Uso del cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) como ingrediente en alimentos para juveniles del camarón Litopenaeus vannamei

ALFONSO GALICIA GONZALEZ (2009, [Tesis de doctorado])

Debido a los altos costos e incertidumbre en el abasto de la harina de pescado y pasta de soya, en los últimos años se han buscado alternativas que puedan sustituirlos sin tener un efecto negativo en el crecimiento de los camarones en el cultivo. En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio para evaluar el valor nutricional del cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius) como fuente proteica en alimentos para juveniles de camarón blanco del Pacífico Litopenaeus vannamei. El primer capítulo comprende el estudio de la caracterización de tres productos de cártamo (HIC; Harina Integral de Cártamo, PCB; Pasta de cártamo baja en proteína y PCA; Pasta de cártamo alta en proteína) en base a su composición de nutrientes y algunos factores antinutricionales (hemaglutininas, saponinas, actividad uréasica, aflatoxinas e inhibidor de tripsina). Los productos de cártamo tuvieron un contenido de proteína entre 20.6 y 36.8%. La harina integral fue la que presentó el mayor nivel de extracto etéreo 31%, mientras que las pastas tuvieron un nivel bajo (1.8-1.0%). El contenido de fibra en el cártamo fue alto (17-23%). Los aminoácidos más abundantes en los productos de cártamo fueron el ácido aspártico y glutámico, en contraste los menos abundantes fueron lisina y metionina. Los ácidos grasos más abundantes fueron el ácido oleico, el linoleico, el palmítico y el estéarico. El contenido de calcio de los productos de cártamo varió de 0.25 a 0.42%, mientras que el contenido de fósforo varió del 0.23 a 0.25%. No se encontraron los factores antinutricionales buscados, a excepción del inhibidor de tripsina que tuvo valores bajos (7.56 UTI/mg de muestra). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los coeficientes de utilización digestiva aparente (CUDA) de materia seca y carbohidratos de los productos de cártamo; sin embargo, sí se encontraron diferencias en los CUDA de proteína, lípidos (CUDAl) y de energía digestible (CUDAe). La actividad de las enzimas digestivas de camarones que fueron alimentados con productos de cártamo mostró un incremento en proteinasas generales y quimotripsina. La atractabilidad y el consumo de los alimentos con un 30% de inclusión de los productos de cártamo se vieron afectadas negativamente en los camarones [...]

In recent years, alternatives to fish and soybean meals in aquacultural feeds that do not have negative effects on growth of cultivated shrimp have been intensively studied in an effort to reduce the high costs and uncertainty in supplies. In this study, the nutritional value of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) meal as a protein source in diets for juveniles Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was investigated. Initially, characterization of three safflower meals (i.e. WSM; whole safflower meal, LPSM; low-protein safflower meal and HPSM; high-protein safflower meal), focusing on chemical composition and antinutritional factors (hemaglutinine, saponine, ureasic activity, aflatoxin, and trypsin inhibitor) was conducted. Protein content ranged from 20.6 to 36.8%. Whole safflower meal contained the highest level of lipids (31%); lipids in the other safflower meals were as low as 1.0–1.8%. Fiber content was high (17–23%). The most abundant amino acids were aspartic and glutamic acids and lysine and methionine were less abundant. Oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic fatty acids were present in greatest amounts. Calcium content ranged from 0.25–0.42% and phosphorus content ranged from 0.23–0.25%. Anti-nutritional factors were not found in the analyses, except for trypsin inhibitor, with values as low as 7.56 UTI mg–1 per sample. No significant differences between the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for dry matter and carbohydrates in safflower meals were detected; however, protein ADC, lipid ADC, and energy ADC were different. Total proteinase and chymotrypsin increased significantly in diets where safflower meals were included. Atractability and consumption of feed with 30% safflower meals appeared to have negative effects on the juveniles [...]

atractabilidad; camarón; cártamo; Carthamus tinctorius; digestibilidad; enzimas digestivas; factores antinutricionales; Litopenaeus vannamei CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA

Chronic toxicity of shrimp feed added with silver nanoparticles (Argovit-4®) in Litopenaeus vannamei and immune response to white spot syndrome virus infection

Carlos Rosendo Romo Quiñonez Píndaro Álvarez Ruiz CLAUDIO HUMBERTO MEJIA RUIZ NINA BOGDANCHIKOVA Alexey Pestryakov CARINA GAMEZ JIMENEZ WENCESLAO VALENZUELA QUIÑONEZ Magnolia Montoya Mejía EUSEBIO NAVA PEREZ (2022, [Artículo])

"In recent years, the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial compounds has been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. In this work, we investigated the effects of AgNPs (Argovit-4 R ) as feed additives (feed-AgNPs) on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using three different methods: 1) chronic toxicity after 28 days of feeding, 2) Effects against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenged by oral route, and 3) transcriptional responses of immune-related genes (PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, Crustin, PEN3, and PEN4) following WSSV infection. The results showed that the feed-AgNPs did not interfere with the growth and survival of shrimp. Also, mild lesions in the hepatopancreas were recorded, proportional to the frequency of the feed-AgNP supply. Challenge test versus WSSV showed that feeding every 7 days with feed-AgNPs reduced mortality, reaching a survival rate of 53%, compared to the survival rates observed in groups fed every 4 days, daily and control groups of feed-AgNPs for the 30%, 10%, and 7% groups, respectively. Feed-AgNPs negatively regulated the expression of PAP, ProPO, and Crustin genes after 28 days of treatment and altered the transcriptional responses of PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, and Crustin after WSSV exposure. The results showed that weekly feeding-AgNPs could partially prevent WSSV infection in shrimp culture. However, whether or not transcriptional responses against pathogens are advantageous remains to be elucidated."

Silver nanoparticles, Shrimp, Aquaculture, Chronic toxicity, WSSV, AgNP, Argovit, Litopenaeus vannamei , Silver fed, White spot syndrome virus BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNIZACIÓN INMUNIZACIÓN

Effect of antimicrobial nanocomposites on Vibrio cholerae lifestyles: Pellicle biofilm, planktonic and surface-attached biofilm

ANAID MEZA VILLEZCAS (2019, [Artículo])

Vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen causing intestinal disease with a high incidence in developing countries. V. cholerae can switch between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. Biofilm formation is determinant for transmission, virulence and antibiotic resistance. Due to the enhanced antibiotic resistance observed by bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial nanomaterials have been used to combat infections by stopping bacterial growth and preventing biofilm formation. In this study, the effect of the nanocomposites zeolite-embedded silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or zinc (Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated in V. cholerae planktonic cells, and in two biofilm states: pellicle biofilm (PB), formed between air-liquid interphase, and surface-attached biofilm (SB), formed at solid-liquid interfaces. Each nanocomposite type had a distinctive antimicrobial effect altering each V. cholerae lifestyles differently. The ZEO-AgNPs nanocomposite inhibited PB formation at 4 μg/ml, and prevented SB formation and eliminated planktonic cells at 8 μg/ml. In contrast, the nanocomposites ZEO-CuNPs and ZEO-ZnNPs affect V. cholerae viability but did not completely avoid bacterial growth. At transcriptional level, depending on the nanoparticles and biofilm type, nanocomposites modified the relative expression of the vpsL, rbmA and bap1, genes involved in biofilm formation. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the outer membrane proteins OmpT, OmpU, OmpA and OmpW also differs among treatments in PB and SB. This work provides a basis for further study of the nanomaterials effect at structural, genetic and proteomic levels to understand the response mechanisms of V. cholerae against metallic nanoparticles. © 2019 Meza-Villezcas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

bacterial protein, copper nanoparticle, nanocomposite, OmpT protein, OmpU protein, OmpW protein, outer membrane protein A, silver nanoparticle, unclassified drug, zeolite, zinc nanoparticle, antiinfective agent, copper, metal nanoparticle, nanocompos BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA MICROBIOLOGÍA MICROBIOLOGÍA