Variación fenotípica de caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos de Hesperoyucca whipplei (Asparagaceae) en Baja California, México

Phenotypic variation of vegetative and reproductive traits of Hesperoyucca whipplei (Asparagaceae) in Baja California, Mexico

Melissa Michelle Alvarez Mexia (2024, [Tesis de maestría])

La variación fenotípica hereditaria de diferentes órganos de las plantas se ha relacionado con adaptaciones para tolerar el ambiente abiótico y mantener relaciones ecológicas. Específicamente se ha planteado que los órganos vegetativos de las plantas están bajo selección por disponibilidad de agua o luz, mientras que la variación de rasgos florales en especies con polinización zoocórica está fuertemente influenciada por sus polinizadores. Esto sugiere que la fortaleza de la covariación fenotípica entre órganos vegetativos y florales puede ser diferente dependiendo del estrés ambiental considerado. Según la hipótesis de Berg, las plantas con sistemas de polinización especializados desvinculan la morfología floral de la variación fenotípica en los caracteres vegetativos debido a la presión selectiva del polinizador. Se probó esto en la yuca de chaparral, Hesperoyucca whipplei, ya que se distribuye en diferentes ambientes a lo largo de la península de Baja California, y es polinizada únicamente por la polilla Tegeticula maculata. Esperamos que la heterogeneidad ambiental afecte principalmente a los niveles de variación fenotípica de los órganos vegetativos de las poblaciones de H. whipplei, causando cambios en la morfología entre poblaciones. Sin embargo, dada la polinización obligada, esperamos que la variación de los rasgos florales sea menor que la variación de sus rasgos vegetativos. Para probarlo, se tomaron datos morfométricos vegetativos y reproductivos de 202 individuos en 16 localidades. Los resultados mostraron amplia variación fenotípica en los caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos no florales y una menor variación fenotípica en los caracteres florales, especialmente el pistilo, con el cual interactúa directamente el polinizador. La temperatura y precipitación influyeron significativamente en la variación de la altura total de la planta y sobre los pétalos y pistilo en las flores. Se detectó una asociación entre los caracteres vegetativos y los reproductivos no florales, mientras que no se encontró una relación con los caracteres florales. A partir de esto se identificaron dos módulos fenotípicos altamente integrados, uno vegetativo y uno floral, lo que respalda la hipótesis de Berg y sugiere que experimentan presiones de selección diferentes. Nuestros hallazgos resaltan como la variación fenotípica en poblaciones de plantas es modulada por condiciones ambientales e interacciones ecológicas.

Hereditary phenotypic variation of different plant organs has been related to adaptations that allow them to tolerate the abiotic environment and maintain ecological relationships with other organisms. Specifically, it has been proposed that the vegetative organs of the plants are under selection due to the availability of water or sunlight, while the variation of floral traits in species with zoochoric pollination is strongly influenced by their pollinators. This suggests that the strength of the phenotypic co-variation between vegetative and floral organs may be different depending on the environmental stress considered. According to Berg's hypothesis, plants with specialized pollination systems dissociate floral morphology from phenotypic variation in vegetative traits due to selective pressure from the pollinator. The chaparral yuca, Hesperoyucca whipplei, is a good model to test this, since it is distributed in different environments along the Baja California peninsula, and this plant is pollinated only by the Tegeticula maculata moth. We expect that environmental heterogeneity primarily affects the levels of phenotypic variation of the vegetative organs of H. whipplei populations, causing changes in morphology between populations. However, given the obligatory pollination by the moth, we expect that the variation in the floral traits will be lesser than the variation in their vegetative traits. To test this, vegetative and reproductive morphometric data were taken from 202 individuals in 16 locations. The results showed wide phenotypic variation in vegetative and non-floral reproductive traits and lower phenotypic variation in floral traits, especially the pistil, which directly interacts with the pollinator. Temperature and precipitation significantly influenced the variation of the total height of the plant and on the petals and pistil in the flowers. An association was detected between vegetative and non-floral reproductive characters, while no relationship was found with floral characters. From this, two highly integrated phenotypic modules, one vegetative and one floral, were identified, which supports Berg's hypothesis and suggests that they experience different selection pressures. Our findings highlight how phenotypic variation in plant populations is modulated by environmental conditions and ecological interactions.

Baja California, Hesperoyucca whipplei, hipótesis de Berg, variación fenotípica Baja California, Berg’s hypothesis, Hesperoyucca whipplei, phenotypic variation BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Perfil epidemiológico y características clínicas de la escleritis en una población del noreste de México

YOLANDA MACIAS RODRIGUEZ (2022, [Artículo])

La epiescleritis (ESC) y escleritis (SC) son enfermedades que se caracterizan por causar inflamación de la capa externa fibrosa del globo ocular, la esclera y epiesclera. Estos padecimientos fueron descritos desde el siglo XIX y el Dr. Watson proporcionó la clasificación clínica que se usa para ordenarlas en sus diferentes subtipos. La etiología de las ESC y SC puede ser idiopática o asociada a causas específicas, como enfermedades autoinmunes, traumatismos, cirugías o infecciones. En diversas poblaciones del mundo se han reportado previamente las características de las ESC y SC. Sin embargo, en la población mexicana solo existen reportes de casos de presentaciones inusuales de ESC y SC y una sola serie reportando las características de la SC. Por lo anterior, se decidió llevar a cabo el presente estudio para expandir el conocimiento acerca de las características de la ESC y SC en la población mexicana. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional. El diseño metodológico corresponde a una serie de casos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de ESC y SC, que hubieran firmado el consentimiento informado para participación en investigación clínica. Se analizaron los expedientes físicos y electrónicos de los pacientes que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión, se tomó la información correspondiente a las variables previamente establecidas y se vació en una hoja de Microsoft Excel y posteriormente se analizaron estadísticamente con el programa SPSS (IBM). Se encontraron y analizaron 55 casos de ESC y 130 casos de SC. En ambos grupos hubo una predominancia del sexo femenino y la edad media fue mayor en pacientes con SC que en ESC (52.26 vs. 44.78 años). El tipo más común de ESC fue la simple y en SC la anterior difusa. La SC posterior fue el subtipo menos frecuente. La etiología más frecuente en ESC y SC fue la idiopática, y la segunda en frecuencia fue la espondiloartropatía asociada al haplotipo HLA B27 y la artritis reumatoide respectivamente. Los motivos de consulta más frecuente fueron ojo rojo solamente y ojo rojo doloroso. Los síntomas más comúnmente descritos por los pacientes con ESC y SC fueron ojo rojo, sensación de cuerpo extraño, dolor, lagrimeo y visión borrosa. Asimismo, los datos clínicos más comúnmente encontrados en pacientes con ESC y SC fueron la ingurgitción de los plexos conjuntivales y epiesclerales, queratopatía punteada superficial y queratitis ulcerativa periférica. La agudeza visual promedio fue buena tanto en ESC como en SC, siendo de 20/25 y 20/30 respectivamente. Para el análisis de tratamiento y recurrencias, se consideraron a los pacientes con un seguimiento mayor a una consulta, consistiendo estos últimos en 35 ESC y 108 SC. En la ESC, 91.4% de los pacientes fueron tratados con un AINE oral, 57.1% con esteroide tópico y 5.7% con AINE tópico. En SC, 76.9% usaron un AINE oral, 62% un esteroide oral, 50% un esteroide tópico y 52.7% un agente imnunosupresor. 29.6% de los pacientes con SC tuvieron una recurrencia. Al comparar la presente serie con las series de ESC y SC reportadas previamente en la literatura se encontró una considerable cantidad de similitudes, como la predominancia del sexo femenino, la media de edad, la incidencia estimada, los síntomas y signos, el tratamiento empleado y la cantidad de recurrencias y su asociación a una edad menor. Debido a todos lo anterior, se concluyó que la presentación de las ESC y SC en la población mexicana es similar a la presentación en otras poblaciones del mundo, previamente reportadas.

Especialidad en Oftalmología

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS MÉDICAS CIENCIAS CLÍNICAS OFTALMOLOGÍA

Ontology development for knowledge representation of a metrology lab

RAMON ALBERTO LUQUE MORALES OSCAR HERNANDEZ URIBE ZAIDA ANTONIETA MORA ALVAREZ LEONOR ADRIANA CARDENAS ROBLEDO (2023, [Artículo])

Digital transformation in metrology is impacting the industry, where accurate and fair data are essential to take enterprises to the next level in the digital era. The amount and complexity of information are growing exponentially, and expert knowledge becomes imperative for users to perform measurement tasks and decision-making. This study presents the development of a modular metrological inspection ontology for a metrology laboratory based on the reuse of ontologies related to sensors and units of measurement. Such an ontology considers information about operators and customers (name, telephone number, email) and the linkage to service orders, pieces (length, height, width), measurement strategies (expert notes about measurement procedures and paths), and measuring machines (measuring scope, uncertainty, sensor probe). The proposed solution delivers a digitalized catalog that allows the user to filter records according to the geometrical characteristics of the pieces and recover notes related to measurement procedures and paths for similar cases. The purpose is to promote knowledge sharing and narrow the gap to achieve digital transformation toward Metrology 4.0 in laboratories prepared to offer metrological support.

Ontology Metrology Measurement strategy CMM INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Hyperiid amphipods from the Gulf of Ulloa and offshore region, Baja California: The possible role of the gelatinous zooplankton as a transport vector into the coastal shelf waters

Bertha Lavaniegos (2020, [Artículo])

Hyperiid amphipod species from the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California, and the adjacent region (from the shelf break to 200 km offshore) were analyzed to evaluate diversity and abundances. This productive area supports small-scale commercial fisheries, including sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), abalones, clams, and others. Strong coastal upwelling events were observed during summer seasons of the period 2002-2008 between Punta Eugenia and Punta Abreojos. The upwelling plumes at Punta Abreojos are transported southward in slope waters bordering the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, contributing to the separation of coastal and oceanic regions, and explain differences in amphipod diversity and abundances between both regions. In the offshore region, the most abundant species were Vibilia armata, Lestrigonus schizogeneios, Primno brevidens, and Eupronoe minuta, similar to previous findings in northern regions of Baja California and southern California. However, abundances of these species were lower (10-30 individuals/1000 m3), only reaching 20-50% of abundance levels reported off northern Baja California. In the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, amphipods were virtually absent during 2002, 2003 and 2006. However, during 2004 and 2005, abundances of P. brevidens increased (54 and 20 ind/1000 m3, respectively). Moreover, during the late summer of 2007, abundances of L. schizogeneios, P. brevidens, Lycaea nasuta, Lycaea pulex, and Simorhynchotus antennarius increased considerably (261, 39, 31, 68, 416 ind/1000 m3, respectively), indicating occasional utilization of the coastal shelf by pelagic amphipods. Changes in gelatinous populations (medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, doliolids, and salps) paralleled changes in hyperiid populations, with highest abundances in 2005-2008 in the coastal shelf. Significant correlations of 17 amphipod species with gelatinous taxa, which are often used as host organisms by hyperiid amphipods, suggest that gelatinous presence enhanced hyperiid abundance and promoted the progression of hyperiid amphipods onto the coastal shelf during parts of the 2002-2008 period. © 2020 Bertha E. Lavaniegos. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

abalone, Amphipoda, article, Baja California, clam, clinical article, Ctenophora, Eugenia, female, fishery, human, human experiment, male, medusa, nonhuman, Panulirus interruptus, plume, summer, zooplankton, Amphipoda, animal, California, ecosystem, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Vibrissa growth rate in California sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations

MARTHA PATRICIA ROSAS HERNANDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. In this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The δ15N and δ13C values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determination of the time period contained in each vibrissa; thus, time (age) was calculated in two ways: 1) based on the correlation between the observed number of peaks (Fourier series) in the δ15N profile and the length of each vibrissa, and 2) through direct comparison with the observed number of peaks in the δ15N profile. Cross-correlation confirmed that the two peaks in the δ15N profile reflected the two peaks in the chlorophyll-a concentration recorded annually around the island. The mean growth rate obtained from the correlation was 0.08 ± 0.01 mm d-1, while that calculated based on the observed number of peaks was 0.10 ± 0.05 mm d-1. Both are consistent with the rates reported for adult females of other otariid species (0.07 to 0.11 mm d-1). Vibrissa growth rates vary by individual, age, sex, and species; moreover, small differences in the growth rate can result in significant differences over the time periods represented by the isotopic signal. Thus, it is important to assess this parameter on a species-by-species basis. © 2018 Rosas-Hernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

carbon, nitrogen, animal, California, chemistry, diet, female, island (geological), Mexico, Otariidae, physiology, Animals, California, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Female, Islands, Mexico, Nitrogen Isotopes, Sea Lions CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Production vulnerability to wheat blast disease under climate change

Diego Pequeno Jose Mauricio Fernandes Pawan Singh Willingthon Pavan Kai Sonder Richard Robertson Timothy Joseph Krupnik Olaf Erenstein Senthold Asseng (2024, [Artículo])

Wheat Blast Tropical Regions CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT PLANT DISEASES CLIMATE CHANGE PRODUCTION

Potential impacts of Ukraine-Russia armed conflict on global wheat food security: A quantitative exploration

Khondoker Mottaleb Gideon Kruseman Sieglinde Snapp (2022, [Artículo])

Violent conflict is a major cause of acute food crises. In 2021, at least 155 million people in 10 countries were severely food insecure and eight of those countries were experiencing armed conflict. On February 24, 2022, an armed conflict between Russian Federation (Russia) and Ukraine escalated. As Russia and Ukraine are major wheat exporters, this will aggravate the already precarious food security situation in many developing countries by disrupting wheat production and export and by accelerating price hikes in import-dependent developing countries. This study examines the potential impacts of this ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine on wheat price, consumption, and calorie intake from wheat. In doing so, it applies the conditional mixed process estimation procedure using information collected from 163 countries and territories for the years 2016–2019 from online database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The study shows that, on average, a 1% decrease in the global wheat trade could increase the producers' price of wheat by 1.1%, and a 1% increase in the producers' price could reduce the yearly per capita wheat consumption by 0.59%, daily calorie intake by 0.54% and protein intake by 0.64% in the sampled countries. Based on this, the study demonstrates that a 50% reduction in wheat exports by Russia and Ukraine could increase the producers’ price of wheat by 15%, which would induce a reduction in wheat consumption and dietary energy intake by at least 8%. Since wheat export has reduced from both Russia and Ukraine, to avoid a food crisis in developing countries, policies are suggested, including near term improvement of domestic wheat production by promoting improved agronomic practices to close yield gaps to meet a substantial portion of wheat self-sufficiency goals. In the long run, countries in Africa, East Asia and South America can explore expanding wheat into new land area. International donor agencies can play a key role in supporting the ongoing wheat research and development activities.

Export-Import CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ARMED CONFLICTS CALORIES CONSUMPTION ELASTICITY FOOD SECURITY PRICES PRODUCTION WHEAT

Achieving wheat self-sufficiency in Brazil

Diego Pequeno Senthold Asseng (2024, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT SELF SUFFICIENCY PRODUCTION

Variaciones en un transecto profundo frente a la costa de Nayarit, México

Emilio Palacios Hernández Luis Brito Castillo LAURA ELENA CARRILLO BIBRIEZCA CARLOS EDUARDO CABRERA RAMOS JORGE MANUEL MONTES ARECHIGA (2022, [Artículo])

"Six oceanographic cruises in a NE-SW transect were made nearshore of southern Sinaloa and Nayarit from March 2006 through May 2008, where no in situ hydrographic data are available. Applying the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10) to the observations, the hydrography and geostrophic currents of the region were characterized. Results indicate that surface variability (0-50 m) emerged mainly from seasonal atmospheric forcing. A relative salinity maximum was present during all cruises below this surface layer, which is attributed to a water mass intrusion of Subtropical Subsurface Water that could be associated with the Mexican Coastal Current. Another water mass intrusion is from the California Current. Samples from the 2007-2008 La Niña produced an uncommon circulation, where water flowing from the Gulf of California along the coast of Sinaloa was observed, opposite to what is commonly known as a mean circulation. This uncommon circulation matches the generation of anticyclonic eddies around the Islas Marias archipelago."

Gulf of California, Mexican Coastal Current, Nayarit Coast, seasonal variation, La Niña CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA DESCRIPTIVA OCEANOGRAFÍA DESCRIPTIVA

Hot Extremes and Climatological Drought Indicators in the Transitional Semiarid-Subtropical Region of Sinaloa, Northwest Mexico

OMAR LLANES CARDENAS OSCAR GERARDO GUTIERREZ RUACHO Iván Hernández Romano ENRIQUE TROYO DIEGUEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"The main goal of this study was to explore the historical and recent spatial concurrence between the frequency (F), duration (D) and intensity (I) of hot extremes (HEs) and the frequency and evolution of meteorological drought in the region of Sinaloa. Based on the values of daily maximum temperatura (Tmax) and precipitation obtained from CLImate COMputing for the interval April–October of a historical period (1963–2000) and a recent period (1982–2014), the HE and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) were calculated on one-month (SPI-1) and four-month (SPI-4) timescales. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (Sr) were used to obtain the significant concurrences (SCs) between HEs and SPI-1, and HEs and SPI-4. El Quelite weather station showed the highest historical SCs between HEs and SPI-1 (−0.66≤Sr≤−0.57). Jaina is the only station that showed SCs with all four indicators of HEs and SPI-4 (−0.47≤Sr≤−0.34). In this study, the concurrence between HEs and SPI-1, and HEs and SPI-4 was determined for the first time. These are phenomena that can decrease the crop yield, particularly for rainfed crops such as maize, sesame and sorghum in the region commonly known as “the breadbasket of Mexico."

frequency and evolution of meteorological droughts, the breadbasket of Mexico, Sinaloa CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO CLIMATOLOGÍA CLIMATOLOGÍA REGIONAL CLIMATOLOGÍA REGIONAL