Critical dimensions of Mexico–US migration under the aegis of neoliberalism and NAFTA

RAUL DELGADO WISE (2004)

The main objective of this article is to offer a critical overview of the present nature of Mexico–US migration, taking into account the broad and intricate spectrum of labour relations that has arisen among both nations in the context of the new forms of domination characterizing US imperialism. The article’s primary interest lies in penetrating the content and scope of this phenomenon in an attempt to reveal the strategic role played by the exportation of Mexican labour in the process of US industrial restructuring, both within and beyond its borders. For this purpose, five critical dimensions of the phenomenon are analysed: (1) the true face of the economic integration process between Mexico and the United States under the aegis of neoliberalism; (2) the new dynamics of Mexico–US migration; (3) the particular dialectic between Mexico’s export-led growth model and the migration process; (4) the economic and geopolitical implications of the bilateral agenda on migration issues; and (5) the responses and alternative approaches that have emerged from the rank and file of the migrant community itself.

Le principal objectif de l’article est d’offrir un aperçu critique de la nature actuelle de la migration entre le Mexique et les États-Unis en tenant compte du vaste et complexe réseau des relations de travail que ces deux pays ont forgé en raison des nouvelles formes de domination propres à l’impérialisme américain. Le premier intérêt

de l’article vient du fait qu’il perce le contenu et la portée du phénomène pour tenter de révéler le rôle stratégique que joue l’exportation de la main-d’oeuvre mexicaine dans la restructuration industrielle des États-Unis, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de ses frontières. À cette fin, l’article analyse cinq dimensions essentielles du phénomène : (1)

le vrai visage du processus d’intégration économique du Mexique et des États-Unis dans le contexte du néolibéralisme; (2) la nouvelle dynamique de la migration entre le Mexique et les États-Unis; (3) la dialectique particulière du modèle mexicain de croissance axée sur les exportations et du processus de migration; (4) les incidences économiques et géopolitiques du programme bilatéral sur les questions de migration; et (5) les réactions et les nouvelles approches issues de la communauté migrante elle même.

Producción Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas UAZ

Article

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Migration Imperialism Exportation Industrial restructuring Borders Migración Imperialismo Exportación Reestructuración industrial

Automated border control e-gates and facial recognition systems

José SANCHEZ DEL RIO SAEZ Daniela Moctezuma Cristina Conde Isaac Martín Enrique Cabello (2016)

A fast automated biometric solution has been proposed to satisfy the future border control

needs of airports resulting from the rapid growth in the number of passengers worldwide.

Automated border control (ABC) systems handle the problems caused by this growth, such as

congestion at electronic gates (e-gates) or delays in the planned arrival schedules. Different

modalities, such as face, fingerprint, or iris recognition, will be used in most of the ABC systems

located at airports in the European/Schengen areas. Because facial recognition is the modality

that travelers consider most acceptable, it was decided to include this modality in all second

generation passports. Face recognition systems, installed in small kiosks inside the e-gates,

require high quality facial images to allow high performance and efficiency. Accurate face recognition

algorithms, which should be invariant to non-idealities, such as changes in pose and

expression, occlusions, and changes in lighting, are also required for these systems. In this

paper, a review of the most important face recognition algorithms described in the literature

that are invariant to these non-idealities and that can be used in ABC e-gates is presented. A

comparative analysis of the most common ABC e-gates located at the different airports is

provided. In addition, the results of an experimental evaluation of a face recognition system

when halogen, white LEDs, near infra-red, or fluorescence illumination was used, which was

conducted in order to determine which type of illumination is optimal for use in ABC e-gates,

are presented. To conclude, improvements that could be implemented in the near future in

ABC face recognition systems are described.

Article

Borders E-gates Face Recognition INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ORDENADORES INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL

Critical dimensions of Mexico–US migration under the aegis of neoliberalism and NAFTA

RAUL DELGADO WISE (2004)

The main objective of this article is to offer a critical overview of the present nature of Mexico–US migration, taking into account the broad and intricate spectrum of labour relations that has arisen among both nations in the context of the new forms of domination characterizing US imperialism. The article’s primary interest lies in penetrating the content and scope of this phenomenon in an attempt to reveal the strategic role played by the exportation of Mexican labour in the process of US industrial restructuring, both within and beyond its borders. For this purpose, five critical dimensions of the phenomenon are analysed: (1) the true face of the economic integration process between Mexico and the United States under the aegis of neoliberalism; (2) the new dynamics of Mexico–US migration; (3) the particular dialectic between Mexico’s export-led growth model and the migration process; (4) the economic and geopolitical implications of the bilateral agenda on migration issues; and (5) the responses and alternative approaches that have emerged from the rank and file of the migrant community itself.

Le principal objectif de l’article est d’offrir un aperçu critique de la nature actuelle de la migration entre le Mexique et les États-Unis en tenant compte du vaste et complexe réseau des relations de travail que ces deux pays ont forgé en raison des nouvelles formes de domination propres à l’impérialisme américain. Le premier intérêt

de l’article vient du fait qu’il perce le contenu et la portée du phénomène pour tenter de révéler le rôle stratégique que joue l’exportation de la main-d’oeuvre mexicaine dans la restructuration industrielle des États-Unis, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de ses frontières. À cette fin, l’article analyse cinq dimensions essentielles du phénomène : (1)

le vrai visage du processus d’intégration économique du Mexique et des États-Unis dans le contexte du néolibéralisme; (2) la nouvelle dynamique de la migration entre le Mexique et les États-Unis; (3) la dialectique particulière du modèle mexicain de croissance axée sur les exportations et du processus de migration; (4) les incidences économiques et géopolitiques du programme bilatéral sur les questions de migration; et (5) les réactions et les nouvelles approches issues de la communauté migrante elle même.

Producción Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas UAZ

Article

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Migration Imperialism Exportation Industrial restructuring Borders Migración Imperialismo Exportación Reestructuración industrial

The Border as a Life Experience: Identities, Asymmetry and Border Crossing between Mexico and the United States

La frontera como experiencia vital: Identidades, asimetría y cruce fronterizo entre México y Estados Unidos

MATILDE LAURA VELASCO ORTIZ OSCAR FERNANDO CONTRERAS MONTELLANO (2014)

This article analyzes the effects of the Mexico-United States geopolitical border in social

and cultural differentiation, using the crossing experience as the analytical core. Based in

60 life histories of residents of the Mexico-USA border region, a typology of life experiences

structured around border crossing is developed, including a wide range of life experiences,

from those that involve never having crossed the border to those that are precisely the product

of border crossing. The experienced border encompasses the subjectified experience

of the region, integrating both the meaning of crossing and the structural elements that

historically have defined the border: proximity, asymmetry, and interaction.

En este artículo se examina el efecto diferenciador de la frontera geopolítica, abordando la

experiencia vital del cruce fronterizo como núcleo analítico para explorar la relación entre

fronteras territoriales y socioculturales. Con base en 60 relatos de vida de residentes de la

región fronteriza México-Estados Unidos desarrollamos una tipología que intenta captar la

diferenciación de las experiencias de la frontera estructuradas en torno al cruce. La noción

de frontera vivida involucra la experiencia subjetivada de la región, integrando tanto el

significado del cruce como los elementos estructurales que históricamente han definido a la

región fronteriza: proximidad, asimetría e interacción.

Article

Mexico-USA border region Border crossing Experienced border Border identities Cultural borders Frontera México-Estados Unidos Cruce de fronteras Frontera vivida Identidades fronterizas Fronteras culturales CIENCIAS SOCIALES