and some in-service mathematics teachers have difficulty connecting multiple representations of the derivative (e.g., algebraic, or symbolic, verbal, graphic, tabular) and establish connections between partial meanings about this concept.

Networking of theories Mathematical connections Onto-semiotic approach semiotic function derivative teacher students HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA PEDAGOGÍA TEORÍA Y MÉTODOS EDUCATIVOS TEORÍAS EDUCATIVAS