Agroecology can promote climate change adaptation outcomes without compromising yield in smallholder systems

Sieglinde Snapp Yodit Kebede Eva Wollenberg (2023, [Artículo])

A critical question is whether agroecology can promote climate change mitigation and adaptation outcomes without compromising food security. We assessed the outcomes of smallholder agricultural systems and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) against 35 mitigation, adaptation, and yield indicators by reviewing 50 articles with 77 cases of agroecological treatments relative to a baseline of conventional practices. Crop yields were higher for 63% of cases reporting yields. Crop diversity, income diversity, net income, reduced income variability, nutrient regulation, and reduced pest infestation, indicators of adaptative capacity, were associated with 70% or more of cases. Limited information on climate change mitigation, such as greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration impacts, was available. Overall, the evidence indicates that use of organic nutrient sources, diversifying systems with legumes and integrated pest management lead to climate change adaptation in multiple contexts. Landscape mosaics, biological control (e.g., enhancement of beneficial organisms) and field sanitation measures do not yet have sufficient evidence based on this review. Widespread adoption of agroecological practices and system transformations shows promise to contribute to climate change services and food security in LMICs. Gaps in adaptation and mitigation strategies and areas for policy and research interventions are finally discussed.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE CROPS FOOD SUPPLY GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES FARMING SYSTEMS AGROECOLOGY FOOD SECURITY LESS FAVOURED AREAS SMALLHOLDERS YIELDS NUTRIENTS BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL CARBON SEQUESTRATION LEGUMES

Forest proximity positively affects natural enemy mediated control of fall armyworm in Southern Africa

Frédéric Baudron Terence Sunderland (2022, [Artículo])

Insectivorous Birds Bat Predation Maize Cultivation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FALL ARMYWORMS BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL INSECTIVOROUS ANIMALS MAIZE PREDATOR PREY RELATIONS

Hacia un manejo sustentable de la quinua en el altiplano sur de Bolivia

Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Ravi Gopal Singh (2022, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA QUINUA FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO GANADERÍA AGRICULTURA DE CONSERVACIÓN SUELO SIEMBRA PLAGAS QUINOA SOIL FERTILITY ANIMAL HUSBANDRY CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SOIL SOWING PESTS

Potential of Omics to control diseases and pests in the Coconut tree

MIGUEL ALONSO TZEC SIMA Jean Wildort Félix María Inés Granados Alegría Mónica Aparicio Ortiz Dilery Juarez Monroy Damian Mayo Sarai Vivas-Lopez Rufino Gómez-Tah Blondy Beatriz Canto Canché Maxim Berezovski Ignacio Rodrigo Islas Flores (2022, [Artículo])

The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is a common crop in pantropical areas facing various challenges, one of them being the control of diseases and pests. Diseases such as bud rot caused by Phytophthora palmivora, lethal yellowing caused by phytoplasmas of the types 16SrIV-A, 16SrIV-D or 16SrIV-E, among others, and pests like the coconut palm weevil, Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the horned beetle, Oryctes rhinocerus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), are controlled by applying pesticides, pheromones and cultural control. These practices do not guarantee eradication since some causal agents have become resistant or are imbedded in infected tissues making them difficult to eradicate. This review condenses the current genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics studies which are being conducted with the aim of understanding the pathosystems associated with the coconut palm, highlighting the findings generated by omics studies that may become future targets for the control of diseases and pests in the coconut crop. © 2022 by the authors.

COCOS NUCIFERA L. OMICS PESTS INSECTS DISEASES PATHOGENS BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR DE PLANTAS

On-farm storage loss estimates of maize in Kenya using community survey methods

Hugo De Groote Anani Bruce (2023, [Artículo])

Maize is the most important staple in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with highly seasonal production. High storage losses affect food security, but good estimations are lacking. A new method using focus group discussions (FGDs) was tested with 121 communities (1439 farmers, 52% women) in Kenya's six maize-growing zones, to estimate the maize losses to storage pests and analyze farmer practices. As control strategies, half of the farmers used chemical pesticides (49%), while hermetic bags (16%) and botanicals (15%) were also popular. Relative loss from weevils in the long rains was estimated at 23%, in the short rains 18%, and annually 21%. Fewer farmers were affected by the larger grain borer (LGB) than by maize weevils: 42% in the long rainy season and 32% in the short rainy season; losses from LGB were also smaller: 19% in the long season, 17% in the short season, and 18% over the year. Total storage loss, from both species combined, was estimated at 36%, or 671,000 tonnes per year. The greatest losses occur in the humid areas, especially the moist mid-altitudes (56%), and with smaller loss in the drylands (20–23%). Extrapolating the point data and overlaying with the maize production map shows the geographic distribution of the losses, with the most important area found around Lake Victoria. FGDs provide convenient and cheap tools to estimate storage losses in representative communities, but a total loss estimate of 36% is higher than is found in other studies, so its accuracy and framing effects need to be assessed. We conclude that storage pests remain a major problem, especially in western Kenya, and that the use of environmentally friendly technologies such as hermetic storage and botanicals needs more attention, both by the public extension service and private agrodealers.

Larger Grain Borer Maize Weevil CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE STORAGE LOSSES PESTS SURVEY METHODS

Como las redes sociales contribuyen al conocimiento de la sistemática de plantas

RODRIGO STEFANO DUNO GERMAN CARNEVALI FERNANDEZ CONCHA (2022, [Artículo])

La ciencia y la sistemática, en particular, se han beneficiado enormemente de la tecnología. Pregúntele a cualquier amante de la naturaleza y de la fotografía, el cambio que significó la llegada de las cámaras digitales en sustitución de las cámaras convencionales. Hoy deseamos destacar otra novedad tecnológica, no menos tangible, y de enorme repercusión mundial; las redes sociales. En este breve texto presentaremos casos concretos de cómo las redes sociales pueden ser una herramienta fundamental para incrementar el conocimiento de la diversidad biológica.

APOCYNACEAE DROSERACEAE FACEBOOK NATURALISTA NOVEDADES TAXONOMICAS REDES SOCIALES BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Resistencia a afidos en trigo

Leonardo Abdiel Crespo Herrera (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT PESTS CLIMATE CHANGE APHIDOIDEA DISEASE RESISTANCE

Avances en Agricultura Sustentable : Resultados de plataformas de investigación Hub Pacífico Norte 2010-2021

Simon Fonteyne Nele Verhulst (2022, [Libro])

Esta edición presenta los resultados de la red de plataformas en el Hub Pacífico Norte, misma que resulta de la colaboración entre el CIMMYT; el Patronato para la Investigación y Experimentación Agrícola del Estado de Sonora A.C. (PIEAES); el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP); la Asociación de Agricultores del Río Sinaloa Poniente (AARSP); la Asociación de Agricultores del Río Fuerte Sur (AARFS); la Asociación de Agricultores del Río Culiacán (AARC); la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS); Servicios Agrofinancieros del Norte S.A. de C.V. (SAFINSA); el Club de Labranza de Conservación del Valle del Évora; Granera del Noroeste S.A. de C.V; y el Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC). Los lectores podrán encontrar en este libro los resultados de las plataformas con más tiempo de operación, en donde ya se han podido generar suficientes datos para sacar conclusiones basadas en evidencias sólidas. Esperamos que el libro pueda servir de inspiración a los productores para que busquen que sus actividades en el campo sean más productivas, rentables y sustentables.

Plataformas de Investigación Maíz Amarillo Pulgón Áreas de extensión Módulos demostrativos Autosuficiencia Alimentaria Uso de Insumos Ganancias para el Productor Nodos de Innovación CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURA DE CONSERVACIÓN COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN EUTROFIZACIÓN MONOCULTIVO DEGRADACIÓN DEL SUELO CONTAMINACIÓN PLAGUICIDAS CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO PLATAFORMAS DE INNOVACIÓN EXTENSIÓN AGRÍCOLA AUTOSUFICIENCIA INSUMOS AGRÍCOLAS CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION COSTS EUTROPHICATION MONOCULTURE SOIL DEGRADATION CONTAMINATION PESTICIDES CLIMATE CHANGE INNOVATION PLATFORMS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SELF-SUFFICIENCY FARM INPUTS

The spatial control of migrants on the Chihuahua border

EDGAR ABEL CASTRO (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article tries to link the immigration policies of the United States and Mexico with the narrative developed by Michel Foucault. It shows how racism is the axis on which the State of biopower exercises its claims and its effects of power on bodies and on life. Thus, the current political rationality goes through the management of the living body of people, their health, and their spatiality. This principle extends to the homicidal function of the State. Two events that occurred on the Chihuahua border demonstrate this.

migrant control Foucault border racism migrante frontera racismo HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Innovative experimental plant to improve coffee processing

IVAN TOVAR ESTRADA Juan Francisco Cedano Lezcano EMANUEL VARGUEZ CALCANEO ESTEBAN GUZMAN RODRIGUEZ (2023, [Artículo])

In Mexico, coffee production refers to a process with traditional processing practices that combine rustic and semi-mechanized activities, where quality is not controlled, placing it in the category of conventional coffee. In recent years worldwide, the demand for high-quality coffee has increased and in order to offer this model, it is necessary to standardize the processing and transformation processes that increase the quality and value of the coffee. In order to exploit the different capacities in our country, it is necessary to design an innovative experimental plant for the processing of the primary coffee beneficiary, which is capable of adapting to the processes known by the producers, through the instruments and machinery the plant will provide The producer has control over the variables that influence taking advantage of the organoleptic properties of the coffee bean prior to harvest. The plant allows experimentation and obtaining controlled results according to the primary processing method to be applied. The development of the experimental plant has three iterative design cycles; 1) concept design, in which the various processes and methods investigated are evaluated to seek their homogenization with the help of instruments for monitoring and control, 2) prototype design, which is carried out with the help of 2D platforms and 3D modeling, that allow visualizing the location of the different equipment, as well as the flows of the different primary processing processes that the producer wishes to apply, and 3) innovation design, in which the products and services allow the value chain to be improved through processes instruments, data control and new techniques. For the development and maintenance of the experimental plant, it is necessary to link the entities that make up the quadruple helix; companies, government, society and public centers and institutes of higher education. In order to promote teamwork, collaboration and the exchange of ideas to strengthen, sustain and enrich the innovation ecosystem created through the experimental plant.

Benefited Specialty coffees INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS