Plants of the Popol vuh, the sacred book of the Maya

Plantas del Popol Vuh, el libro sagrado de los Mayas

CANDELARIA ISABEL PEREZ MARTIN SIGFREDO EDMUNDO ESCALANTE REBOLLEDO SILVIA VERGARA YOISURA FRANCISCO ALFONSO LARQUE SAAVEDRA (2022, [Artículo])

A compilation of the plants mentioned in the sacred book of the Mayans Popol Vuh, recognized as the framework of their cosmogony that was written in the K’iche’ area in Guatemala around the year 1550 was made. Thirty-two different species were identified, from 21 plant families, all native to Mesoamerica. The largest number of species was in Fabaceae with four species, Moraceae and Solanaceae with three species each, in addition to Bromeliaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Malvaceae and Poaceae with two species each. The five most important and frequently named species are maize (Zea mays), jícaro (Crescentia cujete), copal (Protium copal), rubber (Castilla elastica) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Eleven species were identified, such as pito wood (Erythrina berteroana) and zibak (Cyperus canus), considered of cosmogonic significance and food plants that are integrated into five groups: fruit trees [zapote (Manilkara zapota), nance (Byrsonima crassifolia), jocote (Spondias mombin), anona (Annona reticulata), matasano (Casimiroa edulis)], grains and seeds [maize, beans (Phaseolus lunatus), cocoa, pataxte (Theobroma bicolor)], vegetables [squash (Cucurbita moschata), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), chilacayote (Cucurbita ficifolia)], flavourings [chili (Capsicum annuum)], and beverages [maguey (Agave americana)]. Seven species were domesticated: maize, squash, chilacayote, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), beans, tomato and cocoa and others for medicinal purposes, fuel and instruments. The description of the creation of man asserts the close relationship of the Mayan culture with plant biodiversity; moreover, the famous milpa, a multi-species Mesoamerican agroecosystem is mentioned that was practiced by their gods © 2022. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana.All Rights Reserved.

COSMOGONY MILPA PLANT FAMILIES POPOL VUH SACRED BOOK SPECIES BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) PALEOBOTÁNICA PALEOBOTÁNICA

Developing micro-columns of test sockets to enable processor validation signals

Desarrollo de micro-columnas de sockets de pruebas para habilitar señales de validación del procesador

Ulises Encarnación Robles Raúl Pérez Bustamante HUGO ARCOS GUTIERREZ (2023, [Artículo])

Este estudio aborda el desafío de optimizar la interconexión entre procesadores y micro almohadillas de contacto (uADC) durante el proceso de validación. Se busca aprovechar las señales de depuración para medir y diagnosticar interfaces en los procesadores, utilizando un interposer de depuración como interfaz de medición. Las uADCs representan una alternativa para incorporar contactos adicionales en la validación al ocupar un espacio entre las almohadillas del procesador comercial. Sin embargo, su desarrollo enfrenta desafíos tecnológicos como la reducción del área de contacto y la estabilidad de resistencia eléctrica. Para abordar estos desafíos, se propone el uso de un socket de interconexión (SDI) con tecnología de micro columnas de interconexión (uCDI), capaz de cumplir con la conductividad requerida. Los resultados experimentales muestran mediciones de resistividad eléctrica por debajo de cien ohmios, el cual es el valor máximo aceptado dentro del contexto de validación de procesadores. La implementación de las uADC y el uso del SDI con uCDI ofrecen ventajas en el proceso de validación al proporcionar acceso a señales previamente inaccesibles, sentando un precedente para futuras investigaciones en la miniaturización de contactos en productos comerciales.

This study addresses the challenge of optimizing the interconnection between processors and micro contact pads (uADC) during the validation process. The aim is to leverage debug signals to measure and diagnose interfaces in the processors, using a debug interposer as a measurement interface. The uADCs represent an alternative for incorporating additional contacts in validation by occupying a space between commercial processor pads. However, the development of uADCs faces technological challenges such as reducing the contact area and ensuring electrical resistance stability. To address these challenges, the use of an inter-connection socket (SDI) with micro– column interconnect (uCDI) technology, capable of meeting the required conductivity, is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate electrical resistivity measurements below one hundred ohms which is the maximum accepted value within the context of processor validation. The implementation of uADCs and the use of SDI with uCDI offer advantages in the processor validation process by providing access to previously inaccessible signals, setting a precedent for future research in contact miniaturization in commercial products.

Micro almohadillas de contacto Procesador Interposer depuración Sockets de interconexión Micro columnas de interconexión Micro contact pads Processor Debug interposer Interconnect socket Interconnection microcolumns INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Proceso de limpieza de componentes industriales

Cleaning process of industrial components

Omar Annuar Guel Quiroz (2023, [Artículo])

Las condiciones experimentales para poder recuperar componentes críticos para un ensamble de un motor de combustión interna, así como también la validación de pruebas de calidad mediante pruebas milipore que detectan la cantidad y peso de partículas de un componente.Los componentes se recuperaron al pasar por un proceso de limpieza tipo aspersión usando un químico sometido a una presión para retirar los contaminantes del material a salvar si aplicar temperatura al químico.El químico usado en las pruebas tiene características de ser amigable con el medio ambiente para evitar la contaminación una vez que este se encuentre contaminado.

Experimental conditions to recover critical components for an internal combustion engine assembly, as well as the validation of quality tests through millipore tests that detect the quantity and weight of particles of a component.The components were recovered by going through a spray-type cleaning process using a chemical under pressure to remove contaminants from the material to be salvaged without applying temperature to the chemical.The chemical used in the tests has characteristics of being environmentally friendly to avoid contamination once it is contaminated.

Core Proceso Remanufactura Inmersión Aspersión Process Remanufacturing Immersion Spraying INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

The HUB Model: An evolving concept for knowlegde management among and between stakeholders towards integrated agri-food systems

Jelle Van Loon (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA INNOVATION SYSTEMS FOOD SYSTEMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS DATA PROCESSING

Diseño y desarrollo de dispositivo de sujeción hidráulica para el proceso de brochado

Design and development of hydraulic clamping device for broaching process

Jorge Morales Carlos Álvarez Raúl Pérez Bustamante (2023, [Artículo])

Se desarrollo un dispositivo de sujeción hidráulica para el proceso de brochado de Brackets usados en los sistemas de frenado de automóviles, que permite reducir la variación del proceso de corte al mejorar el sistema de sujeción y con ello limitar la deformación de la pieza luego de haber sido procesada. Con este concepto de dispositivo es posible mejorar las condiciones del proceso de producción, como lo son: velocidad de corte, reducción de tiempo ciclo, rendimiento de la operación, reducción de costo de scrap, y reducción de tiempo muerto por sobre ajuste de proceso y cambio de modelo. Adicional, se hizo el desarrollo de un sistema de detección de pieza presente que permite captar cuando una pieza no es colocada correctamente en el dispositivo antes de iniciar el ciclo de corte, con esto es posible detectar fallas en el proceso que representen un riesgo para la operación. Durante la etapa de diseño se realizó una simulación del proceso de maquinado en condiciones extremas y condiciones ideales para medir la deformación de la pieza y con esto obtener los parámetros adecuados de corte para la puesta en marcha del dispositivo de sujeción. Para la validación del modelo, se realizó un estudio de habilidad de proceso Cpk y Ppk (acorde a los requerimientos de cliente) para evaluar que el nuevo proceso es eficiente y se encuentra bajo control.

A hydraulic clamping device was developed for the broaching process of Brackets used in automotivebraking systems, which allows reducing the variation of the cutting process by improving the clamping system andthereby limiting the deformation of the piece after having been processed. With this concept of device, it is possibleto improve the conditions of the production process such as: cutting speed, cycle time reduction, operationperformance, scrap cost reduction, and downtime reduction due to process over-adjustment and change over.Additionally, the development of a part detection system was made that allows capturing when a part is not correctlyplaced in the device before starting the cutting cycle, with this it is possible to detect failures in the process thatrepresent a risk to the operation. During the design stage, a simulation of the machining process was carried outin extreme conditions and ideal conditions to measure the deformation of the part and with this obtain theappropriate cutting parameters for the implementation of the clamping device. For the validation of the model, aCpk and Ppk process ability study was carried out (according to customer requirements) to assess that the newprocess is efficient and is under control.

Agradecemos al Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica del Estado de Querétaro, A.C. (CIATEQ) y a la empresa donde fue desarrollado el proyecto por todas las facilidades otorgadas para la realización de dicho proyecto, de igual manera, agradecer por el apoyo brindado a todas las personas involucradas directa o indirectamente en el desarrollo de este trabajo.

Agradecimientos de autoría: Jorge Alberto Morales Martínez: Conceptualización; Metodología; Software; Análisis formal; Investigación; Adquisición de fondos; Recursos; Análisis de datos; Borrador original; Administración de proyecto, Revisión y edición. Carlos Marín: Conceptualización; Ideas; Análisis de datos; Software; Análisis formal y Supervisión. Raúl Pérez Bustamante: Revisión y edición.

Dispositivo de sujeción Proceso de brochado Bracket Sistema de frenado Parámetros de corte Cpk Ppk Clamping device Broaching process Brake system Cutting parameters INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Trophic ecology of Mexican Pacific harbor seal colonies using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes

MARICELA JUAREZ RODRIGUEZ (2020, [Artículo])

There is limited information that provides a comprehensive understanding of the trophic ecology of Mexican Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) colonies. While scat analysis has been used to determine the diet of some colonies, the integrative characterization of its feeding habits on broader temporal and spatial scales remains limited. We examined potential feeding grounds, trophic niche width, and overlap, and inferred the degree of dietary specialization using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) in this subspecies. We analyzed δ13C and δ15N on fur samples from pups collected at five sites along the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Fur of natal coat of Pacific harbor seal pups begins to grow during the seventh month in utero until the last stage of gestation. Therefore pup fur is a good proxy for the mother's feeding habits in winter (∼December to March), based on the timing of gestation for the subspecies in this region. Our results indicated that the δ13C and δ15N values differed significantly among sampling sites, with the highest mean δ15N value occurring at the southernmost site, reflecting a well-characterized north to south latitudinal 15N-enrichment in the food web. The tendency identified in δ13C values, in which the northern colonies showed the most enriched values, suggests nearshore and benthic-demersal feeding habits. A low variance in δ13C and δ15N values for each colony (<1‰) and relatively small standard ellipse areas suggest a specialized foraging behavior in adult female Pacific harbor seals in Mexican waters. © 2020 Juárez-Rodríguez et al.

carbon, delta carbon 13, delta nitrogen 15, isotope, nitrogen, unclassified drug, carbon, nitrogen, Article, correlational study, feeding behavior, latitude, Mexico, nonhuman, organism colony, Pinnipedia, population abundance, species richness, troph BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)

Alternative cropping and feeding options to enhance sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farms in Bangladesh

Timothy Joseph Krupnik Jeroen Groot (2024, [Artículo])

We investigated alternative cropping and feeding options for large (>10 cows), medium (5–10 cows) and small (≤4 cows) mixed crop – livestock farm types, to enhance economic and environmental performance in Jhenaidha and Meherpur districts – locations with increasing dairy production – in south western Bangladesh. Following focus group discussions with farmers on constraints and opportunities, we collected baseline data from one representative farm from each farm size class per district (six in total) to parameterize the whole-farm model FarmDESIGN. The six modelled farms were subjected to Pareto-based multi-objective (differential evolution algorithm) optimization to generate alternative dairy farm and fodder configurations. The objectives were to maximize farm profit, soil organic matter balance, and feed self-reliance, in addition to minimizing feed costs and soil nitrogen losses as indicators of sustainability. The cropped areas of the six baseline farms ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 ha and milk production per cow was between 1,640 and 3,560 kg year−1. Feed self-reliance was low (17%–57%) and soil N losses were high (74–342 kg ha−1 year−1). Subsequent trade-off analysis showed that increasing profit and soil organic matter balance was associated with higher risks of N losses. However, we found opportunities to improve economic and environmental performance simultaneously. Feed self-reliance could be increased by intensifying cropping and substituting fallow periods with appropriate fodder crops. For the farm type with the largest opportunity space and room to manoeuvre, we identified four strategies. Three strategies could be economically and environmentally benign, showing different opportunities for farm development with locally available resources.

Ruminant Feed Pareto-Based Optimization Farm Bioeconomic Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMINANT FEEDING BIOECONOMIC MODELS MIXED CROPPING FARMS LIVESTOCK

The generation challenge programme platform: Semantic standards and workbench for crop science

Richard Bruskiewich Guy Davenport Mathieu Rouard Reinhard Simon Samart Wanchana Trushar Shah Victor Jun Ulat Andrew Farmer Pankaj Jaiswal Mark Wilkinson David Marshall Alyssa Collins (2008, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP IMPROVEMENT GENETIC RESOURCES PLANT BREEDING BIODIVERSITY COMPUTER APPLICATIONS DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY DATA PROCESSING

Sustainability evaluation of contrasting milpa systems in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Tania Carolina Camacho Villa (2023, [Artículo])

The milpa agroecosystem is an intercropping of maize, beans, squash and other crops, developed in Mesoamerica, and its adoption is widely variable across climates and regions. An example of particular interest is the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, which holds highly diverse milpas, drawing on ancestral Mayan knowledge. Traditional milpas have been described as sustainable resource management models, based on long rotations within a slash-and-burn cycle in forest areas. Nevertheless, due to modernization and intensification processes, new variants of the approach have appeared. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of three milpa systems (traditional, continuous, and mechanized) in four case studies across the Peninsula, with emphasis on food self-sufficiency, social inclusion and adoption of innovations promoted by a development project. The Framework for the Evaluation of Agroecosystems using Indicators (MESMIS, for its Spanish acronym) was used for its flexible, participatory approach. A common group of indicators was developed despite regional differences between study cases, with a high level of farmer participation throughout the iterative process. The results show lower crop yields in traditional systems, but with lower inputs costs and pesticide use. In contrast, continuous milpas had higher value in terms of crop diversity, food security, social inclusion, and innovation adoption. Mechanized milpas had lower weed control costs. Profitability of cash crops and the proportion of forest were high in all systems. Highly adopted innovations across milpa types and study cases included spatial crop arrangement and the use of residues as mulches. However, most innovations are not adapted to local conditions, and do not address climate change. Further, women and youth participation is low, especially in traditional systems.

Milpa Intensification Processes Women and Youth Participation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SUSTAINABILITY INTERCROPPING FOOD SECURITY INNOVATION SOCIAL INCLUSION AGROECOSYSTEMS CASE STUDIES

Análisis preventivos de variables para la industria cerámica con base en la metodología de análisis a modo y efecto de falla (FMEA method)

Preventive analysis of variables for the ceramic industry based on the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA method)

Rigel Hugo Carreón Reyes Juan Carlos Neri Guzmán (2023, [Artículo])

El presente estudio indica de una forma tangible la aplicación de la herramienta FMEA (Failure Mode And Effects Analysis -por sus siglas en inglés) en la aplicación de fabricación de cerámica sanitaria, en donde se evalúan las variables que están relacionadas con el proceso de diseño, procesamiento de piezas cerámicas y de su relación existente para poder alcanzar los requisitos normativos y que estos a su vez sean alcanzables. Dentro del estudio se presenta el análisis y elaboración de la matriz riesgos en modo de fallas, así como una serie de definiciones estadísticas con las cuales son evaluados los procesos de fabricación, así como la explicación clara de la metodología FMEA en donde se indica la adecuación de estos conceptos a este tipo de manufacturas (cerámica sanitaria). Este trabajo también describe a través del estudio de caso de las variables una metodología que detalla los conceptos básicos tales como severidad, detección y ocurrencia combinando el desarrollo de tablas parametrizadas y / o acopladas al tipo de proceso de manufactura cerámica .En los resultados que se obtienen se observa la disminución de la incertidumbre hasta de 85% en los valores de RPN y una mejora en el cpk >1,33 como índice de calidad los riesgos o incertidumbres disminuidos son de forma numérica a través de la comprobación de nuevas acciones y el reanálisis de los conceptos de ocurrencia y detección derivados de la implementación de acciones. Las conclusiones indican como una herramienta adecuada el uso de FMEA para el campo de aplicación de la manufactura de cerámica sanitaria.

The present study indicates in a tangible way the application of the FMEA tool (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) in the application of sanitary ceramic manufacturing, where the variables that are related to the process of design, processing of ceramic pieces and their existing relationship are evaluated in order to achieve the regulatory requirements and that these in turn are achievable. The study presents the analysis and elaboration of the risk matrix in failure mode as well as a series of statistical definitions with which the manufacturing processes are evaluated as well as the clear explanation of the FMEA methodology (failure mode and effects analysis) where the application and adequacy of these concepts to this type of manufactures (sanitary ceramics) is indicated. This paper also describes through the case study of the variables a methodology that details the basic concepts such as severity, detection and occurrence combining the development of parameterized tables and / or coupled to the type of ceramic manufacturing process. In the results obtained, the decrease in uncertainty of until 85% in the values of RPN and an improvement in the cpk >1.33 as a quality index, the risks or uncertainties decreased are numerically through the verification of new actions and the reanalysis of the concepts of occurrence and detection derived from the implementation of actions. The conclusions indicate as an appropriate tool the use of FMEA for the field of application of the manufacture of sanitary ceramics.

AMEF (Análisis de Modo de Efecto y Falla) Productos cerámicos Cerámica sanitaria Procesos cerámicos Severidad Detección Ocurrencia FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) Ceramic products Standard ASME Sanitary ceramic Ceramic processess INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS